uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
753 rows where use_subcategory = 30 sorted by pageno descending
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno ▲ | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43991 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Narrow leaf bands worn around the head by personators of anthropic gods. The personators of anthropic gods adorned their wrists and ankles with yucca ribbons and the novitiate into the medicine order of a secret fraternity had his or her wrists adorned with them also. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
43992 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used ceremonially for a great variety of purposes. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44533 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Balls of husks covered with woven cotton used ceremonially to insure bountiful crops. The balls of corn husks covered with woven cotton were used with long fringes of white cotton ceremonial sashes symbolizing corn and a desire for bountiful crops. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44534 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Corn ears carried or secretly worn in dances by personators of anthropic gods. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44535 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Corn meal wrapped in husks given to theurgists visiting the sick. The packages were always presented with a prayer and the recipient prayed. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44537 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Ribboned corn husks used as hair decorations in ceremonies. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44538 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | White corn meal made into a mush and used ceremonially during the death of a rain priest. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
2552 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 98 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Wood used for making masks, ceremonial rattles and model canoes. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98 |
32857 | Rhododendron macrophyllum D. Don ex G. Don 3339 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 98 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Flowers used in dance wreathes at the Strawberry Festival. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 98 |
16683 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 97 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Seeds used to make a ceremonial body paint. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 97 |
31347 | Psilostrophe tagetina (Nutt.) Greene 3204 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 97 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Blossoms used by personators of anthropic gods for painting masks and for coloring bodies yellow. The blossoms were used by personators of anthropic gods for painting masks and for coloring their limbs and bodies yellow. The flowers were ground into a meal and mixed with yellow ocher and urine. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 97 |
10348 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 96 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant paste used with black mineral paint to color sticks of plume offerings to anthropic gods. The plant was boiled for a long time and the concoction allowed to evaporate. The precipitated paste was then used with black mineral paint to color sticks of plume offerings to anthropic gods. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 96 |
14993 | Fragaria virginiana Duchesne 1640 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 96 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Fruits used as symbols of the Creator's beneficence in the Strawberry Thanksgiving ceremony. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
28725 | Polanisia dodecandra ssp. trachysperma (Torr. & Gray) Iltis 3035 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 96 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Switches, roots and blossoms used ceremonially. When the Cactus fraternity returned to their chamber from the last dance at sunset, they were whipped with switches and then roots and blossoms were chewed and ejected over the bodies of the whipped people. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 96 |
23816 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 95 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves smoked ceremonially. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 95 |
24708 | Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata 2662 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 95 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used ceremonially. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 95 |
25836 | Penstemon barbatus ssp. torreyi (Benth.) Keck 2802 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 95 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Chewed root rubbed over the rabbit stick to insure success in the hunt. A rabbit stick which was treated in this manner was sure to kill any rabbit that it was aimed at, provided the thrower had a good heart. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 95 |
5270 | Artemisia frigida Willd. 397 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 94 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Attached to prayer sticks. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 94 |
11556 | Cucumis melo L. 1157 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 93 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Seeds mixed with juniper charcoal and water and made into a ceremonial body paint. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 93 |
12245 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 93 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Wood used as a favorite firewood, but more importantly in ceremonies. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 93 |
16638 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 93 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Blossoms used ceremonially for anthropic worship. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 93 |
19414 | Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. 2090 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 93 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Covered with a cord net to be used as water containers in ceremonies and buried with the dead. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 93 |
19415 | Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. 2090 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 93 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used as prayer sticks. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 93 |
14321 | Erysimum sp. 1557 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 92 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used ceremonially to insure the coming of rain so that the corn and all vegetation would grow. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 92 |
16133 | Gossypium hirsutum L. 1766 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 92 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Fuzz used alone or made into cords and used ceremonially in a number of ways. The cotton cords were tied loosely around the wrists and ankles of the newborn child while supplications were offered that the rain makers would provide enough rain to insure proliferative crops so that the child would have full nourishment its whole life. Cotton down was used to cover the heads of rain priests after their deaths symbolizing their duties in this world and also their obligations in the undermost world. Crowns and certain masks were also covered with raw cotton to indicate that the gods represented were rain makers or were specially associated with the rain makers. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 92 |
29901 | Proboscidea louisianica ssp. louisianica 3145 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 92 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used in the preparation of ceremonial paraphernalia. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92 |
507 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 91 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Hard, lightweight wood used to make masks and ceremonial rattles. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91 |
6494 | Astragalus crassicarpus var. crassicarpus 473 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 91 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Fruits gathered just before corn planting time and ceremonially soaked with seed corn. The fruits were not planted with the seed corn, but were discarded before planting. The informants could not give a reason for this process as they said they had forgotten the origin of the old custom. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91 |
6495 | Astragalus crassicarpus var. crassicarpus 473 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 91 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Fruits gathered just before corn planting time and ceremonially soaked with seed corn. The fruits were not planted with the seed corn, but were discarded before planting. The informants could not give a reason for this process as they said they had forgotten the origin of the old custom. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91 |
8482 | Castilleja linariifolia Benth. 788 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 91 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used ceremonially as the Red Flower associated with the southeast direction. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 91 |
14065 | Eriogonum jamesii Benth. 1514 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 91 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Ground blossom powder given to ceremonial dancers impersonating anthropic gods to bring rain. The blossom powder was given to the dancers after they were dressed for the ceremony. The dance director placed it in the mouth of each dancer so that the dance would bring rain. Each dancer ejected the medicine from his mouth over his body and apparel. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 91 |
17229 | Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 91 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used in religious ceremonies. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91 |
23543 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 91 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Grass attached to sticks of plume offerings to anthropic gods. This grass was used only by Galaxy and Shu'maakwe fraternities. The sticks designated the god to whom the offerings were made and the plumes of the eagle and of other birds conveyed the breath prayers to the gods. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 91 |
23748 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 90 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant smoked in pipes for ceremonial purposes only. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 90 |
23823 | Nicotiana clevelandii Gray 2578 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used as an integral part of every ritual. Before a ritual was conducted, tobacco was smoked by the ritual leaders and shamans and the smoke was blown in the sacred directions: north, east, west, south and up or center. This helped to clear the area of any malevolent force which might interfere with the ritual. Throughout ceremonies, especially those honoring the recent dead, everyone was obliged to smoke tobacco, as they are even today. At funerals, smoking served to concentrate power that would aid the dead in their arduous journey to the other world. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23824 | Nicotiana clevelandii Gray 2578 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used by shamans to control rain, increase crop production, divining and improve health of community. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23825 | Nicotiana clevelandii Gray 2578 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used by shamans, at community gatherings, to drive away malevolent powers. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23833 | Nicotiana glauca Graham 2579 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used as an integral part of every ritual. Before a ritual was conducted, tobacco was smoked by the ritual leaders and shamans and the smoke was blown in the sacred directions: north, east, west, south and up or center. This helped to clear the area of any malevolent force which might interfere with the ritual. Throughout ceremonies, especially those honoring the recent dead, everyone was obliged to smoke tobacco, as they are even today. At funerals, smoking served to concentrate power that would aid the dead in their arduous journey to the other world. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23834 | Nicotiana glauca Graham 2579 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used by shamans to control rain, increase crop production, divining and improve health of community. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23835 | Nicotiana glauca Graham 2579 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used by shamans, at community gatherings, to drive away malevolent powers. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23850 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used as an integral part of every ritual. Before a ritual was conducted, tobacco was smoked by the ritual leaders and shamans and the smoke was blown in the sacred directions: north, east, west, south and up or center. This helped to clear the area of any malevolent force which might interfere with the ritual. Throughout ceremonies, especially those honoring the recent dead, everyone was obliged to smoke tobacco, as they are even today. At funerals, smoking served to concentrate power that would aid the dead in their arduous journey to the other world. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23851 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used by shamans to control rain, increase crop production, divining and improve health of community. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23852 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used by shamans, at community gatherings, to drive away malevolent powers. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23857 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 90 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant smoked in pipes for ceremonial purposes only. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 90 |
17199 | Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 9 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Grass braids strung on the inside of headbands of the Motokiks headdresses. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9 |
17200 | Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 9 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Grass braids tied vertically around the base of the Horn Society staffs. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9 |
17201 | Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 9 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Grass essential to the raising of a fallen dancer or fallen paraphernalia. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9 |
17202 | Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 9 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Grass water used to bathe the mother 34 days after giving birth and before returning home. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9 |
17205 | Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 9 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Stems burned and prayers said during every ceremony. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9 |
20986 | Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose 2246 | Cowichan 52 | tb71 23 | 89 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Seeds burned to fumigate homes and to 'drive away ghosts.' | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89 |
21011 | Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose 2246 | Saanich 215 | tb71 23 | 89 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Seeds burned to fumigate homes and to 'drive away ghosts.' | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89 |
21015 | Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose 2246 | Songish 247 | tb71 23 | 89 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Seeds burned to fumigate homes and to 'drive away ghosts.' | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89 |
40438 | Townsendia strigosa Nutt. 3971 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 89 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Chewed by Night Chant chanter & spit upon prayersticks to facilitate the disentanglement of string. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |
40439 | Townsendia strigosa Nutt. 3971 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 89 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Juice spat upon the wand used in the Night Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |
6275 | Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail 445 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Coma made into cords and used for fastening plumes to the prayer sticks. The sticks were used as offerings and were planted in the fields and in sacred springs. An excavation was made in the bed of the spring in which the offerings were deposited with a stone attached and covered with soil from the bottom. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
6654 | Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. 503 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Twigs attached to prayer plumes and sacrificed to the cottontail rabbit to ensure good hunting. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
11745 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Gourds worn in phallic dances symbolizing fructification or made into ceremonial rattles. The gourd rattles were used in ceremonies for both anthropic and zooic worship. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
12243 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Powdered root used by rain priests in a number of ways to ensure fruitful rains. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
12244 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Root pieces chewed by a robbery victim in order to find out the thief's identity. The root was given to the victim by a rain priest. The victim was told to chew the root and that the medicine would induce dreams of the thief. The rain priest would ask the victim to tell him everything he remembered in his dream so that he could identify the thief and recover the stolen property. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
21894 | Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde 2372 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Crushed berries used as purple coloring for the skin and for objects employed in ceremonies. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
35079 | Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. 3472 | Saanich 215 | tb71 23 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Stems used in purification rituals before dancing. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 88 |
37668 | Senecio flaccidus var. douglasii (DC.) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkl. 3642 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant boiled and taken before person goes into sweathouse, to get a good voice for the Night Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 88 |
37944 | Shinnersoseris rostrata (Gray) S. Tomb 3662 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant offered to the antelope at the Corral Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 88 |
2748 | Amaranthus cruentus L. 188 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 87 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Feathery part of plant ground into a fine meal and used to color ceremonial bread red. The bread was carried by personators of anthropic gods and thrown by them to the populace between the dances. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 87 |
16600 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 87 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Hollow stalk used in the illusion of swallowing the arrow during the Mountain Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
16601 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 87 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Stalk made into flute used in an ancient custom of timing the grinding of the corn at the War Dance. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
24269 | Oenothera albicaulis Pursh 2613 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 87 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Chewed blossoms rubbed on the bodies of young girls so that they could dance well and ensure rain. The blossoms were given by the High Priest and the Sun Priest of the Corn Maidens. The girls chewed the blossoms, ejected the mass into their hands and rubbed it on the neck, breast, arms and hands ensuring that they would dance well so that it would rain and the corn would grow. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 87 |
30252 | Prunus americana Marsh. 3160 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 87 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Sprout or young growth made into a wand and used ceremonially. The sprout or young growth was made into a wand by peeling it and painting it with emblematic colors and designs. An offering which consisted of tobacco or anything acceptable to higher powers was attached to the top of the wand and usually made for the benefit of the sick. The offering could be made anywhere and by anyone as long as it was executed with appropriate ceremony, but was most efficiently performed if an altar were prepared at which the wand was placed upright with the offering fastened near the top. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
2560 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 86 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Wood used to make masks and rattles. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86 |
16313 | Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby 1786 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 86 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves, grama grass, sagebrush and unidentified leaves burned to charcoal for blackening ceremony. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 86 |
16314 | Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby 1786 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 86 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Wood ash and pitch used to cover the oak bull-roarer for the Female Shooting Life Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 86 |
24326 | Oenothera pallida ssp. pallida 2624 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 86 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used ceremonially as the White Flower associated with the northeast direction. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 86 |
24327 | Oenothera pallida ssp. runcinata (Engelm.) Munz & W. Klein 2625 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 86 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used ceremonially as the White Flower associated with the northeast direction. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 86 |
33131 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 84 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used for ceremonial equipment. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 84 |
33132 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 84 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used to make prayersticks. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 84 |
7557 | Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt. 627 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 83 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant and other plants used as a ceremonial liniment for the Female Shooting Life Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83 |
13629 | Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird 1451 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 83 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used to remove evil spells in the Witch, Wind and other chants. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83 |
20529 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 83 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Acorns used in a first fruits ceremony in October after the first rainfall. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 83 |
20530 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 83 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bark used by a wale-pu (a ceremonial figure) as tinder to create flashes of light. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 83 |
25629 | Pectis papposa Harvey & Gray 2767 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 83 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Chewed blossoms used as perfume before a dance in ceremonies of the secret fraternities. The blossoms were chewed by both sexes, especially by women, ejected into the hands and rubbed on the neck, limbs and clothing as perfume. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 83 |
6439 | Aster sp. 459 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 82 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used, with other plants, as a liniment for the Bead Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 82 |
6440 | Aster sp. 459 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 82 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used, with other plants, as the Bead Chant tobacco. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 82 |
5544 | Artemisia sp. 404 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 81 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bunches of plant, with other plants, tied to corners of hoops used in unraveling ceremonial objects. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 81 |
5545 | Artemisia sp. 404 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 81 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used as a wand when practicing for the Night Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 81 |
20071 | Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve 2160 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 8 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plants used to make bedding for various ceremonies. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 8 |
7940 | Campanula uniflora L. 714 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 79 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Pollen used for some of the sacred ceremonies. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 79 |
19432 | Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. 2090 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 79 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used to make rattles for various ceremonies. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 79 |
23601 | Nelumbo lutea Willd. 2570 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 79 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant characterized as having mystic powers. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79 |
23611 | Nelumbo lutea Willd. 2570 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 79 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant characterized as having mystic powers. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79 |
23614 | Nelumbo lutea Willd. 2570 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 79 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant characterized as having mystic powers. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79 |
23617 | Nelumbo lutea Willd. 2570 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 79 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant characterized as having mystic powers. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79 |
23622 | Nelumbo lutea Willd. 2570 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 79 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant characterized as having mystic powers. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79 |
42729 | Veratrum viride Ait. 4105 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 79 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Roots burned to fumigate the houses of recently deceased persons. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 79 |
32898 | Rhus copallinum L. 3345 | Delaware, Oklahoma 63 | t42 22 | 78 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves and root used in ceremonial tobacco mixture. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 78 |
44523 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 78 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Husks twisted and used to make the framework and mounts for feathers in ceremonial ornaments. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78 |
16132 | Gossypium hirsutum L. 1766 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Cotton used to make ceremonial garments. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 77 |
41767 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Dried stalk fiber made into cloth and used in the Sacred Bundle of the Tent of War. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
41801 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Dried stalk fiber made into cloth and used in the Sacred Bundle of the Tent of War. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
41817 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Dried stalk fiber made into cloth and used in the Sacred Bundle of the Tent of War. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
41824 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Dried stalk fiber made into cloth and used in the Sacred Bundle of the Tent of War. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );