uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
134 rows where use_subcategory = 113
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id ▼ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
394 | Acacia greggii Gray 15 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 7 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds used as 'starvation food.' | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
1126 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | j38 191 | 43 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Plants formerly used for food during famines. | Jones, Volney H., 1938, An Ancient Food Plant of the Southwest and Plateau Regions, El Palacio 44:41-53, page 43 |
1127 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | j38 191 | 43 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Plants formerly used for food during famines. | Jones, Volney H., 1938, An Ancient Food Plant of the Southwest and Plateau Regions, El Palacio 44:41-53, page 43 |
1128 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | j38 191 | 43 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Plants formerly used for food during famines. | Jones, Volney H., 1938, An Ancient Food Plant of the Southwest and Plateau Regions, El Palacio 44:41-53, page 43 |
1129 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | j38 191 | 43 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Plants formerly used for food during famines. | Jones, Volney H., 1938, An Ancient Food Plant of the Southwest and Plateau Regions, El Palacio 44:41-53, page 43 |
1130 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | j38 191 | 43 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Plants formerly used for food during famines. | Jones, Volney H., 1938, An Ancient Food Plant of the Southwest and Plateau Regions, El Palacio 44:41-53, page 43 |
1131 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 338 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds eaten, especially in time of famine. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 338 |
1132 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 65 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds used during famines. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 65 |
1617 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Modesse 145 | m66 109 | 223 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Nuts eaten in times of need. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
1748 | Agave americana L. 89 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 70 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Used for food in times of famine. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 70 |
1947 | Alectoria fremontii Tuckerm. 116 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 5 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Long, black, hair-like lichen used as a famine food. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5 |
2018 | Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Wats.) Kuntze 130 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 6 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds used as 'starvation food.' | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 6 |
2044 | Allium bisceptrum var. palmeri (S. Wats.) Cronq. 135 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 211 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Bulbs eaten only when very hungry. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 211 |
2693 | Amaranthus acanthochiton Sauer 183 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 74 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Used numerous times to ward off famines. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74 |
2982 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 36 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Berries dried and eaten during famines. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 36 |
3693 | Apios americana Medik. 289 | Huron 99 | a54 123 | 63 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Roots used with acorns during famine. | Aller, Wilma F., 1954, Aboriginal Food Utilization of Vegetation by the Indians of the Great Lake Region As Recorded in the Jesuit Relations, Wisconsin Archeologist 35:59-73, page 63 |
3988 | Arachis hypogaea L. 315 | Huron 99 | a54 123 | 63 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Roots used with acorns during famine. | Aller, Wilma F., 1954, Aboriginal Food Utilization of Vegetation by the Indians of the Great Lake Region As Recorded in the Jesuit Relations, Wisconsin Archeologist 35:59-73, page 63 |
4603 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 40 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Berries eaten raw or fried during famines. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40 |
5730 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Paiute 183 | stew33 65 | 243 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds used, generally mixed with other seeds, in times of food shortages. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 243 |
6687 | Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S. Wats. 508 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 66 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Tiny seeds formerly roasted and eaten during famines. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 66 |
6689 | Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S. Wats. 508 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 6 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds used as 'starvation food.' | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 6 |
6705 | Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Wats. 511 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 67 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds formerly roasted, ground and eaten during famines. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 67 |
6798 | Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav¢n) Pers. 535 | Mohave 147 | cb51 125 | 201 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Young shoots roasted and eaten as a famine food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 201 |
6800 | Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav¢n) Pers. 535 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 201 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Young shoots roasted and eaten as a famine food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 201 |
6943 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 175 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Dried seed flour eaten as porridge, especially in times of famine. The seeds were laid on mats, sundried, placed in buckskin bags and pounded into a flour. The resulting flour was made into a porridge and eaten, especially in times of famine. One informant said that the seeds were 'choky' and difficult to swallow if eaten alone. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175 |
7370 | Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. 592 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 29 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Young, tender stalks peeled and center portion eaten when hungry and there is nothing to eat. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
7376 | Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. 592 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 63 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fronds eaten to relieve hunger when lost in the bushes. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63 |
7594 | Bromus tectorum L. 641 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 48 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds, a famine food, cooked into a gruel during food shortages. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 48 |
7758 | Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gray 677 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 24 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Bulbs formerly used for food in times of scarcity. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 24 |
7764 | Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gray 677 | Ute 272 | m90 111 | 15 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Bulbs used for food in starving times. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 15 |
8761 | Celastrus scandens L. 820 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 63 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Palatable inner bark would sustain life when food was hard to get. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 63 |
8768 | Celastrus scandens L. 820 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 97 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Inner bark cooked in times of food scarcity, not highly commended as a food but valued. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 97 |
9694 | Chloracantha spinosa (Benth.) Nesom 919 | Mohave 147 | cb51 125 | 201 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Young shoots roasted and eaten as a famine food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 201 |
10011 | Cirsium sp. 971 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 247 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Leaves held in flames to burn the spines off and eaten by hunting parties when food was scarce. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 247 |
11342 | Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe 1122 | Omaha 177 | g13ii 154 | 326 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruit eaten by adults in times of famine. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326 |
11343 | Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe 1122 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 87 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
11345 | Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe 1122 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 87 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
11349 | Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe 1122 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 87 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
11411 | Crataegus mollis Scheele 1127 | Omaha 177 | g13ii 154 | 326 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruit eaten by adults in times of famine. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326 |
15664 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Leaves chewed by those lost in the bushes to alleviate hunger. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
16697 | Helianthus tuberosus L. 1835 | Huron 99 | a54 123 | 63 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Roots used with acorns during famine. | Aller, Wilma F., 1954, Aboriginal Food Utilization of Vegetation by the Indians of the Great Lake Region As Recorded in the Jesuit Relations, Wisconsin Archeologist 35:59-73, page 63 |
16699 | Helianthus tuberosus L. 1835 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 47 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Dried and eaten during famines. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 47 |
16738 | Hemizonia fasciculata (DC.) Torr. & Gray 1846 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 77 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Whole plant, including the seeds, used as a famine plant. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 77 |
17859 | Ipomoea leptophylla Torr. 1990 | Arapaho 17 | b05 73 | 13 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Root roasted for food when pressed by hunger. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13 |
17860 | Ipomoea leptophylla Torr. 1990 | Cheyenne 33 | b05 73 | 13 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Root roasted for food when pressed by hunger. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13 |
17866 | Ipomoea leptophylla Torr. 1990 | Kiowa 111 | b05 73 | 13 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Root roasted for food when pressed by hunger. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13 |
18414 | Juniperus californica Carr. 2053 | Diegueno 65 | h75 122 | 216 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruit eaten in times of starvation. | Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 216 |
18610 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruits eaten when other foods became scarce. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
18660 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 48 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Berries eaten in the fall or when food was scarce. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
18673 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruits eaten when other foods became scarce. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
18679 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Navajo 157 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Inner bark chewed in times of food shortage to obtain the juice. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
18680 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 19 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Inner bark chewed in times of food shortage. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 19 |
19108 | Juniperus sp. 2063 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 32 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Berries considered a starvation food because of their abundance. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 32 |
20100 | Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) A. L”ve 2161 | Shoshoni 232 | m90 111 | 17 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds stored for times of famine. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 17 |
20257 | Lilium canadense L. 2183 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 43 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Roots made into flour and used to make bread for famine times. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43 |
20259 | Lilium canadense L. 2183 | Huron 99 | a54 123 | 63 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Roots used with acorns during famine. | Aller, Wilma F., 1954, Aboriginal Food Utilization of Vegetation by the Indians of the Great Lake Region As Recorded in the Jesuit Relations, Wisconsin Archeologist 35:59-73, page 63 |
20939 | Lomatium grayi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose 2242 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 95 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Roots eaten when hungry in the winter. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 95 |
21432 | Lycium pallidum Miers 2316 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 89 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Berries boiled, ground, mixed with 'potato clay' and eaten during past famines. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 89 |
22347 | Malva sp. 2400 | Papago 188 | r08 104 | 76 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Plants boiled and liquid used to make pinole during famine. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 76 |
22941 | Menyanthes trifoliata L. 2462 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 145 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Rootstocks used in the past as an emergency food. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 145 |
23602 | Nelumbo lutea Willd. 2570 | Huron 99 | a54 123 | 63 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Roots used with acorns during famine. | Aller, Wilma F., 1954, Aboriginal Food Utilization of Vegetation by the Indians of the Great Lake Region As Recorded in the Jesuit Relations, Wisconsin Archeologist 35:59-73, page 63 |
23603 | Nelumbo lutea Willd. 2570 | Huron 99 | a54 123 | 63 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Roots used with acorns during famine. | Aller, Wilma F., 1954, Aboriginal Food Utilization of Vegetation by the Indians of the Great Lake Region As Recorded in the Jesuit Relations, Wisconsin Archeologist 35:59-73, page 63 |
24595 | Opuntia clavata Engelm. 2651 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 35 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Joints roasted and eaten during famines. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
24596 | Opuntia clavata Engelm. 2651 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 35 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Stems and fruits roasted and eaten in times of food shortage. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
24599 | Opuntia clavata Engelm. 2651 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 56 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Roasted joints used for food in times of famine. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56 |
24600 | Opuntia clavata Engelm. 2651 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 35 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Joints roasted and eaten during famines. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
24601 | Opuntia clavata Engelm. 2651 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 35 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Stems and fruits roasted and eaten in times of food shortage. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
24662 | Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. 2659 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 194 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Stems used for food during times of famine. The stems were used for food during times of famine because they could be harvested even during the winter and early spring when few other foods were available. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194 |
24674 | Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. 2661 | Dakota 61 | g13i 91 | 366 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Stems, cleared of spines, roasted and used for food in times of scarcity. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 366 |
24675 | Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. 2661 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 104 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Stems, with spines removed, roasted during food scarcities. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104 |
24687 | Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. 2661 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 104 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Stems, with spines removed, roasted during food scarcities. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104 |
24696 | Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata 2662 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 55 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Roasted joints used for food during times of famine. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55 |
24778 | Opuntia polyacantha Haw. 2667 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 194 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Stems used for food during times of famine. The stems were used for food during times of famine because they could be harvested even during the winter and early spring when few other foods were available. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194 |
25491 | Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex Gray) S. Wats. 2746 | Mohave 147 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds parched until almost burned and eaten as a famine food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
25496 | Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex Gray) S. Wats. 2746 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds parched until almost burned and eaten as a famine food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
25498 | Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. 2747 | Mohave 147 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds parched until almost burned and eaten as a famine food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
25506 | Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. 2747 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds parched until almost burned and eaten as a famine food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
26505 | Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. ex Gray 2895 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 39 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Berries eaten when other foods became scarce. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39 |
26514 | Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. ex Gray 2895 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 59 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Berries eaten when other food was scarce. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
26515 | Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. ex Gray 2895 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 39 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Berries eaten when other foods became scarce. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39 |
27026 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 2 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Cambium used as a food during periods of food shortage. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
27509 | Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. 2956 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 18 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Inner cambium layer of the bark eaten in times of scarcity. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
27660 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 12 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Inside bark used as an emergency ration, when food was scarce. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
27968 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 89 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Cambium layer scraped off and eaten in time of famine. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89 |
28070 | Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. 2970 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 43 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Seeds ground, rolled into balls and eaten raw only in times of food scarcity. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43 |
28125 | Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl. 2975 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 307 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fresh, inner bark formerly used for food during prolonged winters when other foods were scarce. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307 |
28557 | Platanthera sparsiflora var. sparsiflora 3015 | San Felipe 222 | c35 19 | 30 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Plant used as food in times of food shortage. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 30 |
28997 | Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. 3076 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 264 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Roots dried, steamed and eaten during famines. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264 |
29637 | Populus tremuloides Michx. 3106 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 22 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Inner bark eaten raw as an emergency ration. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
30268 | Prunus americana Marsh. 3160 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 37 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruits dried and eaten during famines. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
32306 | Quercus marilandica Muenchh. 3274 | Comanche 48 | cj40 147 | 524 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Boiled acorns used for food in times of scarcity. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524 |
33328 | Ribes americanum P. Mill. 3358 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 35 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Berries dried and eaten during famines. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
33369 | Ribes aureum var. villosum DC. 3360 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 36 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruits dried and eaten during famines. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 36 |
33634 | Ribes missouriense Nutt. 3382 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 35 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruits dried and eaten during famines. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
33851 | Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek 3412 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 92 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Leaves used as a good emergency food. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92 |
33946 | Rosa arkansana Porter 3419 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 39 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Hips eaten during famines. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
33949 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 85 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruit sometimes eaten in times of food scarcity. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
33953 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 85 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruit sometimes eaten in times of food scarcity. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
33957 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 85 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruit sometimes eaten in times of food scarcity. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
33960 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 85 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Fruit sometimes eaten in times of food scarcity. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );