uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
389 rows where use_subcategory = 17 sorted by pageno
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno ▼ | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8635 | Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. 808 | Modesse 145 | m66 109 | 223 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood made into the slender needle used in piercing the ear lobe of young girls. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
8982 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Modesse 145 | m66 109 | 223 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for digging sticks. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
32875 | Rhus aromatica Ait. 3344 | Modesse 145 | m66 109 | 223 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood made into the large plug used to keep the pierced ear lobe open on young girls. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
8871 | Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins 838 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 226 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make tool handles. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 226 |
39514 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 226 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make chest high digging sticks. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 226 |
15269 | Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1660 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 23 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make handles and ball bats. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
36563 | Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli 3565 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 23 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used as a twirling stick in fire making. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23 |
26414 | Philadelphus lewisii Pursh 2875 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 230 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Hard wood used for making knitting needles. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230 |
16136 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 231 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Cotton twisted into thread, braided into a thick cord and used in the strike-a-light. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 231 |
33171 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 231 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Twigs made into a seed-fan and used to beat the seeds off plants. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231 |
24723 | Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. 2665 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 233 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used to prick the design into the skin for tattooing. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 233 |
15285 | Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1660 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 235 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for handles of various tools, such as hoes or axes. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235 |
8636 | Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. 808 | Paiute 183 | stew33 65 | 244 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 244 |
6783 | Baccharis emoryi Gray 532 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 246 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make planting sticks. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 246 |
28638 | Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville 3025 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 249 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Sticks used to peg a hide to the ground while stretching it during tanning. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 249 |
15323 | Fraxinus velutina Torr. 1662 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 25 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood made into long prongs used to pick from saguaro cacti and pinyon pine trees. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 25 |
15324 | Fraxinus velutina Torr. 1662 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 25 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make a sharp tool for gathering mescal agave. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 25 |
5059 | Artemisia douglasiana Bess. 394 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 254 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Burned branches used to smoke bees from nests. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254 |
11388 | Crataegus douglasii Lindl. 1123 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 258 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used for piercing ears. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258 |
11390 | Crataegus douglasii Lindl. 1123 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 258 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Strong wood used for digging sticks and axe handles. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258 |
15211 | Fraxinus americana L. 1655 | Micmac 141 | sd51 182 | 258 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make axe and knife handles. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
35962 | Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr. 3539 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 26 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make drills for fire drills. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
17334 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 263 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make knitting needles. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 263 |
4907 | Aristolochia sp. 375 | Wintoon 281 | m66 109 | 264 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Nuts used by children in play for blowing. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
8983 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Wintoon 281 | m66 109 | 264 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
22220 | Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. 2391 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 265 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make root digging sticks. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
22221 | Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. 2391 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 265 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make sledgehammer handles and mallet heads. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
39501 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 267 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used as a barklifter to peel red cedar bark off the trees. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 267 |
1622 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make a drill stick and block for making fires. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 27 |
12867 | Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow 1353 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used as awls in the making of coiled basketry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
13122 | Ephedra californica S. Wats. 1401 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing. The charcoal was mashed, a little water added and a design made with it on the skin. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
13138 | Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. 1403 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
13191 | Ephedra viridis Coville 1407 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
32127 | Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. 3265 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
33145 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Jemez 102 | c30 28 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Branches used to make hoe handles. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
44476 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Cobs used to beat leather while dyeing. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27 |
39499 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 271 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Trees used to measure strength. Men who could twist a yew tree from crown to butt were considered very strong. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271 |
39502 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 271 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make fire tongs. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271 |
29351 | Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw 3097 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 276 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Dried root used as a drill in making friction fires. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276 |
6519 | Astragalus miser Dougl. 484 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 28 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Plant used to wipe the juice from the lodgepole pine bark before the cambium was scraped off. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
39058 | Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake 3849 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 280 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Branch tips ignited and used for cauterizing. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280 |
39500 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 285 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make curved digging sticks for prying wild clover roots. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285 |
35967 | Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr. 3539 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 287 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make mallet heads. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 287 |
8669 | Ceanothus oliganthus Nutt. 815 | Pomo 200 | m66 109 | 288 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make the fire drill. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 288 |
17318 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 288 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288 |
17354 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Salish 216 | tb73 63 | 288 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288 |
14012 | Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium (Benth.) Torr. & Gray 1507 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 29 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to pierce ears. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29 |
27432 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make cedar bark peelers, digging sticks and board bending tools. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
8972 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 298 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make implements. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 298 |
8963 | Cercocarpus montanus Raf. 842 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 30 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make tool handles and weaving combs. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
40414 | Torreya californica Torr. 3966 | Pomo 200 | c02 89 | 305 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Rigid, sharp-pointed leaves formerly used as needles to prick pitch soot into the skin in tattooing. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305 |
1770 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 31 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used as awls in basket making. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 |
1771 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 31 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used as tool for tattooing. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 |
18387 | Juncus sp. 2048 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 31 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a sandpaper for smoothing bows. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31 |
24361 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 31 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Four foot sticks with sharp points used as digging sticks. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 31 |
26381 | Philadelphus lewisii Pursh 2875 | Lummi 129 | g73 25 | 31 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for netting shuttles and knitting needles. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 31 |
9102 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 313 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make adze handles. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313 |
40288 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Tsimshian 267 | c93 14 | 315 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make woodworking tools. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315 |
14802 | Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens 1626 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 319 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used for digging stick. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 319 |
10767 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 32 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make loom shuttles. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32 |
10886 | Cornus florida L. 1093 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 32 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make loom shuttles. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32 |
15230 | Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 1658 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 32 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Peeled pole, ten or more feet in length, used to knock down pinyon cones. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
30038 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 32 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make knives for cutting yucca stalks, pottery paddles & tools for digging pottery clay. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 32 |
30118 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 32 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Two foot long, sword shaped slabs sharpened and used as weed hoes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 32 |
33391 | Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook. 3361 | Quileute 209 | g73 25 | 32 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Pithless stems used as tubes to inflate seal paunches made into oil containers. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32 |
1659 | Aesculus sp. 79 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 325 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make the fire drill. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 325 |
8634 | Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. 808 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 328 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
8662 | Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn. 813 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 328 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
32211 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 328 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Shoots split into strands and used for twining the rods of baskets and scoops. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
18635 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 330 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a rake for clearing brush from the fields. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 330 |
18751 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Tewa 257 | c74 82 | 330 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a rake for clearing brush from the fields. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 330 |
17397 | Hordeum jubatum L. 1908 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 34 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to rub the skin off yucca stalks. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 34 |
27287 | Picea sp. 2939 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 34 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Logs and poles used for making kayak parts, tool handles and other utilitarian objects. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
44258 | Yucca sp. 4236 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 34 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make a brush to apply colored clays to pottery. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34 |
29552 | Populus sp. 3105 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 346 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make fire spindle and sometimes the hearth. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 346 |
28075 | Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. 2970 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 348 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make kiva ladders. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 348 |
8948 | Cercocarpus montanus Raf. 842 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 35 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Dried sticks used as spindles for fire by friction. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
8949 | Cercocarpus montanus Raf. 842 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 35 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood made into small tools. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
32413 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 35 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Branches used to dig out crowns of the mescal plants. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 35 |
40022 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Long, dried kindling tied with cedar bark & used as torch to burn out excess wood in making a canoe. There is a story about Deer and the Chickadees in which Deer was using such a bundle of cedar pieces while making a canoe. He became so absorbed in watching the dancing of the Chickadees that he burned right through the bottom of the canoe. Turner's informant Alice Paul pointed out that a deer is still like that--when he sees anything moving, he stares at it. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
8979 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 354 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood formerly used to make tools for digging Indian potatoes and worms out of the ground. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354 |
37151 | Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. 3586 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 358 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for planting and lease rods. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 358 |
19594 | Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville 2101 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 36 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Gumlike substance gathered into a ball, softened in fire and shaped into awl and knife handles. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36 |
19595 | Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville 2101 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 36 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make a pointed digging stick. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36 |
1614 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 366 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used as twirling sticks for making fire by friction. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366 |
29562 | Populus sp. 3105 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 37 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make the frame of the loom. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 37 |
35651 | Salix amygdaloides Anderss. 3518 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 37 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Sticks bent and used to remove hair from hides. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 37 |
4206 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 374 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make saw handles and other tools. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
11430 | Crataegus sp. 1131 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 377 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used as awls. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
15231 | Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 1658 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 378 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make handles and small tools. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
32429 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 378 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used for awls. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378 |
31278 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 379 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make the hook for climbing sugar pine trees. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
39488 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 379 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Bark used as the handle for stone knives. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
8279 | Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell. 762 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 38 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make tool handles. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38 |
8325 | Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don 766 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 38 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make tool handles. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38 |
8394 | Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. 768 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 38 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make tool handles. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38 |
22273 | Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. 2391 | Quileute 209 | g73 25 | 38 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make mauls for driving stakes. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38 |
29458 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 38 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make wooden tubes for the bellows used in silversmithing. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
36235 | Salix sp. 3551 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 38 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Branches made into heddle sticks and used in weaving. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
36236 | Salix sp. 3551 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 38 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Branches made into hoops and used inside the buckskin sack of a bellows. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );