uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
389 rows where use_subcategory = 17 sorted by tribe
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id | species | tribe ▼ | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
39473 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 48 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Extremely strong & resilient wood used for implements requiring strength; wedges & mat pressers. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48 |
39474 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 48 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Extremely strong and resilient wood used to make sticks for prying open mussels and chitons. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48 |
40022 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Long, dried kindling tied with cedar bark & used as torch to burn out excess wood in making a canoe. There is a story about Deer and the Chickadees in which Deer was using such a bundle of cedar pieces while making a canoe. He became so absorbed in watching the dancing of the Chickadees that he burned right through the bottom of the canoe. Turner's informant Alice Paul pointed out that a deer is still like that--when he sees anything moving, he stares at it. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
6367 | Asclepias verticillata L. 448 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 18 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a planting stick. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 18 |
8972 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 298 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make implements. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 298 |
14802 | Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens 1626 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 319 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used for digging stick. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 319 |
14803 | Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens 1626 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 87 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for digging sticks. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 87 |
18635 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 330 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a rake for clearing brush from the fields. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 330 |
19422 | Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. 2090 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 93 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as pottery scrapers. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 93 |
21884 | Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde 2372 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 76 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make various tools. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 76 |
27955 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 63 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make ladders. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 |
28075 | Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. 2970 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 348 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make kiva ladders. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 348 |
29552 | Populus sp. 3105 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 346 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make fire spindle and sometimes the hearth. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 346 |
30529 | Prunus persica (L.) Batsch 3173 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 79 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make weaving batons. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 79 |
37148 | Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. 3586 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 74 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Strong wood used for rabbit sticks, planting sticks, lease rods and clothes hooks. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74 |
37149 | Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. 3586 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 162 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make planting sticks and poorer boomerangs. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162 |
37150 | Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. 3586 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 162 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make planting sticks and poorer boomerangs. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162 |
37151 | Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. 3586 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 358 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for planting and lease rods. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 358 |
15323 | Fraxinus velutina Torr. 1662 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 25 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood made into long prongs used to pick from saguaro cacti and pinyon pine trees. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 25 |
15324 | Fraxinus velutina Torr. 1662 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 25 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make a sharp tool for gathering mescal agave. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 25 |
10933 | Cornus obliqua Raf. 1097 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 54 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Branches used to stretch rat skins while drying. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 54 |
36923 | Sambucus sp. 3570 | Iroquois 100 | r45i 116 | 99 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems made into the shuttle used for weaving. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 99 |
32077 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 41 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make handles and other wooden portions of various implements. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
33145 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Jemez 102 | c30 28 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Branches used to make hoe handles. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
2515 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 16 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Water soaked stems used for lashing in the sweat house. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16 |
4199 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 17 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Leaves used to test the temperature of pitch used in canoe construction. The pitch was ready to use when the leaf turned black. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17 |
8973 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 384 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Hard wood used to make digging sticks. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384 |
31278 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 379 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make the hook for climbing sugar pine trees. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
36059 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 381 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Roots used to make the fire drill. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
36097 | Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. 3550 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 381 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Roots used as a fire drill. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
36098 | Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. 3550 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 381 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Whole plant beaten with a stick to make the wind blow on hot days. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
39488 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 379 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Bark used as the handle for stone knives. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
39489 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 57 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make various tools. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57 |
43381 | Vitis californica Benth. 4172 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 62 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used for lashings. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62 |
5646 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 13 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Bitter wood used as a head scratcher by menstruating women. Any other kind of wood would cause the hair to fall out and the face to wrinkle. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
5647 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 13 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Tarlike lac gathered into a ball, softened in fire and shaped into awl and knife handles. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
5648 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 13 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as preferred material for foreshaft of composite drill for the fire making. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
12867 | Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow 1353 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used as awls in the making of coiled basketry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
13122 | Ephedra californica S. Wats. 1401 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing. The charcoal was mashed, a little water added and a design made with it on the skin. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
13138 | Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. 1403 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
13191 | Ephedra viridis Coville 1407 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
14012 | Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium (Benth.) Torr. & Gray 1507 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 29 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to pierce ears. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29 |
15230 | Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 1658 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 32 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Peeled pole, ten or more feet in length, used to knock down pinyon cones. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
17397 | Hordeum jubatum L. 1908 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 34 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to rub the skin off yucca stalks. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 34 |
19594 | Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville 2101 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 36 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Gumlike substance gathered into a ball, softened in fire and shaped into awl and knife handles. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36 |
19595 | Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville 2101 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 36 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make a pointed digging stick. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36 |
23536 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 42 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used in pierced ears to keep the hole from growing together. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 42 |
26590 | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 2901 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 49 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stem split and the sharp edge used at birth to cut the navel cord. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
26591 | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 2901 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 49 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Straight, rigid, hollow, bamboolike stems used in the making of fire drills. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
30429 | Prunus fasciculata (Torr.) Gray 3167 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 55 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a drill in fire making. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 55 |
30903 | Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. 3182 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 54 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Straight stems used to make gun cleaners. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 54 |
35699 | Salix bonplandiana Kunth 3521 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 61 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make long needles for sewing tule into mats. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
35804 | Salix exigua Nutt. 3527 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 61 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make long needles for sewing tule into mats. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
39639 | Tetradymia axillaris A. Nels. 3913 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 66 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used as tattooing needles. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66 |
39671 | Tetradymia stenolepis Greene 3916 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 66 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used as tattooing needles. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66 |
8948 | Cercocarpus montanus Raf. 842 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 35 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Dried sticks used as spindles for fire by friction. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
8949 | Cercocarpus montanus Raf. 842 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 35 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood made into small tools. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
24616 | Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck 2653 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 56 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used for needles. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56 |
24700 | Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata 2662 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 55 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used as sewing needles and for tattooing. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55 |
32340 | Quercus pungens Liebm. 3284 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 64 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Twigs used to tie warp of rugs to beam while weaving. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64 |
32341 | Quercus pungens Liebm. 3284 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 64 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for tool handles. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64 |
44122 | Yucca glauca Nutt. 4230 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 76 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Flower stalks used as spindles to start fire by friction. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76 |
9102 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 313 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make adze handles. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313 |
5657 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 105 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Dead stems used as twirling sticks. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105 |
8903 | Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. 841 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 98 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a root digger or Camas stick. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98 |
8904 | Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. 841 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 98 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make root diggers or camas sticks. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98 |
27107 | Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. 2935 | Koyukon 118 | n83 158 | 49 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make drying racks. | Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49 |
11068 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Kutenai 120 | h92 30 | 21 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make pelt stretchers. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21 |
40051 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Kwakiutl 121 | b66 148 | 8 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for making implements. | Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 8 |
17318 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 288 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288 |
27432 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make cedar bark peelers, digging sticks and board bending tools. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
39058 | Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake 3849 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 280 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Branch tips ignited and used for cauterizing. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280 |
39499 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 271 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Trees used to measure strength. Men who could twist a yew tree from crown to butt were considered very strong. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271 |
39500 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 285 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make curved digging sticks for prying wild clover roots. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285 |
39501 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 267 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used as a barklifter to peel red cedar bark off the trees. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 267 |
39502 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 271 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make fire tongs. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271 |
27495 | Pinus contorta var. contorta 2954 | Kwakwaka'wakw 123 | c93 14 | 70 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make implements. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 70 |
6779 | Baccharis douglasii DC. 531 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 209 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for drilling fires. A small hole was made in a flat, extremely dry stick. The drill, a short piece of wood, was inserted into the hole and twirled to form the dust which would ignite if conditions were dry and favorable. No tinder was used. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 209 |
33171 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 231 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Twigs made into a seed-fan and used to beat the seeds off plants. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231 |
26381 | Philadelphus lewisii Pursh 2875 | Lummi 129 | g73 25 | 31 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for netting shuttles and knitting needles. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 31 |
25129 | Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch 2705 | Malecite 134 | sd52 78 | 6 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make utensil handles. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
1614 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 366 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used as twirling sticks for making fire by friction. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366 |
4206 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 374 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make saw handles and other tools. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
8979 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 354 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood formerly used to make tools for digging Indian potatoes and worms out of the ground. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354 |
15231 | Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 1658 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 378 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make handles and small tools. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
1659 | Aesculus sp. 79 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 325 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make the fire drill. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 325 |
8634 | Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. 808 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 328 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
8662 | Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn. 813 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 328 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
32211 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 328 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Shoots split into strands and used for twining the rods of baskets and scoops. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
15211 | Fraxinus americana L. 1655 | Micmac 141 | sd51 182 | 258 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make axe and knife handles. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
8635 | Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. 808 | Modesse 145 | m66 109 | 223 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood made into the slender needle used in piercing the ear lobe of young girls. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
8982 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Modesse 145 | m66 109 | 223 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for digging sticks. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
32875 | Rhus aromatica Ait. 3344 | Modesse 145 | m66 109 | 223 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood made into the large plug used to keep the pierced ear lobe open on young girls. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
5662 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 7 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Dead twigs used for a twirling stick in fire making. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
6226 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 7 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | 'Milk' from the broken stems used in cases of emergency for branding stock temporarily. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
8906 | Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. 841 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 9 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Hard, enduring wood used for making 'camas sticks.' | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9 |
11394 | Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii 1124 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 11 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for making 'camas sticks' for digging these and other roots. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11 |
27981 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 18 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Twigs used for twirling sticks in fire production. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
36223 | Salix sp. 3551 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 67 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make scrapers for removing hair from hides. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
36563 | Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli 3565 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 23 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used as a twirling stick in fire making. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );