uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
2,567 rows where use_category = 4 sorted by notes
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes ▼ | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14197 | Eriophorum angustifolium ssp. subarcticum (Vassiljev) Hult‚n ex Kartesz & Gandhi 1538 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 184 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | 'Female' stems dried, split and inserted into boot welts to seal them. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184 |
14198 | Eriophorum angustifolium ssp. subarcticum (Vassiljev) Hult‚n ex Kartesz & Gandhi 1538 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 184 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | 'Female' stems dried, split and used for weaving. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184 |
8056 | Carex atherodes Spreng. 736 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 114 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | 'Swamp hay' softened by rubbing and used as insoles for moccasins. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114 |
8087 | Carex obnupta Bailey 746 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 114 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | 'Swamp hay' softened by rubbing and used as insoles for moccasins. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114 |
13379 | Equisetum hyemale L. 1422 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 58 | Fiber 4 | Scouring Material 124 | Abrasive stems used to polish pipes, bows and arrows and formerly used to scrub tins and floors. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 58 |
15290 | Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1660 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 420 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | All ash wood quite valuable and used for basketry splints. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420 |
15291 | Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1660 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 420 | Fiber 4 | Furniture 109 | All ash wood quite valuable and used for cradle boards. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420 |
15292 | Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1660 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 420 | Fiber 4 | Snow Gear 51 | All ash wood quite valuable and used for snowshoe frames and sleds. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420 |
8876 | Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins 838 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 356 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark and wood of young sprouts used like thread or woof to twine in and out of twined baskets. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 356 |
36148 | Salix sp. 3551 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 249 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark braided into rope. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249 |
39945 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Chehalis 31 | g73 25 | 19 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark coarsely shredded and plaited into skirts, capes and dresses for women. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31625 | Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson 3229 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 223 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark crushed, rubbed into softness and stuffed into over shoes for warmth. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223 |
40085 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 19 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark cut into narrow strips and woven into mats. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
3811 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 202 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark fiber made into twine and used to make front aprons worn by women. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
20409 | Linum lewisii Pursh 2205 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 14 | Fiber 4 | Snow Gear 51 | Bark fibers used as the mesh for snowshoes. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14 |
20408 | Linum lewisii Pursh 2205 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 14 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark fibers used as the warp for mats. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14 |
20407 | Linum lewisii Pursh 2205 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 14 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark fibers used for cordage. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14 |
20406 | Linum lewisii Pursh 2205 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 14 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Bark fibers used in baskets. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14 |
536 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 15 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark fibers used to make women's skirts. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15 |
9122 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 227 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark fibers, nettle fibers and dog hair used to make a stronger rope. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 227 |
39946 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Chehalis 31 | g73 25 | 19 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark finely shredded and used as padding for infants' cradles, sanitary pads and towels. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
30335 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 209 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Bark formerly used for imbricating baskets. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
40108 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Nez Perce 162 | h92 30 | 54 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark formerly used to make lean-to shelters while camping. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
5726 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 119 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark frayed and stuffed into moccasins for added warmth. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 119 |
31649 | Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson 3230 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 78 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark from large stems used as the padding for cradle boards. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 78 |
7268 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 112 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark furnished a waterproof cover for the top of the wigwam. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 112 |
7269 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 112 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark furnished the outside cover of the birch bark canoe. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 112 |
40028 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 57 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark inner fibers formerly used to make clothing. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
40194 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 57 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark inner fibers formerly used to make clothing. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
37739 | Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. 3654 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 97 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark leaned together, in a circle, to make a house. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 97 |
7694 | Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin 667 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 46 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Bark made into baskets used for picking huckleberries. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 46 |
15327 | Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville 1663 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 32 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark made into cordage and tied in a loop to upper ends of poles to make a winterhouse smoke hole. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
31627 | Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson 3229 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 223 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark made into loosely twisted ropes and used to make sleeping mats. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223 |
15333 | Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville 1663 | Yokut 286 | m66 109 | 420 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark made into ropes and used to bound acorn caches. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 420 |
36082 | Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. 3550 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 203 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark made into string. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203 |
30417 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 263 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark made into twine and used for reinforcement of old suspension bridges. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263 |
12993 | Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1374 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 207 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone). The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths. At this stage, it could be dried for future use. The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207 |
12995 | Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1374 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 207 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone). The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths. At this stage, it could be dried for future use. The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207 |
12996 | Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1374 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 207 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone). The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths. At this stage, it could be dried for future use. The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207 |
15328 | Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville 1663 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 32 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark make into a twine and used to sting pinyon seeds for winter storage. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
7153 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 202 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Bark occasionally used to make baskets. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202 |
7154 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 202 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark occasionally used to make canoes. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202 |
36323 | Salix sp. 3551 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 499 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark of dead trees used to make capes and aprons. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
36328 | Salix sp. 3551 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 499 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark of dead trees used to make mats and fiber blankets. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
41798 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 423 | Fiber 4 | Sewing Material 102 | Bark or rind used as a fine, stout sewing fiber. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423 |
12620 | Dirca palustris L. 1317 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 76 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark or twigs used for cordage. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 76 |
41429 | Ulmus americana L. 4051 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 129 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark peeled during raspberry ripening time and used in the winter for house roofing material. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 129 |
36100 | Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. 3550 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 26 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark peeled, twisted and used to make string. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
39880 | Thuja occidentalis L. 3950 | Iroquois 100 | r45i 116 | 83 | Fiber 4 | Caulking Material 94 | Bark pieces packed into joints during construction. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 83 |
40266 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 496 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark piled up and used as a bed. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496 |
40083 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 228 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark pounded until soft and made into clothes. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228 |
18811 | Juniperus occidentalis Hook. 2059 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 47 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark rolled into rope, coiled and sewn with sinew to form sandal soles. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 47 |
18812 | Juniperus occidentalis Hook. 2059 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 47 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark rubbed between hands until soft and fibers woven into clothing. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 47 |
18658 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 48 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark rubbed fine and used to make baby clothes. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
40275 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Tsimshian 267 | g92 166 | 153 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark sheets used for roofing and tarpaulins. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153 |
26903 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 48 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark sheets used for roofing on buildings. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
39961 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Gitksan 78 | g92 166 | 153 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark sheets used for roofing. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153 |
40290 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Wet'suwet'en 278 | g92 166 | 153 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark sheets used for roofing. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153 |
39963 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Gitksan 78 | g92 166 | 153 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark sheets used for tarpaulins. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153 |
40279 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Tsimshian 267 | g92 166 | 153 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark sheets used for tarpaulins. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153 |
40292 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Wet'suwet'en 278 | g92 166 | 153 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark sheets used for tarpaulins. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153 |
26907 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 48 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark sheets used for tent flooring. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
30413 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 497 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Bark softened and used to make baskets. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497 |
30419 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 497 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark softened and used to make mats. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497 |
9089 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark softened with special oil and used for weaving blankets. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33 |
9087 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark softened with special oil and used for weaving capes and other clothing of head chiefs. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33 |
29630 | Populus tremuloides Michx. 3106 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 19 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark sometimes employed as cordage. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
30387 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 40 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Bark split and used to make baskets. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
30414 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 40 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Bark split and used to make baskets. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
30388 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 40 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark split and used to make mats. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
30420 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 40 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark split and used to make mats. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
31647 | Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson 3230 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 304 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark spun and woven into kilts worn by the snake priests. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 304 |
31648 | Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson 3230 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 78 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark spun and woven into kilts worn by the snake priests. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 78 |
40381 | Tilia americana L. 3959 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 114 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Bark string used for fashioning bags. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114 |
40382 | Tilia americana L. 3959 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 114 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark string used for making cordage. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114 |
40383 | Tilia americana L. 3959 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 114 | Fiber 4 | Sewing Material 102 | Bark string used for sewing the edges of mats. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114 |
7232 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 416 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Bark stripped and used to make emergency trays or buckets in the woods. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
3882 | Apocynum ?floribundum Greene (pro sp.) [androsaemifolium ? cannabinum] 295 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 236 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark strips braided and worn as a belt. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 236 |
7218 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 267 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark strips used as the waterproof, top coverings of wigwams. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267 |
36076 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Wet'suwet'en 278 | g92 166 | 154 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark strips used for cord or rope. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |
40860 | Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 4041 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 123 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark strips used for wigwam coverings. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123 |
30380 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 266 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Bark strips used to make baskets. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 266 |
39958 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Flathead 76 | h92 30 | 54 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Bark strips used to make baskets. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
41539 | Ulmus rubra Muhl. 4052 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 270 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark strips used to make sides of the winter wigwam and rainproof roof. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 270 |
11446 | Crataegus spathulata Michx. 1132 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 37 | Fiber 4 | Sporting Equipment 170 | Bark tea taken or bathed in by ball players to ward off tacklers. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
35678 | Salix bebbiana Sarg. 3520 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
35822 | Salix exigua Nutt. 3527 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
36066 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
36247 | Salix sp. 3551 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
12617 | Dirca palustris L. 1317 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 50 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark twisted into cordage. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 50 |
11109 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 96 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark twisted into rope and used to lash fish traps, raised caches and other structures. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96 |
3755 | Apocynum androsaemifolium L. 296 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 6 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Bark used as a chief source for cordage. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6 |
28163 | Pinus sp. 2976 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 23 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark used as a covering for summer shelters. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23 |
18417 | Juniperus californica Carr. 2053 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 35 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark used as a house covering. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
18701 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 11 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark used as lining in sweat houses. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11 |
31650 | Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson 3230 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 304 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark used as padding for the cradle board. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 304 |
35854 | Salix gooddingii Ball 3530 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 108 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark used as padding in baby cradles. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 108 |
27793 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 102 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark used as roofing material in house construction. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
28083 | Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth 2972 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 102 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark used as roofing material in house construction. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
7276 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 5 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Bark used as roofing material. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );