uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
389 rows where use_subcategory = 17 sorted by notes
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes ▼ | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
32211 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 328 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Shoots split into strands and used for twining the rods of baskets and scoops. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
386 | Acacia greggii Gray 15 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 20 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Short transverse sticks affixed to poles and used to dislodge saguaro fruits from the shafts. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
19683 | Larrea tridentata var. tridentata 2102 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 20 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Short transverse sticks affixed to poles and used to dislodge saguaro fruits from the shafts. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
18763 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 93 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Shredded, fibrous bark used as tinder to ignite the fire sticks used for the New Year fire. The bark was also used to make firebrands carried by personators of certain gods. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 93 |
27491 | Pinus contorta var. contorta 2954 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 178 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Smoldering twigs used to singe and trim hair. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 178 |
19684 | Larrea tridentata var. tridentata 2102 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 60 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Smooth sticks used as the shuttles in weaving cotton. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 60 |
12867 | Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow 1353 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used as awls in the making of coiled basketry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
11404 | Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii 1124 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 497 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used as probes for ripe boils and ulcers. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497 |
39639 | Tetradymia axillaris A. Nels. 3913 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 66 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used as tattooing needles. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66 |
39671 | Tetradymia stenolepis Greene 3916 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 66 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used as tattooing needles. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66 |
11388 | Crataegus douglasii Lindl. 1123 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 258 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used for piercing ears. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258 |
24723 | Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. 2665 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 233 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used to prick the design into the skin for tattooing. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 233 |
11389 | Crataegus douglasii Lindl. 1123 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 454 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used to probe ripe boils and ulcers. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 454 |
5369 | Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 399 | Cheyenne 33 | h92 30 | 44 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Sprigs used in sweat lodges to sprinkle water on the rocks. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 44 |
10512 | Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. 1055 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 127 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Sprigs used to sprinkle water on the hot stones of the vapor bath. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127 |
19685 | Larrea tridentata var. tridentata 2102 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 69 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stakes used to stake out sheep hides so they can be made more pliable. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69 |
1796 | Agave palmeri Engelm. 93 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stalk fashioned into hoe handles. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1829 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stalk fashioned into hoe handles. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1830 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stalk fashioned into hoe handles. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
44184 | Yucca glauca Nutt. 4230 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 52 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stalk used as a spindle in making fire by friction. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 52 |
43791 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Apache 10 | bc41 58 | 51 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stalk used to make fire drills. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 51 |
12070 | Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats. 1237 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 41 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stalks dried, split, drilled to make small holes and used as fire drill hearths. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41 |
10293 | Cleome multicaulis DC. 1025 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 51 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stalks used as a drill to start fires. The brittle stalks, about an inch in diameter were used for the drills which were whirled between the palms of the hands and were made to revolve on the edge of a larger stalk into which a notch had been cut. A pinch of sand was sometimes placed under the point of the drill which caused the wood to become a fine powder. This powder then ran down the notch and formed a little pile on the ground. Smoke was produced in less than a minute and in about two minutes tiny sparks dropped onto the pile of dry powder which took fire from them. By carefully feeding the fire with bits of dried bark and grass and with much blowing, a blaze was produced. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 51 |
11887 | Cyperus laevigatus L. 1199 | Hawaiian 90 | a22 68 | 9 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stem fibers used to remove all impurities in liquids. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 9 |
1593 | Adiantum pedatum L. 71 | Pomo 200 | g67 80 | 11 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stem inserted in a pierced ear lobe to keep the wound from closing. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
26590 | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 2901 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 49 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stem split and the sharp edge used at birth to cut the navel cord. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
9317 | Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium 882 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 16 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stem used to draw the pus out of a boil or cut. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16 |
35974 | Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr. 3539 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 22 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stem used to make loom frames. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
36923 | Sambucus sp. 3570 | Iroquois 100 | r45i 116 | 99 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems made into the shuttle used for weaving. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 99 |
387 | Acacia greggii Gray 15 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 69 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems peeled of bark and thorns and used to beat sheep hides to make them more pliable. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69 |
43381 | Vitis californica Benth. 4172 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 62 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used for lashings. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62 |
16315 | Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby 1786 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 86 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used for whirls when making fire by friction. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 86 |
23536 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 42 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used in pierced ears to keep the hole from growing together. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 42 |
35669 | Salix bebbiana Sarg. 3520 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 58 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to make a bead weaving loom. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35773 | Salix discolor Muhl. 3525 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 58 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to make a bead weaving loom. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35907 | Salix interior Rowlee 3534 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 58 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to make a bead weaving loom. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
11121 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 92 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to make drying frames for beaver skins. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 92 |
10106 | Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kkenth. 987 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 172 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to make medicine tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 172 |
26620 | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 2901 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 172 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to make medicine tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 172 |
36768 | Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli 3566 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 172 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to make medicine tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 172 |
4362 | Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. 335 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to make small tools. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4380 | Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. 336 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to make small tools. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4470 | Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth 343 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to make small tools. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
13500 | Equisetum sp. 1428 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 497 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to sharpen and polish bone. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497 |
35651 | Salix amygdaloides Anderss. 3518 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 37 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Sticks bent and used to remove hair from hides. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 37 |
26395 | Philadelphus lewisii Pursh 2875 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 77 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Sticks used as digging sticks, one of the principal tools. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 77 |
30724 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 104 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Sticks used to dig roots. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
28638 | Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville 3025 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 249 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Sticks used to peg a hide to the ground while stretching it during tanning. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 249 |
33495 | Ribes divaricatum Dougl. 3368 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 84 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stiff, sharp thorns used as probes for boils, for removing splinters and for tattooing. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33570 | Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. 3375 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 84 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stiff, sharp thorns used as probes for boils, for removing splinters and for tattooing. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33626 | Ribes lobbii Gray 3378 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 84 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stiff, sharp thorns used as probes for boils, for removing splinters and for tattooing. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
30903 | Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. 3182 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 54 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Straight stems used to make gun cleaners. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 54 |
438 | Acer glabrum Torr. 23 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 200 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Straight sticks tied around a tree base, ignited and burned until the tree fell. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200 |
26591 | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 2901 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 49 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Straight, rigid, hollow, bamboolike stems used in the making of fire drills. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
11390 | Crataegus douglasii Lindl. 1123 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 258 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Strong wood used for digging sticks and axe handles. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258 |
37148 | Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. 3586 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 74 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Strong wood used for rabbit sticks, planting sticks, lease rods and clothes hooks. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74 |
5647 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 13 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Tarlike lac gathered into a ball, softened in fire and shaped into awl and knife handles. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
43818 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 212 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Terminal spines used as needles. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212 |
29320 | Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw 3097 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 134 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thin board of wood placed at the top of a cradle to flatten a child's head. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 134 |
12868 | Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow 1353 | Panamint 187 | k52 163 | 83 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns formerly used as awls in basket making. | Kirk, R.E., 1952, Panamint Basketry, Masterkey 26(76-86):, page 83 |
1770 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 31 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used as awls in basket making. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 |
11430 | Crataegus sp. 1131 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 377 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used as awls. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
24700 | Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata 2662 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 55 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used as sewing needles and for tattooing. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55 |
1771 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 31 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used as tool for tattooing. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 |
24616 | Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck 2653 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 56 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used for needles. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56 |
14826 | Fouquieria splendens Engelm. 1630 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 51 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used to pierce the ears of both sexes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51 |
30030 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 107 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used to puncture the skin for tattooing. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
39499 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 271 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Trees used to measure strength. Men who could twist a yew tree from crown to butt were considered very strong. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271 |
8190 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago and Pima 189 | cb37 151 | 14 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Trunks used to make cactus fruit picking poles. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 14 |
33171 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 231 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Twigs made into a seed-fan and used to beat the seeds off plants. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231 |
27301 | Picea sp. 2939 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Twigs used as beaters to make a high, stiff, lasting lather of yucca roots and water. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
37170 | Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. 3586 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 69 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Twigs used as needles in the manufacture of tule and cattail mats. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 69 |
27931 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 18 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Twigs used as twirling sticks in fire making. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18 |
27981 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 18 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Twigs used for twirling sticks in fire production. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
32340 | Quercus pungens Liebm. 3284 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 64 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Twigs used to tie warp of rugs to beam while weaving. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64 |
16140 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 62 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Twisted, soaked in mutton tallow and used as a lampwick for soldering. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 62 |
30118 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 32 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Two foot long, sword shaped slabs sharpened and used as weed hoes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 32 |
30429 | Prunus fasciculata (Torr.) Gray 3167 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 55 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a drill in fire making. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 55 |
13333 | Equisetum arvense L. 1421 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 49 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a file. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49 |
6367 | Asclepias verticillata L. 448 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 18 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a planting stick. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 18 |
18635 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 330 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a rake for clearing brush from the fields. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 330 |
18751 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Tewa 257 | c74 82 | 330 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a rake for clearing brush from the fields. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 330 |
8903 | Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. 841 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 98 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a root digger or Camas stick. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98 |
18387 | Juncus sp. 2048 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 31 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a sandpaper for smoothing bows. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31 |
28647 | Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville 3025 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 59 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a spindle for spinning cotton. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59 |
5603 | Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. 406 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 17 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a steambath switch. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17 |
19874 | Ledum palustre L. 2126 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 16 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a switch in the sweathouse. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16 |
19422 | Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. 2090 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 93 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as pottery scrapers. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 93 |
5648 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 13 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as preferred material for foreshaft of composite drill for the fire making. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
16161 | Gramineae sp. 1770 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 8 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as trail markers. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8 |
32429 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 378 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used for awls. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378 |
14802 | Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens 1626 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 319 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used for digging stick. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 319 |
12590 | Dipsacus fullonum L. 1316 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 78 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to card wool. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 78 |
18342 | Juncus balticus Willd. 2038 | Pomo 200 | g67 80 | 12 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to hold drilled clamshell beads in place when rolled on a stone slab to smooth them. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12 |
44258 | Yucca sp. 4236 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 34 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make a brush to apply colored clays to pottery. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34 |
15211 | Fraxinus americana L. 1655 | Micmac 141 | sd51 182 | 258 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make axe and knife handles. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
32468 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 40 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make batten stick for weaving. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 40 |
39500 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 285 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make curved digging sticks for prying wild clover roots. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285 |
32420 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 41 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make digging sticks and wooden tweezers. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41 |
39544 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 16 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make digging sticks for roots and clams. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );