uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
459 rows where use_subcategory = 2 sorted by source
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id | species | tribe | source ▼ | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
33713 | Ribes sanguineum Pursh 3394 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 84 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
34640 | Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray 3457 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 87 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried in rectangular frames and cakes used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87 |
34850 | Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 3463 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 87 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried into cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87 |
35080 | Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. 3472 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 88 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried in cakes, placed in hot water and used for food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 88 |
15637 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15643 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15677 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Quileute 209 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15681 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15686 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Samish 221 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15688 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15692 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Skokomish 243 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15693 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Snohomish 245 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15696 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Swinomish 253 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
8159 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 20 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
16141 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 46 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seed flour mixed with saguaro seed flour, baked on sand and eaten as browned cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46 |
16142 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 37 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into flour and baked on hot sands as browned cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37 |
38866 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22 |
40823 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 38 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Used for making native breads. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 38 |
10305 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Jemez 102 | c30 28 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Green parts boiled, fibrous material removed, molded into cakes and fried in grease, a delicacy. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
2991 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 9 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits sun dried, pounded, formed into patties and stored for winter use. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9 |
7868 | Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene 700 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 14 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Oven baked bulbs squeezed into little cakes or pulverized, formed into round loaves and stored. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
16592 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 30 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds dried, powdered and grease added to make cakes. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 30 |
20755 | Lomatium cous (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose 2234 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots pulverized, moistened, partially baked and made into different sized cakes. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26 |
25734 | Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb. 2783 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 61 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots dried, mashed and used to make cakes or breads. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 61 |
26013 | Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias 2831 | Flathead 76 | h92 30 | 65 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots smashed, formed into small, round cakes, sun dried and stored for winter use. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 65 |
30819 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 42 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries pulverized, shaped into round cakes, sun dried and stored for winter use. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 42 |
42060 | Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr. 4077 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 63 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries used to make pancakes and muffins. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 63 |
2013 | Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Wats.) Kuntze 130 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 36 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seed flour dampened, shaped, dried and eaten as a cookie. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 36 |
30016 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pod meal and water used to make cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
30060 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 118 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pod meal and water used to make cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
31835 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31930 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31992 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32180 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
37531 | Scirpus sp. 3614 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pollen used to make cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139 |
44273 | Yucca whipplei Torr. 4238 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 150 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roasted stalks dried, ground and mixed with water to make cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150 |
11362 | Crataegus douglasii Lindl. 1123 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 124 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed and dried into thin, hard cakes. Sometimes the cakes were decorated. The dried cakes were eaten as a snack on winter evenings and were used as crackers to dip into deer marrow soup to soak up the fat. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124 |
11395 | Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii 1124 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 123 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed and formed into cakes, dried and eaten like cookies. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 123 |
20267 | Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker 2184 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 46 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Bulbs dried into cakes and stored for winter use. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 46 |
30845 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 127 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, seeds and all, and sun dried into thin cakes. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127 |
33347 | Ribes aureum Pursh 3359 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 106 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried berries mixed with other berries and made into cakes. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106 |
33660 | Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott 3386 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries, alone or mixed with other berries, used to make cakes. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107 |
6939 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 491 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds mixed with deer fat or grease, boiled, cooled and made into small cakes. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 491 |
44396 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 67 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into meal and used to make wafer bread. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 67 |
35612 | Salicornia maritima Wolff & Jefferies 3512 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 380 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make a 'sweet bread.' | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380 |
3081 | Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc. 207 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | r32 44 | 101 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried whole or mashed, formed into cakes and dried. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101 |
7909 | Camassia sp. 702 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | r32 44 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Raw or roasted bulbs pulverized, formed into small cakes or balls and dried for storage. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 99 |
7910 | Camassia sp. 702 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | r32 44 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Raw or roasted root pulverized, formed into small cakes or balls and dried for storage. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 99 |
31011 | Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. 3183 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | r32 44 | 101 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, mixed with dried salmon into a pemmican, formed into cakes, dried and stored. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101 |
1113 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
7431 | Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths 608 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
11694 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 156 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Blossoms baked as parts of certain kinds of cakes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
23526 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
32610 | Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella] 3250 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 148 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns ground into flour and used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 148 |
38772 | Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc. 3805 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
40814 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 161 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161 |
43650 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 161 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161 |
8229 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 260 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried, parched, seeds ground to consistency of peanut butter and squeezed into cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260 |
18580 | Juniperus deppeana Steud. 2056 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground berries made into a meal, stored in baskets and later made into a cake by dampening. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
18928 | Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little 2060 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground berries made into a meal, stored in baskets and later made into a cake by dampening. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
24862 | Opuntia sp. 2670 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground fruit made into cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
35538 | Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers. 3502 | Houma 96 | speck41 49 | 55 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh root slices baked and eaten as bread. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 55 |
38167 | Smilax bona-nox L. 3707 | Choctaw 39 | speck41 49 | 58 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Tuberous roots dried, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58 |
38171 | Smilax bona-nox L. 3707 | Houma 96 | speck41 49 | 58 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Tuberous roots dried, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58 |
38210 | Smilax laurifolia L. 3711 | Choctaw 39 | speck41 49 | 58 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Tuberous roots dried, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58 |
38212 | Smilax laurifolia L. 3711 | Houma 96 | speck41 49 | 58 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Tuberous roots dried, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58 |
2035 | Allium anceps Kellogg 133 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Bulbs cooked on hot rocks, squeezed into cakes and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44 |
27865 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 51 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts roasted, winnowed, dried, ground into a meal, made into a stiff flour dough and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 51 |
30943 | Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. 3182 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 49 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, made into round cakes and eaten dry. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
35327 | Rumex crispus L. 3485 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds soaked in water, ground into a doughy flour and baked in the sand. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
41145 | Typha domingensis Pers. 4048 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds gathered into a dough, kneaded, made into flat cakes and roasted under hot coals. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
41146 | Typha domingensis Pers. 4048 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds roasted, winnowed, ground into fine flour, boiled, made into round cakes and sun dried. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
41329 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds gathered into a dough, kneaded, made into flat cakes and roasted under hot coals. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
41330 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds roasted, winnowed, ground into fine flour, boiled, made into round cakes and sun dried. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
1806 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 30 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Leaf bases pit cooked, made into cakes, dried and used for food. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 30 |
12064 | Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats. 1237 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 41 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Plants pit cooked, formed into cakes, dried and used for food. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41 |
30674 | Prunus sp. 3178 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries ground, formed into cakes and dried. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 48 |
15625 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 204 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried in cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204 |
34589 | Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray 3457 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 209 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
34950 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 209 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked, dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
42151 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 205 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
42306 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 205 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
3015 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 38 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries pressed into cakes and used for food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
3040 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 38 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries pressed into cakes and used for food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
15667 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits pressed into cakes and used as a winter food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
15698 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits pressed into cakes and used as a winter food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
30750 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits pounded, formed into flat cakes, sun dried and used as a winter food. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35 |
12057 | Dasylirion texanum Scheele 1236 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 57 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Crowns pit-baked, dried, pounded into flour and made into cakes. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 57 |
12081 | Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats. 1237 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 57 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Crowns pit-baked, dried, pounded into flour and made into cakes. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 57 |
43783 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Apache 10 | bc41 58 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit roasted, pulp made into cakes and stored. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
43868 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Navajo 157 | bc41 58 | 20 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp made into cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 20 |
43926 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Pima 193 | bc41 58 | 16 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried fruit made into cakes. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16 |
43942 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 11 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp mixed with chokecherries and made into cake. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11 |
43943 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 15 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp patted into cakes and dried thoroughly. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15 |
44267 | Yucca torreyi Shafer 4237 | Apache 10 | bc41 58 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit roasted, pulp made into cakes and stored. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
1607 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 10 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds pounded, leached, boiled into a mush, made into a cake and eaten with meat. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10 |
18418 | Juniperus californica Carr. 2053 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries seeded, pounded into a meal, moistened, molded into cakes and dried. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
30039 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 54 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pods crushed into a meal, molded into a dry cake and stored and eaten at a later time. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 54 |
30040 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 54 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds pounded and molded into a cake without cooking. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 54 |
31946 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );