uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
459 rows where use_subcategory = 2 sorted by tribe descending
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id | species | tribe ▲ | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2728 | Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. 186 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 65 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds originally eaten raw, but later ground with black corn meal, made into balls and eaten. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65 |
5050 | Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth. 393 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 65 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seeds mixed with water, made into balls, steamed and used for food. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65 |
9525 | Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Wats. 903 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seeds mixed with corn meal and salt, made into a stiff batter, formed into balls and steamed. The Zuni say that upon reaching this world, the seeds were prepared without the meal because there was no corn. Now the young plants are boiled, either alone or with meat, and are greatly relished. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 66 |
40831 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Wheat made into flour and used to make doughnuts. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71 |
43678 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground with corn meal, made into cakes or balls, steamed and used for food. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71 |
43679 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Zuni 291 | c35 19 | 54 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal, made into pats and steamed. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
44529 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 73 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Toasted or untoasted corn ground into a flour and used to make bread. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73 |
20542 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make dough. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
24375 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
30004 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 181 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Meal molded into cakes for storage. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 181 |
41409 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 207 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pollen shaped into flat cakes and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 207 |
17409 | Hordeum vulgare L. 1913 | Yuki 287 | c02 89 | 313 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into flour and used to make bread. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 313 |
20538 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 88 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make pancakes. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 88 |
32239 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 89 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nut meats pounded into fine meal, winnowed and made into bread. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 89 |
32271 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 89 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nut meats pounded into fine meal, winnowed and made into bread. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 89 |
8229 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 260 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried, parched, seeds ground to consistency of peanut butter and squeezed into cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260 |
18580 | Juniperus deppeana Steud. 2056 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground berries made into a meal, stored in baskets and later made into a cake by dampening. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
18928 | Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little 2060 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground berries made into a meal, stored in baskets and later made into a cake by dampening. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
24373 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Yavapai 284 | g32 201 | 211 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried, mashed, parched seeds ground into a meal and used to make greasy cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 211 |
24862 | Opuntia sp. 2670 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground fruit made into cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
31987 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Yana 282 | ss43 181 | 249 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorn flour used to make bread. | Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
4432 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4690 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4704 | Arctostaphylos ?cinerea T.J. Howell (pro sp.) [canescens ? viscida] 330 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
3039 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 253 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried into cakes. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253 |
3040 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 38 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries pressed into cakes and used for food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
6939 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 491 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds mixed with deer fat or grease, boiled, cooled and made into small cakes. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 491 |
10134 | Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh 1001 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 239 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Corms made into cakes and dried for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239 |
15697 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 213 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries picked with the stems attached, washed, destemmed, dried and made into cakes for later use. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213 |
15698 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits pressed into cakes and used as a winter food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
20054 | Lewisia rediviva Pursh 2159 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 243 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots used as an ingredient in fruit cake. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243 |
24233 | Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon 2610 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 262 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Smashed fruit made into bread. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262 |
34509 | Rubus idaeus L. 3453 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 269 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit steamed, dried and made into a cake. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269 |
37921 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 209 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Soapberries dried on mats and formed into cakes. The berries were gathered in the summer, but were not hand picked because they were too soft. A clean mat was placed underneath the bush, then a branch laden with fruit was held and hit with a stick until the fruit fell off. The ripe berries were then placed in a basket, heated with hot rocks and spread out on mats or on a layer of 'timbergrass' set on a scaffolding and allowed to dry. A small fire was lit beneath so that the smoke would drive away the flies. The dried soapberry cakes were then broken off, placed in a birch bark basket with water and 'swished' with a whisk of maple bark tied to a stick. The mixture was originally sweetened with the 'white' variety of saskatoon berries that were dried and soaked in water to reconstitute them. More recently, sugar was added to the whip to sweeten it. The sweetened froth was served in small containers, first to the men and then to the women, as a sort of dessert or confection. It was said that the soapberries must never come into contact with grease or oil or the berries would not whip. One informant said that special containers were used for the preparation of soapberries, not for cooking or any other purpose, so that the berries could be kept free of grease. It was said that pregnant women should never eat the soapberry whip. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209 |
42208 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 220 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries scattered thinly on a mat and dried over a fire or mashed up and dried into a thin cake. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 220 |
42354 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 221 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries used in pancakes and muffins. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 221 |
44519 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 78 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Corn ground on a metate, formed into cakes, rolled and baked. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78 |
15696 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Swinomish 253 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
12057 | Dasylirion texanum Scheele 1236 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 57 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Crowns pit-baked, dried, pounded into flour and made into cakes. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 57 |
12081 | Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats. 1237 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 57 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Crowns pit-baked, dried, pounded into flour and made into cakes. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 57 |
43942 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 11 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp mixed with chokecherries and made into cake. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11 |
43943 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 15 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp patted into cakes and dried thoroughly. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15 |
15693 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Snohomish 245 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15692 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Skokomish 243 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15688 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
20532 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
27780 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts dried, powdered, made into small cakes and eaten with a very thin mush made of grass seeds. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
28031 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts dried, powdered, made into small cakes and eaten with a very thin mush made of grass seeds. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
28146 | Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl. 2975 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts dried, powdered, made into small cakes and eaten with a very thin mush made of grass seeds. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
31958 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
32143 | Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. 3265 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
32232 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
3081 | Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc. 207 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | r32 44 | 101 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried whole or mashed, formed into cakes and dried. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101 |
7909 | Camassia sp. 702 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | r32 44 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Raw or roasted bulbs pulverized, formed into small cakes or balls and dried for storage. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 99 |
7910 | Camassia sp. 702 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | r32 44 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Raw or roasted root pulverized, formed into small cakes or balls and dried for storage. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 99 |
31011 | Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. 3183 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | r32 44 | 101 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, mixed with dried salmon into a pemmican, formed into cakes, dried and stored. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101 |
15686 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Samish 221 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15682 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 83 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries boiled, poured into frames, sun or fire dried into cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83 |
27453 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 70 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Juicy inner bark dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70 |
31493 | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn 3214 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 69 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Rhizomes pounded into flour and baked to make bread. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69 |
33392 | Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook. 3361 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 84 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33494 | Ribes divaricatum Dougl. 3368 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 84 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33518 | Ribes hudsonianum Richards. 3371 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 84 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33569 | Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. 3375 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 84 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33625 | Ribes lobbii Gray 3378 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 84 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33713 | Ribes sanguineum Pursh 3394 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 84 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
34640 | Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray 3457 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 87 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried in rectangular frames and cakes used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87 |
34850 | Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 3463 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 87 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried into cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87 |
35080 | Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. 3472 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 88 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried in cakes, placed in hot water and used for food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 88 |
32487 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Round Valley Indian 214 | c02 89 | 333 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts dried, cracked, pulverized, water added and the dough made into bread. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 333 |
15681 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15677 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Quileute 209 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
31034 | Prunus virginiana var. virginiana 3184 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 88 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit and pits pounded to a pulp, formed into small cakes, sun dried and stored for winter use. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88 |
20516 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 67 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make black bread. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 67 |
20517 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Pomo 200 | m66 109 | 290 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
29718 | Porphyra perforata J. Agardh 3111 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 94 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Weeds stacked like cakes and dried until needed. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 94 |
31956 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Pomo 200 | m66 109 | 290 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
32136 | Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. 3265 | Pomo 200 | m66 109 | 290 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
32222 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Pomo 200 | m66 109 | 290 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
32223 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 67 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make white bread. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 67 |
32261 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Pomo 200 | m66 109 | 290 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
32262 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 67 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make white and black bread. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 67 |
20512 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Poliklah 199 | m66 109 | 172 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 172 |
30162 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 4 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pods made into flour and used to make an uncooked cake or loaf. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4 |
6693 | Atriplex nuttallii S. Wats. 509 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 77 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Stems used as stuffing for roast rabbit. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 77 |
6703 | Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Wats. 511 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 67 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into bread and used for food. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 67 |
8195 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, put into water, meal combined with other meal and baked to make bread. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71 |
30142 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 93 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Beans boiled, cooled, pressed out into dumplings and eaten. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
30143 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 44 |
35413 | Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. 3487 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 51 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds formerly roasted, ground, added to water to form flat cakes, baked and eaten. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51 |
40825 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 76 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground into flour and used to make bread. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 76 |
40826 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 73 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into meal, water and salt added and dough used to make tortillas and cakes. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 73 |
41123 | Typha angustifolia L. 4047 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 64 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pollen baked into brownish biscuits and used for food. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64 |
43926 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Pima 193 | bc41 58 | 16 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried fruit made into cakes. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16 |
44500 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 72 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground, baked in large cakes and used for food. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 72 |
31028 | Prunus virginiana var. virginiana 3184 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 88 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit and pits pounded to a pulp, formed into small cakes, sun dried and stored for winter use. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88 |
8159 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 20 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
16141 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 46 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seed flour mixed with saguaro seed flour, baked on sand and eaten as browned cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46 |
16142 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 37 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into flour and baked on hot sands as browned cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37 |
38866 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );