uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
66 rows where use_subcategory = 108
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id ▼ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
661 | Acer saccharinum L. 34 | Omaha 177 | g13ii 154 | 324 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used in tanning leather. The twigs and bark of new growth were boiled with water. A clay which contained iron was mixed with grease and then roasted; then it was mixed with the boiled twig and bark water. Tanned hides were soaked in this solution for two or three days to get the right color; treatment for a shorter period of time resulted in a brownish color and for a longer time resulted in black. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324 |
662 | Acer saccharinum L. 34 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 100 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used to color tanned hides. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100 |
666 | Acer saccharinum L. 34 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 100 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used to color tanned hides. The twigs and bark of new growth were boiled with water. A clay which contained iron was mixed with grease and then roasted; then it was mixed with the boiled twig and bark water. Tanned hides were soaked in this solution for two or three days to get the right color; treatment for a shorter period of time resulted in a brownish color and for a longer time resulted in black. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100 |
2334 | Alnus incana (L.) Moench 168 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 372 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Used with grindstone dust or black earth to make a black dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
2526 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Bark used to make a black dye. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
2619 | Alnus sp. 174 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 72 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Used as a black dye for fish nets. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 72 |
6715 | Atriplex rosea L. 513 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 24 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Used as a black dye. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24 |
8067 | Carex exsiccata Bailey 741 | Shoshoni 232 | m90 111 | 8 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Roots used as black dye in basketry. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 8 |
8475 | Castilleja integra Gray 787 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 80 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Root bark used with minerals to color deerskin black. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 80 |
10928 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 204 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Bark & fir bark boiled into a black dye & used to dye bitter cherry bark for imbricating baskets. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204 |
11023 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 372 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Used with grindstone dust or black earth to make a black dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
11185 | Corylus americana Walt. 1110 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 372 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Boiled with butternut to make a black dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
11186 | Corylus americana Walt. 1110 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 372 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Burs boiled with inner bark of bur oak, added to black earth and butternut and used as a black dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
15562 | Gaultheria humifusa (Graham) Rydb. 1700 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 68 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Used to make a black dye. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 68 |
15633 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 387 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Berries rubbed over basket caps as a black stain. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
16369 | Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch 1791 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 89 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Root sometimes used with another component to make a black dye. The root was not very highly esteemed for making a dye and alone was considered useless, but was occasionally used with another component to make a black dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89 |
16680 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 97 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Seeds used to make a black textile and basketry dye. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 97 |
16684 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 2 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Seeds used to make a black dye. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 2 |
18175 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 61 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Young roots used to make a black dye. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |
18181 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 372 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Boiled with hazel to make a black dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
18182 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 372 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Inner bark and a little of the root boiled with black earth and ochre to make a black dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
18183 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 372 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Used with black earth to make a black dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
18217 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 78 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Bark boiled with blue clay to obtain a deep black color. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78 |
18228 | Juglans hindsii (Jepson) Jepson ex R.E. Sm. 2032 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 117 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Nut husk used in dying bulrush root a black color for making basket design. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 117 |
18257 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 127 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Bark used to make a black dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127 |
18262 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 74 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Nuts used to make a black dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
18263 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Dakota 61 | g13i 91 | 367 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Roots used to make a black dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
18302 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 271 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Wood and bark charred to make the best black dye. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 271 |
18304 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 74 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Nuts used to make a black dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
18308 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 74 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Nuts used to make a black dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
18311 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 74 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Nuts used to make a black dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
18317 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 74 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Nuts used to make a black dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
20069 | Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve 2160 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 8 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Plants tied in bunches, burned, ash mixed in blood and used as a permanent black dye. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 8 |
21113 | Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC. 2259 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 196 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Stems used as a black dye for bitter cherry. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196 |
26546 | Phoradendron sp. 2898 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 101 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Leaves used to dye basket weeds permanently black. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101 |
27607 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Gum used to make black dye. A black dye was made from pinyon gum, the leaves and twigs of sumac and a native yellow ocher. The sumac leaves were put in water and allowed to boil until the mixture became strong. While this was boiling, the ocher was powdered and roasted. Pinyon gum was then added to the ocher and the whole roasted again. As roasting proceeded, the gum melted and finally the mixture was reduced to a black powder. This was cooled and thrown into the sumac mixture, forming a rich blue-black fluid which was essentially an ink. When this process was finished the wool was put in and allowed to boil until it was dyed the right shade. This same dye was also used to color leather and buckskin. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27652 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 12 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Resin used as an ingredient of black dye for wool or basketry. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
29896 | Proboscidea louisianica (P. Mill.) Thellung 3143 | Shoshoni 232 | m90 111 | 7 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Dried pods used as black dye, pieces buried in wood ashes to deepen the shade. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 7 |
30138 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 93 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Decoction of gum applied to grey hair and used with black clay or mud as a black hair dye. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
31941 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 33 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Acorn cups soaked in water containing iron and used as a black dye to color basket materials. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
32229 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 79 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Round, fleshy insect galls made into a dark hair dye. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 79 |
32243 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Concow 49 | c02 89 | 343 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Bark used to blacken strands of red buds for basket making. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 343 |
32278 | Quercus macrocarpa Michx. 3273 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 372 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Boiled with black earth and ocher to make a black dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
32279 | Quercus macrocarpa Michx. 3273 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 372 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Inner bark boiled with green hazel burs, added to black earth and butternut and used as a black dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
32387 | Quercus rubra L. 3285 | Omaha 177 | g13ii 154 | 325 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Bark used to make a black dye for porcupine quills. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325 |
32426 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 372 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Used with grindstone dust or black earth to make a black dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
32562 | Quercus virginiana P. Mill. 3294 | Mahuna 131 | r54 5 | 55 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Bark blended with other oak barks and roots and used to make a black dye for buckskins. | Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 55 |
32618 | Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella] 3250 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 22 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Charcoal used as a black pigment for sand paintings. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
32885 | Rhus copallinum L. 3345 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 57 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Berries used to make black dye. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
32912 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 57 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Berries used to make black dye. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
32991 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Plains Indian 198 | h92 30 | 55 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Leaves, bark and roots used to make a black dye. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 55 |
33108 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 48 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Twigs and pine gum used to make a black dye. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48 |
33179 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 60 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Leaves used to make black dye for baskets and leather. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
33216 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 35 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Leaves boiled to dye basketry and wool black. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
33264 | Rhus typhina L. 3355 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 57 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Berries used to make black dye. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
36210 | Salix sp. 3551 | Micmac 141 | s17 103 | 317 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Roots used to make a black dye. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
36212 | Salix sp. 3551 | Montagnais 150 | s17 103 | 317 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Roots used to make a black dye. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
36635 | Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli 3566 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 138 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Berry juice used as a black dye for basket materials. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
39025 | Suaeda sp. 3847 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 141 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Plants boiled in water and used as a black dye for palm mats. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141 |
39714 | Thalictrum fendleri Engelm. ex Gray 3923 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 28 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Upper branch ash used an Enemyway blackening. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28 |
40456 | Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene 3972 | Pomo 200 | g67 80 | 14 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Ashes rubbed on children to make skin color darker. The ashes were rubbed on those children who were fathered by a white man to make them look more 'Indian' in color. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
40457 | Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene 3972 | Pomo 200 | g67 80 | 14 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Charcoal or soot used for tattoo pigment. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
40458 | Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene 3972 | Pomo 200 | m90 111 | 6 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Juice used as a black dye for blackroot sedge. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 6 |
41039 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 74 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Bark chopped into small pieces, pounded, crushed and boiled to make a black dye. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
44011 | Yucca brevifolia Engelm. 4227 | Shoshoni 232 | m90 111 | 8 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Roots used as black dye in basketry. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 8 |
44146 | Yucca glauca Nutt. 4230 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 21 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Juice mixed with yellow soil for a black dye. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );