uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
459 rows where use_subcategory = 2 sorted by tribe
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id | species | tribe ▼ | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43774 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 54 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits baked, boiled, dried, rolled into loaves and stored for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
3070 | Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc. 207 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 75 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries used to make muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 75 |
22939 | Menyanthes trifoliata L. 2462 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 145 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Rootstocks dried, ground, leached, dried, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 145 |
40931 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 146 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Inner bark roasted in a pit oven, sometimes mixed with dried berries and pressed into cakes. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 146 |
41977 | Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. 4071 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked in muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
41978 | Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. 4071 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
42042 | Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr. 4077 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked in muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
42139 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked in muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
42140 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
42398 | Vaccinium uliginosum L. 4088 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked in muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
17425 | Humulus lupulus L. 1920 | Algonquin, Quebec 7 | b80 67 | 83 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Hops used to make bread. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 83 |
29935 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Apache 10 | c35 19 | 45 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into flour and used in pancakes. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 45 |
30975 | Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. 3183 | Apache 10 | rhf16 61 | 47 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries ground and meal made into sweet, blackish cakes. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 47 |
43783 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Apache 10 | bc41 58 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit roasted, pulp made into cakes and stored. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
44267 | Yucca torreyi Shafer 4237 | Apache 10 | bc41 58 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit roasted, pulp made into cakes and stored. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
2696 | Amaranthus albus L. 184 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
2797 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
7914 | Camelina microcarpa DC. 703 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 49 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 49 |
7953 | Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. 723 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, dried, stored, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
8777 | Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson 822 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 46 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit ground, caked and dried for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46 |
9985 | Cirsium pallidum Woot. & Standl. 965 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 49 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 49 |
11405 | Crataegus erythropoda Ashe 1125 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit pressed into pulpy cakes, dried and stored. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
12059 | Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats. 1237 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 38 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Crowns baked in pits, stripped, pounded to a pulp, spread out to dry and eaten like cake. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 38 |
12336 | Descurainia incana ssp. incisa (Engelm.) Kartesz & Gandhi 1269 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 49 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 49 |
12729 | Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) A.S. Hitchc. 1346 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, dried, stored, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
16557 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, sifted, made into dough and baked on hot stones. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
23468 | Morus microphylla Buckl. 2530 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit pressed into pulpy cakes, dried and stored. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
23544 | Muhlenbergia sp. 2544 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
25449 | Panicum bulbosum Kunth 2737 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
28069 | Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. 2970 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Inner bark scraped off and baked in the form of cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43 |
29568 | Populus tremuloides Michx. 3106 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Inner bark scraped off and baked in the form of cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43 |
29938 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 41 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Bean flour made into pancakes and bread. Beans were gathered, boiled, pounded on a hide or ground on a metate, placed in a pan and worked with the hands until a thick consistency was attained. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
30051 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 41 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pods dried, washed, ground into flour and made into bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
33605 | Ribes leptanthum Gray 3377 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit made into cakes for use during winter. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
33677 | Ribes pinetorum Greene 3389 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit ground and compressed into cakes for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
33776 | Ribes wolfii Rothrock 3402 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit ground, dried and pressed into cakes for storage. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
34358 | Rubus arizonensis Focke 3443 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit pressed into pulpy cakes, dried and stored. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
38283 | Solanum fendleri Gray ex Torr. 3721 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 42 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Plant dried, stored, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 42 |
38778 | Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray 3806 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
43792 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit pulp ground, made into large cakes and stored indefinitely. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39 |
43793 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit roasted, split, seeds removed and pulp ground into large cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39 |
44270 | Yucca torreyi Shafer 4237 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit pulp ground, made into large cakes and stored indefinitely. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39 |
44271 | Yucca torreyi Shafer 4237 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit roasted, split, seeds removed and pulp ground into large cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39 |
1806 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 30 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Leaf bases pit cooked, made into cakes, dried and used for food. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 30 |
12064 | Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats. 1237 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 41 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Plants pit cooked, formed into cakes, dried and used for food. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41 |
30674 | Prunus sp. 3178 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries ground, formed into cakes and dried. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 48 |
8139 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Apache, San Carlos 13 | h08 174 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits sun dried, made into large cakes and used for food. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257 |
8142 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 178 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Squeezed pulp dried and made into cakes. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178 |
16674 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 184 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal, put into hot water and eaten as a pasty bread. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184 |
29966 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 176 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried seeds pounded into flour, moistened, allowed to harden into cakes and stored. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176 |
1113 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
7431 | Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths 608 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
11694 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 156 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Blossoms baked as parts of certain kinds of cakes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
23526 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
32610 | Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella] 3250 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 148 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns ground into flour and used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 148 |
38772 | Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc. 3805 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
40814 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 161 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161 |
43650 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 161 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161 |
3226 | Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehm. 229 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Parched, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
4439 | Arctostaphylos patula Greene 340 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 138 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries made into flour, molded into cakes and stored for later use. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 138 |
6831 | Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt. 545 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Parched, winnowed, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
6836 | Balsamorhiza hookeri (Hook.) Nutt. 546 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Parched, winnowed, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
6850 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Parched, winnowed, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
9547 | Chenopodium pumilio R. Br. 908 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Parched, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
12372 | Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata 1273 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Parched, winnowed, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
25981 | Perideridia bolanderi (Gray) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr. 2830 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 138 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Stored, dried roots pounded and made into bread. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 138 |
30695 | Prunus subcordata Benth. 3179 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds removed, pulp pounded and stored for winter in small cakes. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
36496 | Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli 3565 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Mashed berries mixed with manzanita flour and stored in dried cakes. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
15625 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 204 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried in cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204 |
34589 | Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray 3457 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 209 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
34950 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 209 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked, dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
42151 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 205 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
42306 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 205 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
7847 | Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene 700 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 24 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots pit roasted and made into loaves. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24 |
2013 | Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Wats.) Kuntze 130 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 36 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seed flour dampened, shaped, dried and eaten as a cookie. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 36 |
30016 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pod meal and water used to make cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
30060 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 118 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pod meal and water used to make cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
31835 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31930 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31992 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32180 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
37531 | Scirpus sp. 3614 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pollen used to make cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139 |
44273 | Yucca whipplei Torr. 4238 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 150 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roasted stalks dried, ground and mixed with water to make cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150 |
3206 | Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. 227 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 45 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Underground fruit used to make bean bread. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 45 |
8417 | Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. 774 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts ground into a meal and used to make bread. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 39 |
10440 | Coix lacryma-jobi L. 1042 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 41 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41 |
15723 | Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch 1707 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with flour or cornmeal, soda and water and made into bread. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 39 |
23487 | Morus rubra L. 2532 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries and poke berries crushed, strained, mixed with sugar and corn meal and made into dumplings. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 48 |
26309 | Phaseolus lunatus L. 2871 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 24 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Beans used to make bean bread. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
26334 | Phaseolus vulgaris L. 2873 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 24 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Beans used to make bean bread. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
28816 | Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. 3048 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 56 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots dried, beaten into flour and used to make bread. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
28817 | Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. 3048 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 47 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots used to make bread. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 47 |
43348 | Vitis aestivalis Michx. 4169 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 60 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit used to make juice and dumplings. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
43412 | Vitis cinerea var. baileyana (Munson) Comeaux 4174 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 60 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit used to make juice and dumplings. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
43434 | Vitis labrusca L. 4176 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 60 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit used to make juice and dumplings. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
43444 | Vitis rotundifolia Michx. 4178 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 60 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit used to make juice and dumplings. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
30750 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits pounded, formed into flat cakes, sun dried and used as a winter food. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35 |
11429 | Crataegus sp. 1131 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 321 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits squeezed, made into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
30241 | Prunus americana Marsh. 3160 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 321 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
30594 | Prunus serotina Ehrh. 3177 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 321 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );