uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
753 rows where use_subcategory = 30 sorted by id descending
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id ▲ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
44555 | Zigadenus elegans Pursh 4247 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 508 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Roots placed in the eye sockets and mouth of a dead grouse by the father of a girl reaching puberty. The father of a girl reaching puberty had to snare a grouse, cut off its head, remove its eyes and in their places put two small roots of this plant and another in the mouth. Otherwise, the father was not able to snare any more grouse. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508 |
44538 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | White corn meal made into a mush and used ceremonially during the death of a rain priest. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44537 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Ribboned corn husks used as hair decorations in ceremonies. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44536 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 73 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Popped corn ground, made into a beverage and used ceremonially. Although this beverage could be consumed at any time, it was used especially by the rain priests and personators of anthropic gods during ceremonies. Another native beverage was also made by the Zuni. Water was poured over sprouted corn, allowed to stand for some days and then used as a beverage. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73 |
44535 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Corn meal wrapped in husks given to theurgists visiting the sick. The packages were always presented with a prayer and the recipient prayed. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44534 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Corn ears carried or secretly worn in dances by personators of anthropic gods. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44533 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Balls of husks covered with woven cotton used ceremonially to insure bountiful crops. The balls of corn husks covered with woven cotton were used with long fringes of white cotton ceremonial sashes symbolizing corn and a desire for bountiful crops. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44523 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 78 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Husks twisted and used to make the framework and mounts for feathers in ceremonial ornaments. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78 |
44509 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 473 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used for religious scarification and at busk ceremonies. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 473 |
44481 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 18 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Pollen used in all ceremonials and also for personal ceremonies. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 18 |
44470 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 30 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Cornmeal mush used to make images for ceremonies. In the Bead Chant, an image of a wildcat was made of sweet corn; in the Mountain Chant, an image of the bear was made of sweet corn; and in the Coyote Chant, effigies of a coyote and a kit fox were made in sweet corn; other images such as the dog, chicken, cat and pig were also reproduced in sweet corn. To make these animals, a stiff mush was made of corn, which was kneaded to the desired shape, omitting the extremities such as tail, ears and feet. White shell, turquoise and cannel coal was used for the eyes. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 30 |
44444 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Corn pollen and corn meal used for many ceremonial purposes. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 77 |
44443 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Corn meal sprinkled by everyone before eating and prayer repeated. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 77 |
44437 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 46 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Pollen used in the 'Corn Dances.' | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
44436 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 46 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Corn silks used in the 'Corn Dances.' | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
44435 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 46 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Corn meal smeared on the body in the burial ceremony. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
44434 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 46 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Corn husks used as cigarette papers for the ceremonial cigarettes. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
44406 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 69 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Whole ears boiled and given as presents during the winter ceremonies. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 69 |
44405 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 67 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used in almost all ceremonies either as corn meal, as an actual ear of corn or as a painting. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 67 |
44404 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 67 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Ceremonially associated with the northeast direction. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 67 |
44403 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 69 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Ceremonially associated with the nadir. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 69 |
44384 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Delaware 62 | t72 97 | 55 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used in the ceremonial diet of the participants of the Big House Ceremony. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 55 |
44362 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 153 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Sprinkled on images of the dead during mourning ceremonies. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 153 |
44250 | Yucca sp. 4236 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 34 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Roots, pollen and leaves used during many different ceremonies. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34 |
44249 | Yucca sp. 4236 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 34 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Pitch used to cover bullroarers for some of the ceremonies. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34 |
44248 | Yucca sp. 4236 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 32 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves used for ceremonial purposes. On the sixth day of the Mountain Chant Ceremony, before the couriers were sent on their way, a basin of water containing soap root was brought in, and after the medicine man had daubed the couriers with a little of the suds, they washed themselves from head to foot and cleaned their hair as well. The Lashing God in the Night Chant carried a ring of yucca leaves on his back and suspended from this by its roots was a complete plant of soapweed. He held in his hand yucca scourges which were made from the leaves taken from the east and west sides of the plant. For the yucca that hangs at his back, a specimen was selected whose roots stuck well out of the ground and was kicked out with the foot. Masks made of the leaves were also used in the Night Chant. In one of the dances of the last night of the Mountain Chant, yucca was made to grow from the root through buds and flowers to the ripe fruit. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32 |
44247 | Yucca sp. 4236 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 34 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaf strips intertwined with sprigs of fir and used to make necklaces and wristbands for ceremonies. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34 |
44246 | Yucca sp. 4236 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 34 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Fiber used to string cakes baked for Fire God & attached to his right arm on 9th day of Night Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34 |
44191 | Yucca glauca Nutt. 4230 | Tewa of Hano 258 | rhf16 61 | 52 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used to make whips to beat novices during some initiation ceremonies. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 52 |
44140 | Yucca glauca Nutt. 4230 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 33 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used to stir the water for the ceremonial baths. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 33 |
44037 | Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm. 4228 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 33 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves made into scourges and used in the Night Chant. A leaf was taken from the east side of the plant and one from the west. The leaves were then split in two and the interchanged halves bound together to form the scourge. These scourges were carried by the different personators in the Night Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 33 |
44000 | Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber 4226 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 370 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Twigs used to make the masks for the kachinas. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 370 |
43999 | Yucca baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber 4226 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 370 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used as whips in ceremonies. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 370 |
43992 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used ceremonially for a great variety of purposes. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
43991 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Narrow leaf bands worn around the head by personators of anthropic gods. The personators of anthropic gods adorned their wrists and ankles with yucca ribbons and the novitiate into the medicine order of a secret fraternity had his or her wrists adorned with them also. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
43957 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 53 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant suspended from a ring carried on the back of a god impersonator. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 53 |
43905 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 21 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves used to make ceremonial drumstick. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21 |
43904 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 21 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves stuck into snowballs, mixed with red clay and used to stop the snow and rain. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21 |
43889 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 31 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Roots used ceremonially. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 31 |
43854 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 74 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Switches used as whips by the masked personage. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74 |
43853 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 74 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves used as whips during the initiations. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74 |
43772 | Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. 4224 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 55 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Roots made into suds and used during marriage ceremonies. As part of the marriage ceremony, the groom's head was washed by his future mother-in-law, while that of the bride was washed by the bridegroom's mother. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 55 |
43766 | Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. 4224 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 71 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used as a whip during ceremonies. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
43765 | Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. 4224 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 71 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Roots crushed to make soap, used ceremonially as a purification rite & suds associated with clouds. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
43663 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 54 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaf ash used as ceremonial blackening. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54 |
43554 | Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl. 4190 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 145 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Seeds used as filling material for gourd rattles. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145 |
43553 | Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl. 4190 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 145 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves used to make images of the dead burned in the memorial rites. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145 |
43373 | Vitis arizonica Engelm. 4171 | Jemez 102 | c30 28 | 28 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Berry juice mixed with white clay and used as a body paint for dancers. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
42902 | Verbesina encelioides ssp. exauriculata (Robins. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman 4116 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 54 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used to make antelope prayer stick in Plumeway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54 |
42847 | Verbascum thapsus L. 4106 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 287 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used in the sweat lodge. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 287 |
42813 | Verbascum thapsus L. 4106 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 44 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves used as a ceremonial tobacco. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
42737 | Veratrum viride Ait. 4105 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 76 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Roots carried as charms to ward off evil spirits or to kill sea monsters. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 76 |
42729 | Veratrum viride Ait. 4105 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 79 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Roots burned to fumigate the houses of recently deceased persons. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 79 |
42717 | Veratrum viride Ait. 4105 | Kwakiutl 121 | tb73 63 | 273 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Dried roots used as a charm to call rain. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273 |
42690 | Veratrum viride Ait. 4105 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 201 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used for preparation for shamanistic activities, dancing, hunting and fishing. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201 |
42689 | Veratrum viride Ait. 4105 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 201 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used for ceremonial purification. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201 |
42676 | Veratrum viride Ait. 4105 | Haisla 86 | ga88 165 | 26 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Roots burned and used as a fumigant to drive away evil spirits. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26 |
42667 | Veratrum viride Ait. 4105 | Gitksan 78 | ga88 165 | 26 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Roots grated, added to laundry water and used to purify clothing. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26 |
42666 | Veratrum viride Ait. 4105 | Gitksan 78 | ga88 165 | 26 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Roots burned as a smudge or fumigant to purify houses. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26 |
41930 | Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Ung. 4065 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 100 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Black powder used as a ceremonial body paint. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 100 |
41873 | Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne 4060 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 43 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Nettles used to whip young men going through the ceremony to become dancers. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 43 |
41864 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Dried stalk fiber made into cloth and used in the Sacred Bundle of the Tent of War. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
41824 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Dried stalk fiber made into cloth and used in the Sacred Bundle of the Tent of War. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
41817 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Dried stalk fiber made into cloth and used in the Sacred Bundle of the Tent of War. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
41801 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Dried stalk fiber made into cloth and used in the Sacred Bundle of the Tent of War. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
41790 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 28 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Rubbed on the body to purify it after handling a corpse. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28 |
41767 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Dried stalk fiber made into cloth and used in the Sacred Bundle of the Tent of War. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
41725 | Urtica dioica L. 4058 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 140 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used to make a tea taken during 'sweathousing' and used to 'wash' the skin and hair. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 140 |
41710 | Urtica dioica L. 4058 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 246 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used in rituals for whaling and fishing. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246 |
41630 | Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. 4056 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 59 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Foliage placed on fire during the Brush Dance to drive evil spirits away. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
41315 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Omaha 177 | g13ii 154 | 323 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaf used as one of the required articles in dressing the sacred pipes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323 |
41275 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 24 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Pollen used in the ceremonies. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 24 |
41274 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 24 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves used to make ceremonial necklaces and wristbands for the Male Shooting Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 24 |
41239 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 560 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Fuzz used ritually like prayer meal or pollen. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 560 |
41238 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 73 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Ripened cattails shaken in the rain dance to produce clouds. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 73 |
41189 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 142 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Stalks used in constructing ceremonial bundles. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142 |
41182 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 151 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Pollen used in religious ceremonies. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 151 |
41180 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 46 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Pollen used in many ceremonies. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 46 |
41179 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 46 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves used as ground covering for ceremonial tipis during the puberty ritual. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 46 |
41174 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 36 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Pollen sprinkled as a cross onto largest mescal crown. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36 |
41116 | Typha angustifolia L. 4047 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 64 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant associated ceremoniously with water. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 64 |
41055 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Inner bark and grease made into realistic eyeballs and used in the corpse for the hamatsa ceremony. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
41054 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Boughs made into headdresses and worn by dancers in the Ghost dance. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
41045 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 74 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Boughs used as scrubbers in the manhood training rituals of young boys. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
41017 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Wood used to carve masks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
40996 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Boughs used by girls at puberty for rubbing ceremony. Girls at puberty were brushed on the arms and face with boughs, which were bundled together with soft, fern fronds. The bundle was fist-sized, with needled hemlock twigs sticking out from both ends. Before the rubbing ceremony began, the girl would go down to the edge of the water at sunrise and, four separate times, would dip the branches in the water, suck the water from the branches, then blow it out in a fine spray. At the same time, she would dip her face in the water with her eyes open, four times, each time lifting her head and spraying out the water. This was said to prevent eye disease to herself and future children. All bundles used for this purpose were subsequently deposited in a special place. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40968 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Boughs used among several botanical materials in ritual purification practices. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40809 | Triteleia laxa Benth. 4035 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 25 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Flowers used in dance wreathes at the Strawberry Festival. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 25 |
40773 | Triphysaria versicolor ssp. faucibarbatus (Gray) Chuang & Heckard 4028 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 35 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Flowers used in dance wreaths at the Strawberry Festival in May. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 35 |
40439 | Townsendia strigosa Nutt. 3971 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 89 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Juice spat upon the wand used in the Night Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |
40438 | Townsendia strigosa Nutt. 3971 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 89 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Chewed by Night Chant chanter & spit upon prayersticks to facilitate the disentanglement of string. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |
40424 | Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter 3968 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 54 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Pollen shaken from a horned toad pollen to unraveler string and used in unraveling ceremony. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54 |
40281 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Tsimshian 267 | c93 14 | 315 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Wood made into horns used for ritual purposes. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315 |
40246 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 19 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Limbs burned at night and waved through the houses after a death to scare off the ghosts. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
40243 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 50 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bark made into a headband and worn by pubescent girls and young men in ritual isolation. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
40229 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 71 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Wood used to make totems, masks and ceremonial drums. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
40216 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Saanich 215 | tb71 23 | 71 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Boughs used to vigorously scrub the body for purity while bathing. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
40176 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 66 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Wood and inner bark used for shamanistic or other ceremonial activities. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66 |
40175 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 66 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Inner bark woven into dance screens. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66 |
40174 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 66 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Inner bark used to make head rings worn by dancers. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );