uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
170 rows where use_subcategory = 15 sorted by pageno
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno ▼ | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18956 | Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. 2062 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 4 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken as a sedative. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4 |
20566 | Lithospermum incisum Lehm. 2216 | Cheyenne 33 | g05 13 | 40, 41 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Decoction of root rubbed on one who was 'irrational by reason of illness.' | Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 40, 41 |
10804 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Iroquois 100 | h77 7 | 402 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of bark used as wash to make babies sleep. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 402 |
37635 | Sedum spathulifolium Hook. 3636 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 41 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of whole plant used as a wash for babies with extreme nervousness. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41 |
37644 | Sedum spathulifolium Hook. 3636 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 41 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of whole plant used as a wash for babies with extreme nervousness. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41 |
11918 | Cypripedium acaule Ait. 1205 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 42 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Roots used for 'fits' and 'hysterical affections.' | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42 |
11937 | Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. 1208 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 42 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Roots used for 'fits' and 'hysterical affections.' | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42 |
19377 | Lactuca canadensis L. 2084 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 42 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion given 'for calming nerves' and 'produces sleep.' | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42 |
23670 | Nepeta cataria L. 2574 | Iroquois 100 | h77 7 | 423 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Decoction of plant tips given to children when peevish. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 423 |
30209 | Prunella vulgaris L. 3159 | Iroquois 100 | h77 7 | 424 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Compound infusion of plants given to babies that cry too much. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 424 |
9826 | Cibotium chamissoi Kaulfuss 938 | Hawaiian 90 | a22 68 | 43 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Very fine, downy hairs burned and the heat applied for nervousness. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 43 |
14123 | Eriogonum rotundifolium Benth. 1529 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 43 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of roots used for lightning shock. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 43 |
23900 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 43 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Plant used as a soporific. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43 |
20338 | Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. 2197 | Iroquois 100 | h77 7 | 433 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Compound infusion of plants and flowers given to babies that cry too much. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 433 |
15713 | Gaura mollis James 1706 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 44 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Fresh leaves used in pillows to overcome insomnia. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
21088 | Lonicera canadensis Bartr. ex Marsh. 2258 | Iroquois 100 | h77 7 | 443 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of bark given to children who cry all night. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 443 |
21225 | Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook. 2267 | Iroquois 100 | h77 7 | 443 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of bark taken for restlessness. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 443 |
20389 | Linnaea borealis ssp. longiflora (Torr.) Hult‚n 2202 | Iroquois 100 | h77 7 | 444 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Decoction of twigs given to children for crying. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 444 |
19897 | Leonurus cardiaca L. 2131 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 45 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Given for 'nervous and hysterical affections' and taken as a stimulant. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45 |
38394 | Solidago canadensis L. 3734 | Iroquois 100 | h77 7 | 461 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Compound infusion of tubers given to babies that start suddenly during sleep. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 461 |
37643 | Sedum spathulifolium Hook. 3636 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 462 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Decoction of whole plant used as a wash to soothe cross babies. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |
38162 | Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie ex Small 3704 | Iroquois 100 | h77 7 | 467 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Dried root smoke used as rub to sleep without being disturbed by ghosts. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 467 |
3659 | Anthemis cotula L. 282 | Iroquois 100 | h77 7 | 472 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Cold infusion of dried roots and stems taken as a sedative. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 472 |
38500 | Sonchus asper (L.) Hill 3754 | Iroquois 100 | h77 7 | 478 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Compound infusion given to babies 'who cry until they hold their breath.' | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 478 |
15745 | Gaylussacia sp. 1708 | Chickasaw 35 | t40 115 | 48 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Roots used for delirium. | Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 48 |
22813 | Mentha spicata L. 2445 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 48, 49 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Taken for hysterics. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48, 49 |
22848 | Mentha ?piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica ? spicata] 2442 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 48, 49 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Taken for hysterics. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48, 49 |
10711 | Cordyline fruticosa (L.) Chev. 1077 | Hawaiian 90 | a22 68 | 49 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Leaves made into a wreath and worn to provide a restful condition of the nerves and body. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 49 |
27739 | Pinus glabra Walt. 2962 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 49 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Given for hysterics. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
28287 | Pinus virginiana P. Mill. 2979 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 49 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Given for hysterics. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
20481 | Liriodendron tulipifera L. 2211 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 50 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Used for 'women with hysterics and weakness.' | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
25483 | Papaver somniferum L. 2744 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 50, 51 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Large dose used for pain, to produce sleep and soothe and tranquilize the system. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50, 51 |
6061 | Asarum caudatum Lindl. 422 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 508 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Whole plant or stems put in infant's bed to quiet baby and for illness. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508 |
33529 | Ribes hudsonianum Richards. 3371 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 509 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Sprigs placed in baby's carrier to quiet child. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 509 |
23151 | Mitchella repens L. 2494 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 51 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of leaves taken 'to cure insomnia.' | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 51 |
21601 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Gitksan 78 | s29 9 | 52, 53 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Smoke of root inhaled for bad dreams, influenza and rheumatism. | Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53 |
35531 | Ruta graveolens L. 3501 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 53 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Added to whiskey and taken for hysterics. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53 |
36454 | Salvia lyrata L. 3560 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 53 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion taken for nervous debility. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53 |
36476 | Salvia officinalis L. 3562 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 53 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion taken for nervous debility. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53 |
23333 | Monarda sp. 2509 | Creek 59 | t40 115 | 54 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Decoction of plant used for delirium. | Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 54 |
8041 | Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood 730 | Micmac 141 | cfh79 35 | 56 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Root used as a sedative. | Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56 |
11923 | Cypripedium acaule Ait. 1205 | Micmac 141 | cfh79 35 | 56 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Root used for nervousness. | Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56 |
25215 | Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. 2713 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 56 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion taken for nerves. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
14971 | Fragaria virginiana Duchesne 1640 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 57 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion taken to calm nerves. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
42568 | Valeriana uliginosa (Torr. & Gray) Rydb. 4097 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 57 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Plant used as a 'feeble sedative to the nervous system.' | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 57 |
20455 | Liquidambar styraciflua L. 2210 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 58 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of bark given to nervous patients. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58 |
12232 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Tubatulabal 269 | v38 137 | 59 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Cold infusion of plant taken to fall into a stupor. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 59 |
38496 | Sonchus arvensis L. 3753 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 59 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion taken to calm nerves. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
37545 | Scirpus sp. 3614 | Houma 96 | speck41 49 | 60 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Decoction of plant given to nervous, fretful, crying children. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60 |
31090 | Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium 3194 | Alabama 3 | t40 115 | 61 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Decoction of plant used as a face wash for nerves and insomnia. | Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61 |
36733 | Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli 3566 | Micmac 141 | cfh79 35 | 61 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Berries, bark and flower used as a soporific and purgative. | Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61 |
764 | Achillea millefolium L. 38 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 62 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion taken for restful sleep. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62 |
8642 | Ceanothus fendleri Gray 809 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 62 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Compound infusion taken and poultice of plants applied for nervousness. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 62 |
43693 | Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh. 4213 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 62 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion taken for nerves. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62 |
19191 | Juniperus virginiana L. 2064 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 63, 64 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Smoke from burning twigs used for nervousness and bad dreams. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64 |
32754 | Ratibida tagetes (James) Barnh. 3323 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 65 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of plant used for epileptic fits. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 65 |
14257 | Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. 1551 | Creek 59 | swan28 128 | 655656 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Plant used to produce a feeling of peace and tranquility. | Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655656 |
3554 | Angelica sp. 267 | Creek 59 | swan28 128 | 657 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Roots used for hysterics. | Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 657 |
31115 | Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium 3194 | Creek 59 | swan28 128 | 661 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Decoction of plant tops taken and used as a wash for old people unable to sleep. | Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 661 |
31089 | Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium 3194 | Alabama 3 | swan28 128 | 663664 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Compound decoction of plant used many ways for nervousness or sleeplessness. | Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663664 |
23650 | Nepeta cataria L. 2574 | Delaware, Ontario 64 | t42 22 | 67 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of leaves given to soothe infants. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 67 |
15559 | Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow 1699 | Anticosti 9 | r46 150 | 68 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Used to facilitate sleeping. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 68 |
14393 | Eschscholzia sp. 1569 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 73 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Plant used as a sedative for babies. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 73 |
20454 | Liquidambar styraciflua L. 2210 | Cherokee 32 | w47 105 | 74 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Gum used as a 'drawing plaster' and infusion of inner bark used for nervous patients. | Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74 |
17449 | Humulus lupulus L. 1920 | Mohegan 149 | t72 97 | 74, 130 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of blossoms taken for nervous tension. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130 |
44055 | Yucca filamentosa L. 4229 | Cherokee 32 | w47 105 | 75 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Used as a soporific. | Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 75 |
37943 | Shinnersoseris rostrata (Gray) S. Tomb 3662 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 88 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Plant smoked as a sedative. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 88 |
14373 | Eschscholzia californica Cham. 1567 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 9 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Flowers laid underneath bed to put child to sleep. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 9 |
15170 | Frasera speciosa Dougl. ex Griseb. 1654 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 97 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Plant used for alarm and nervousness. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97 |
19902 | Leonurus cardiaca L. 2131 | Iroquois 100 | r45i 116 | 98 | Drug 2 | Sedative 15 | Infusion of dried plant taken as a tonic for nerves. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 98 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );