uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
690 rows where use_subcategory = 27 sorted by id descending
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id ▲ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
44662 | Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & Gray) Gray 4257 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 258 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Mashed berries added to water and use as a drink. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258 |
44658 | Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & Gray) Gray 4257 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 26 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruits formerly fermented and used for a beverage. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26 |
44528 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 73 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Popped corn ground as fine as possible, mixed with cold water, strained and used as a beverage. Although this beverage could be consumed at any time, it was used especially by the rain priests and personators of anthropic gods during ceremonies. Another native beverage was also made by the Zuni. Water was poured over sprouted corn, allowed to stand for some days and then used as a beverage. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73 |
44518 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 78 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Corn meal mixed with cold water and drunk as a nourishing drink. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78 |
44517 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 78 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Corn ground and sifted into boiling water to make a gruel formerly drunk in the morning. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78 |
44461 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 27 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Cornmeal and juniper ash water used to make a beverage. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27 |
44448 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 66 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Scorched or parched corn often used as a substitute for coffee. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
44426 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 46 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Ground corn used to make a slightly intoxicating beverage. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
44411 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 119 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Stalks cut between the joints and chewed to quench the thirst. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119 |
44410 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 71 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Seeds boiled into a liquor and used as a beverage or made into soup. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 71 |
44409 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 145 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Dried, roasted seeds boiled in water to make coffee. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 145 |
44266 | Yucca torreyi Shafer 4237 | Apache 10 | bc41 58 | 18 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Baked fruit pounded to a pulp, drained and juice drunk. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
44219 | Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies 4234 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 18 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruit cooked and made into a drink. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
44112 | Yucca glauca Nutt. 4230 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 76 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Dried, fruit cakes used to make a beverage. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76 |
43970 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 258 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Sun dried fruit boiled and used as a beverage. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258 |
43969 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Yavapai 284 | bc41 58 | 16 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Dried fruit soaked in water until pulp dissolved and liquid drunk. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16 |
43966 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Walapai 274 | bc41 58 | 17 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruits mixed with water and liquid drunk. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 17 |
43941 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 11 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Dried fruit pulp boiled in water and drunk. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11 |
43925 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Pima 193 | bc41 58 | 16 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Dried fruit made into cakes, cooked in water and liquid drunk. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16 |
43858 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 54 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Dried fruits dissolved in water to make a drink. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
43834 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 39 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruit used to make a fermented beverage. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39 |
43814 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Plant used to make a drink. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
43799 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 33 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruits used to make a drink. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33 |
43782 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Apache 10 | bc41 58 | 18 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Baked fruit pounded to a pulp, drained and juice drunk. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
43773 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 54 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Dried fruits dissolved in water to make a drink. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
43559 | Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl. 4190 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 204 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Juice squeezed out of fruits, added to water and used as a beverage. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
43548 | Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl. 4190 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 145 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruit soaked in water to make a beverage. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145 |
43520 | Vitis vulpina L. 4184 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 102 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fresh sap used as grape juice. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102 |
43460 | Vitis sp. 4182 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 23 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruit used to make juice. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 23 |
43443 | Vitis rotundifolia Michx. 4178 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 60 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruit mixed with sour grape, pokeberry juice, sugar and cornmeal used as a juice. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
43433 | Vitis labrusca L. 4176 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 60 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruit mixed with sour grape, pokeberry juice, sugar and cornmeal used as a juice. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
43414 | Vitis girdiana Munson 4175 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 144 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruit used to make wine. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 144 |
43411 | Vitis cinerea var. baileyana (Munson) Comeaux 4174 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 60 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruit mixed with sour grape, pokeberry juice, sugar and cornmeal used as a juice. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
43404 | Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard 4173 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 102 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fresh sap used as grape juice. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102 |
43366 | Vitis arizonica Engelm. 4171 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 190 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Juice boiled to make wine. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190 |
43347 | Vitis aestivalis Michx. 4169 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 60 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruit mixed with sour grape, pokeberry juice, sugar and cornmeal used as a juice. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
43045 | Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf. 4130 | Eskimo, Inupiat 72 | j83 54 | 106 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Berries used to make juice. | Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 106 |
42891 | Verbena stricta Vent. 4113 | Omaha 177 | g13ii 154 | 329 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329 |
42881 | Verbena hastata L. 4108 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 111 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111 |
42438 | Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. 4089 | Eskimo, Arctic 68 | p53 171 | 22 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Juice diluted and sweetened to make a refreshing beverage. | Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 22 |
42343 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 44 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves used to make tea. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
42312 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 67 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Berries made excellent wine. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
42251 | Vaccinium oxycoccos L. 4084 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 200 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves used to make tea. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200 |
41914 | Urtica urens L. 4062 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 70 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Used for bathing and drinking. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70 |
41733 | Urtica dioica L. 4058 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 70 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Used for bathing and drinking. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70 |
41614 | Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. 4056 | Concow 49 | c02 89 | 349 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Root bark used to make a drink. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 349 |
41527 | Ulmus rubra Muhl. 4052 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 23 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Inner bark used to brew a 'tea.' | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23 |
41428 | Ulmus americana L. 4051 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 39 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Red, inner bark used like coffee. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 39 |
40915 | Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 4041 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 408 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves made into a tea and used as a beverage and to disguise medicine. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408 |
40907 | Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 4041 | Micmac 141 | sd51 182 | 258 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Bark used to make a beverage. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
40881 | Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 4041 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 36 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Branches and maple water used to make tea. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 36 |
40861 | Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 4041 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 317 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves used to make a beverage. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317 |
40830 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 71 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Dried, ground wheat mixed with water to make a beverage. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71 |
40685 | Triglochin maritima L. 4017 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 90 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Roasted and used as a substitute for coffee. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 90 |
40671 | Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. 4016 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 160 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Wilted, dry leaves soaked and stirred in cold water to make a sour drink. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160 |
40638 | Trifolium sp. 4013 | Anticosti 9 | r46 150 | 67 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Flowers used to make wine. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 67 |
40565 | Trichostema lanceolatum Benth. 3995 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 67 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves used to make a nonmedicinal beverage. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67 |
40526 | Tragopogon porrifolius L. 3985 | Navajo 157 | h56 141 | 156 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Latex used as milk. | Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 156 |
39914 | Thuja occidentalis L. 3950 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2234 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves steeped for tea. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2234 |
39859 | Thuja occidentalis L. 3950 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 123 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123 |
39813 | Theobroma cacao L. 3942 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 294 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Used to make a beverage. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294 |
39795 | Thelesperma subnudum Gray 3935 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 98 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Flowers and tips of young leaves dried, boiled and used to make tea. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98 |
39793 | Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze 3934 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 61 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves steeped and the tea drunk as a beverage. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 61 |
39792 | Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze 3934 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 53 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Decoction of leaves and flowers, with lots of sugar, used as a tea. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
39787 | Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze 3934 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 563 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves and roots boiled to make tea. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563 |
39786 | Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze 3934 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 72 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Infusion of plant used as a beverage. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 72 |
39783 | Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze 3934 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 168 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Used to make coffee. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 168 |
39782 | Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze 3934 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 15 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Flowers used to make a beverage. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 15 |
39781 | Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze 3934 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 98 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Flowers and tips of young leaves dried, boiled and used to make tea. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98 |
39778 | Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze 3934 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 53 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves and young stems boiled to make a non-intoxicating beverage. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 53 |
39777 | Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze 3934 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 53 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fresh or stored portions boiled in water and liquid consumed with or without sugar. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 53 |
39774 | Thelesperma longipes Gray 3933 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 43 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Young plant leaves boiled to make a beverage resembling commercial tea. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 43 |
39773 | Thelesperma filifolium var. filifolium 3932 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 61 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves steeped and the tea drunk as a beverage. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 61 |
39772 | Thelesperma filifolium var. filifolium 3932 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 72 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Infusion of plant used as a beverage. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 72 |
39598 | Taxus canadensis Marsh. 3903 | Penobscot 192 | s17 103 | 309 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Twigs used to make a beverage. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
39582 | Taxus canadensis Marsh. 3903 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 34 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruits, leaves, cold water and maple water fermented into a 'little beer.' | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 34 |
39365 | Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers 3894 | Iroquois 100 | r45i 116 | 99 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Used to make wine. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 99 |
38879 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago and Pima 189 | cb37 151 | 34 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Juice used to make wine. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 34 |
38878 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago and Pima 189 | cb37 151 | 10 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruit used to make wine. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 10 |
38865 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 26 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Juice used as a ceremonial drink. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26 |
38760 | Spiraea ?pyramidata Greene (pro sp.) [betulifolia ? douglasii] 3788 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 494 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Flowers, stems and leaves boiled and drunk as a tea. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494 |
38753 | Spiraea stevenii (Schneid.) Rydb. 3797 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 8 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fresh or dried leaves made into tea. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8 |
38730 | Spiraea betulifolia Pallas 3791 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 274 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Plant used to make a tea like beverage. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 274 |
38715 | Spiraea alba var. latifolia (Ait.) Dippel 3790 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 152 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Used to make tea. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 152 |
38714 | Spiraea alba var. latifolia (Ait.) Dippel 3790 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 168 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves used to make tea. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 168 |
38693 | Sphagnum sp. 3783 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 87 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves used to make tea. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 87 |
38649 | Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. 3772 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 31 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Used to make a beverage. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 31 |
38282 | Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. 3720 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 70 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Berries mixed with curdled goat milk and considered a delicious beverage. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 70 |
38088 | Sisymbrium irio L. 3692 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 5 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Seeds mixed with water to make a drink. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
38053 | Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid. 3688 | Coahuilla 42 | b67 168 | 74 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Ground nut meal boiled into a 'coffee.' | Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 74 |
38052 | Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid. 3688 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 139 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Seeds eaten fresh or ground into powder and used to make a coffee like beverage. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139 |
37920 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 39 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruits fermented to make an alcoholic drink. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
37919 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 209 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Berries squeezed through a rice bag or some other straining cloth and made into juice. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209 |
37884 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 61 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Canned berry juice used as a beverage during haying time. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61 |
37872 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Oregon Indian 178 | m90 111 | 20 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Berries used to make a foaming drink. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 20 |
37869 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 39 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Fruits fermented to make an alcoholic drink. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
37863 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Northwest Indian 169 | m90 111 | 17 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Berries made into a foaming drink. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 17 |
37837 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Flathead 76 | b05 73 | 24 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Berries, water, sugar and lemon or vanilla used to make a drink. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 24 |
37725 | Senna occidentalis (L.) Link 3652 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 31 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Ground seeds boiled to make a coffee-like beverage. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31 |
37724 | Senna occidentalis (L.) Link 3652 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 31 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Ground seeds boiled to make a coffee-like beverage. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );