uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
5,494 rows where use_category = 3 sorted by tribe descending
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id | species | tribe ▲ | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2748 | Amaranthus cruentus L. 188 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 87 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Feathery part of plant ground into a fine meal and used to color ceremonial bread red. The bread was carried by personators of anthropic gods and thrown by them to the populace between the dances. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 87 |
2749 | Amaranthus cruentus L. 188 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 83 | Other 3 | Paint 26 | Crushed leaves and blossoms moistened with spittle or water and rubbed on cheeks as rouge. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 83 |
5310 | Artemisia frigida Willd. 397 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 87 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Sprigs and corn ears attached to decorated tablets and carried by female dancers in a drama. The sprigs and corn ears were carried by female dancers in the drama of The Coming of the Corn Maidens. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 87 |
5311 | Artemisia frigida Willd. 397 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 87 | Other 3 | Fertilizer 186 | Sprigs dipped in water and planted with corn so that it would grow in abundance. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 87 |
6275 | Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail 445 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Coma made into cords and used for fastening plumes to the prayer sticks. The sticks were used as offerings and were planted in the fields and in sacred springs. An excavation was made in the bed of the spring in which the offerings were deposited with a stone attached and covered with soil from the bottom. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
6654 | Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. 503 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Twigs attached to prayer plumes and sacrificed to the cottontail rabbit to ensure good hunting. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
7448 | Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths 608 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 83 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Grass bunches tied together and used to strain goat's milk. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 83 |
10348 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 96 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant paste used with black mineral paint to color sticks of plume offerings to anthropic gods. The plant was boiled for a long time and the concoction allowed to evaporate. The precipitated paste was then used with black mineral paint to color sticks of plume offerings to anthropic gods. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 96 |
10349 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 82 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Whole plant except for the root used in pottery decorations. The whole plant except for the root was boiled for a considerable amount of time and the water was allowed to evaporate. The firm paste secured from precipitation was used in conjunction with a black mineral paint for decorating pottery. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 82 |
10350 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 96 | Other 3 | Paint 26 | Plant paste used with black mineral paint to color sticks of plume offerings to anthropic gods. The plant was boiled for a long time and the concoction allowed to evaporate. The precipitated paste was then used with black mineral paint to color sticks of plume offerings to anthropic gods. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 96 |
11745 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Gourds worn in phallic dances symbolizing fructification or made into ceremonial rattles. The gourd rattles were used in ceremonies for both anthropic and zooic worship. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
11746 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Gourds made into receptacles for storing precious articles. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
11747 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 67 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Gourds made into cups, ladles and dippers and put to various uses. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67 |
11807 | Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. 1178 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 84 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Blossoms chewed and rubbed all over the hands for protection. This medicine belonged to the grandmother of the Gods of War. She gave it to the people with the instructions that, when near the enemy, they should chew the blossoms, eject the mass into their hand rubbing their hands well together. As soon as the Gods of War had done this, a peculiar yellow light spread all over the world, preventing the enemy from seeing how to aim their arrows. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 84 |
12243 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Powdered root used by rain priests in a number of ways to ensure fruitful rains. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
12244 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Root pieces chewed by a robbery victim in order to find out the thief's identity. The root was given to the victim by a rain priest. The victim was told to chew the root and that the medicine would induce dreams of the thief. The rain priest would ask the victim to tell him everything he remembered in his dream so that he could identify the thief and recover the stolen property. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
12245 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 93 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Wood used as a favorite firewood, but more importantly in ceremonies. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 93 |
14065 | Eriogonum jamesii Benth. 1514 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 91 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Ground blossom powder given to ceremonial dancers impersonating anthropic gods to bring rain. The blossom powder was given to the dancers after they were dressed for the ceremony. The dance director placed it in the mouth of each dancer so that the dance would bring rain. Each dancer ejected the medicine from his mouth over his body and apparel. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 91 |
14321 | Erysimum sp. 1557 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 92 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used ceremonially to insure the coming of rain so that the corn and all vegetation would grow. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 92 |
16132 | Gossypium hirsutum L. 1766 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 77 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Cotton used to make ceremonial garments. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 77 |
16133 | Gossypium hirsutum L. 1766 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 92 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Fuzz used alone or made into cords and used ceremonially in a number of ways. The cotton cords were tied loosely around the wrists and ankles of the newborn child while supplications were offered that the rain makers would provide enough rain to insure proliferative crops so that the child would have full nourishment its whole life. Cotton down was used to cover the heads of rain priests after their deaths symbolizing their duties in this world and also their obligations in the undermost world. Crowns and certain masks were also covered with raw cotton to indicate that the gods represented were rain makers or were specially associated with the rain makers. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 92 |
16638 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 93 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Blossoms used ceremonially for anthropic worship. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 93 |
18762 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 93 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Wood used as a favorite firewood, but more importantly in ceremonies. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 93 |
18763 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 93 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Shredded, fibrous bark used as tinder to ignite the fire sticks used for the New Year fire. The bark was also used to make firebrands carried by personators of certain gods. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 93 |
20602 | Lithospermum incisum Lehm. 2216 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 93 | Other 3 | Weapon 98 | Leaves bound to arrow shafts, close to the point, obscured by sinew wrapping and used in wartime. The leaves were said to be so deadly poisonous that they would cause the immediate death of anyone pierced by them. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 93 |
21463 | Lycium pallidum Miers 2316 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 94 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Ground leaves, twigs and flowers given to warriors for protection during war. A pinch of the mixture was given to each warrior. The warriors placed it in their mouths, ejected the mass into their hands and rubbed in on their faces, arms and bodies so that the enemy's arrows could not harm them. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 94 |
21894 | Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde 2372 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Crushed berries used as purple coloring for the skin and for objects employed in ceremonies. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
21895 | Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde 2372 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 88 | Other 3 | Paint 26 | Crushed berries used as purple coloring for the skin and for objects employed in ceremonies. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
23543 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 91 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Grass attached to sticks of plume offerings to anthropic gods. This grass was used only by Galaxy and Shu'maakwe fraternities. The sticks designated the god to whom the offerings were made and the plumes of the eagle and of other birds conveyed the breath prayers to the gods. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 91 |
23816 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 95 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Leaves smoked ceremonially. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 95 |
23817 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 95 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked ceremonially. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 95 |
24269 | Oenothera albicaulis Pursh 2613 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 87 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Chewed blossoms rubbed on the bodies of young girls so that they could dance well and ensure rain. The blossoms were given by the High Priest and the Sun Priest of the Corn Maidens. The girls chewed the blossoms, ejected the mass into their hands and rubbed it on the neck, breast, arms and hands ensuring that they would dance well so that it would rain and the corn would grow. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 87 |
24708 | Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata 2662 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 95 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used ceremonially. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 95 |
25629 | Pectis papposa Harvey & Gray 2767 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 83 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Chewed blossoms used as perfume before a dance in ceremonies of the secret fraternities. The blossoms were chewed by both sexes, especially by women, ejected into the hands and rubbed on the neck, limbs and clothing as perfume. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 83 |
25630 | Pectis papposa Harvey & Gray 2767 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 83 | Other 3 | Incense & Fragrance 53 | Chewed blossoms used as perfume before a dance in ceremonies of the secret fraternities. The blossoms were chewed by both sexes, especially by women, ejected into the hands and rubbed on the neck, limbs and clothing as perfume. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 83 |
25836 | Penstemon barbatus ssp. torreyi (Benth.) Keck 2802 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 95 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Chewed root rubbed over the rabbit stick to insure success in the hunt. A rabbit stick which was treated in this manner was sure to kill any rabbit that it was aimed at, provided the thrower had a good heart. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 95 |
28725 | Polanisia dodecandra ssp. trachysperma (Torr. & Gray) Iltis 3035 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 96 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Switches, roots and blossoms used ceremonially. When the Cactus fraternity returned to their chamber from the last dance at sunset, they were whipped with switches and then roots and blossoms were chewed and ejected over the bodies of the whipped people. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 96 |
31347 | Psilostrophe tagetina (Nutt.) Greene 3204 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 97 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Blossoms used by personators of anthropic gods for painting masks and for coloring bodies yellow. The blossoms were used by personators of anthropic gods for painting masks and for coloring their limbs and bodies yellow. The flowers were ground into a meal and mixed with yellow ocher and urine. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 97 |
31348 | Psilostrophe tagetina (Nutt.) Greene 3204 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 97 | Other 3 | Paint 26 | Blossoms used by personators of anthropic gods for painting masks and for coloring bodies yellow. The blossoms were used by personators of anthropic gods for painting masks and for coloring their limbs and bodies yellow. The flowers were ground into a meal and mixed with yellow ocher and urine. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 97 |
35931 | Salix irrorata Anderss. 3535 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 70 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Eight or twelve willows trimmed at the ends, tied together & used for stirring fire toasted foods. The willows were used for stirring corn, popcorn and any other food toasted over a fire. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 70 |
39800 | Thelypodium wrightii Gray 3938 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 85 | Other 3 | Fertilizer 186 | Seeds crushed by women and planted with beans to ensure a proliferative crop. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 85 |
43991 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Narrow leaf bands worn around the head by personators of anthropic gods. The personators of anthropic gods adorned their wrists and ankles with yucca ribbons and the novitiate into the medicine order of a secret fraternity had his or her wrists adorned with them also. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
43992 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Plant used ceremonially for a great variety of purposes. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
43993 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Zuni 291 | bc41 58 | 55 | Other 3 | Soap 106 | Roots pounded, made into suds in cold water and used for washing. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 55 |
43994 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 78 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Leaves used to make cincture pads for supporting water vases upon the head. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78 |
44197 | Yucca glauca Nutt. 4230 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 83 | Other 3 | Soap 106 | Peeled roots pounded, made into suds and used for washing the head, wool garments and blankets. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 83 |
44533 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Balls of husks covered with woven cotton used ceremonially to insure bountiful crops. The balls of corn husks covered with woven cotton were used with long fringes of white cotton ceremonial sashes symbolizing corn and a desire for bountiful crops. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44534 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Corn ears carried or secretly worn in dances by personators of anthropic gods. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44535 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Corn meal wrapped in husks given to theurgists visiting the sick. The packages were always presented with a prayer and the recipient prayed. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44536 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 73 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Popped corn ground, made into a beverage and used ceremonially. Although this beverage could be consumed at any time, it was used especially by the rain priests and personators of anthropic gods during ceremonies. Another native beverage was also made by the Zuni. Water was poured over sprouted corn, allowed to stand for some days and then used as a beverage. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73 |
44537 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Ribboned corn husks used as hair decorations in ceremonies. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44538 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | White corn meal made into a mush and used ceremonially during the death of a rain priest. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44539 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Ribboned corn husks used as hair decorations in ceremonies. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
44540 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Ribboned husks made into small, square pads and used by young people in games. Small plumes were attached to the small, square pads upright, in the center, forming the shuttlecocks for use in the game of battledore and shuttlecock. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
15549 | Garrya elliptica Dougl. ex Lindl. 1696 | Yurok, South Coast (Nererner) 290 | m66 109 | 169 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood hardened by fire and used for mussel bars to pry the mussels off the rocks. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 169 |
464 | Acer glabrum Torr. 23 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 15 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Fruit used to play with. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15 |
7998 | Cardamine californica var. californica 728 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 27 | Other 3 | Season Indicator 115 | First plant to flower in the spring. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
9072 | Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl. 859 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 23 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Fruits used by children to throw at each other. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23 |
10152 | Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. 1005 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 25 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Shoot used to play a game. The stem was stripped of it's outer layers leaving only the terminal leaf or inflorescence hanging loosely on a flexible strand. Opponents held firmly to the base of the strand and attempted to hook the opponents leaf or inflorescence. After engaging, the opponents pulled and the opponent who retained his leaf or inflorescence won. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
12041 | Darlingtonia californica Torr. 1232 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 27 | Other 3 | Insecticide 76 | Plant ate insects. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
12686 | Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt 1334 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 28 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Leaves used to clean meats and to lay over meat to keep the flies off. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
12687 | Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt 1334 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 28 | Other 3 | Designs 167 | Spores used to make designs on hands. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
18569 | Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. 2055 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 34 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Dried berries used to decorate dresses. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
20746 | Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2232 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 37 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Thrown into the fire at ceremonies. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
21696 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 38 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Leaves used as a vessel to drive water from streams. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21697 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 38 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap sturgeon eggs baked in ashes. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
22409 | Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell 2415 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 39 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Fruit tossed by children at one another in play. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
22410 | Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell 2415 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 39 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Fruit used by children to construct representations of animals by inserting twigs. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
25956 | Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis 2825 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 45 | Other 3 | Designs 167 | Spores used by children to make a design on their hands. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45 |
29353 | Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw 3097 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 47 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Pitch used to apply soot in the tattooing process. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47 |
31547 | Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood 3216 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 48 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Leaves used in layers to dry food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
31548 | Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood 3216 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 48 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Fronds used as plates to serve fish, to put over fish to keep the flies off and to clean fish. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
36625 | Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli 3565 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 53 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Leaves used to pack sturgeon eggs while cooking. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
36920 | Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa 3569 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 53 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Leaves used to pack sturgeon eggs while cooking. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
37746 | Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. 3654 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 55 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Wood used to make canoes and traded to the Karok. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55 |
39570 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 57 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Wood used to make bows. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57 |
41675 | Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. 4056 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 59 | Other 3 | Good Luck Charm 147 | Leaves burned, to take bad luck away, in the house or the smoke waved over people as they leave. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
41676 | Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. 4056 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 59 | Other 3 | Insecticide 76 | Plant put under the bed to rid it of fleas. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
14749 | Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 1610 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 222 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Spines heated and bent to make fishing hooks. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 222 |
19449 | Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. 2090 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 115 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Fruit contents removed, shells cleaned and dried and used as water and food containers. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 115 |
19450 | Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. 2090 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 115 | Other 3 | Musical Instrument 146 | Fruit made into a rattle and used to provide rhythm for singing and dancing. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 115 |
23865 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 120 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Wild tobacco smoked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 120 |
26637 | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 2901 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 122 | Other 3 | Smoking Tools 79 | Tubular stalk internodes used to smoke tobacco. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 122 |
3874 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 90 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Dried, crushed stem fibers used to make fish nets and snares for deer, bears and small game. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 90 |
8984 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 93 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Wood used to make bows. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93 |
8985 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 93 | Other 3 | Walking Sticks 120 | Wood used to make canes. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93 |
9750 | Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth 922 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 93 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bulbs crushed, placed in still waters and used as a fish poison. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93 |
9751 | Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth 922 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 93 | Other 3 | Soap 106 | Bulbs pounded, rubbed between the hands and used as hair shampoo. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93 |
15234 | Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 1658 | Yuki 287 | c02 89 | 378 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Used for fuel. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
15235 | Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 1658 | Yuki 287 | c02 89 | 378 | Other 3 | Smoking Tools 79 | Used to make tobacco pipes. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
15236 | Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 1658 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 93 | Other 3 | Smoking Tools 79 | Wood used to make straight pipes. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93 |
20234 | Ligusticum porteri Coult. & Rose 2180 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 44 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Roots used to ward off rattlesnakes. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 44 |
20743 | Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2232 | Yuki 287 | c57i 46 | 44 | Other 3 | Good Luck Charm 147 | Root bits placed in pockets for good luck in gambling. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... I. Historical Review and Medicinal Plants, The Masterkey 31:40-48, page 44 |
20744 | Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2232 | Yuki 287 | c57i 46 | 44 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Chewed while hunting to prevent deer from detecting human scent. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... I. Historical Review and Medicinal Plants, The Masterkey 31:40-48, page 44 |
20745 | Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2232 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 44 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Poultice of roots applied to neck to ward off sickness and rattlesnakes. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 44 |
22835 | Mentha spicata L. 2445 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 93 | Other 3 | Incense & Fragrance 53 | Used as body and garment perfume. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93 |
23952 | Nicotiana sp. 2586 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 91 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves crushed, stuffed into pipes and smoked. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 91 |
26417 | Philadelphus lewisii Pursh 2875 | Yuki 287 | c02 89 | 352 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Older, less pithy wood formerly used to make bows. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 352 |
26418 | Philadelphus lewisii Pursh 2875 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 91 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Straight branches used to make arrows. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 91 |
26419 | Philadelphus lewisii Pursh 2875 | Yuki 287 | c02 89 | 352 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Young, very pithy shoots used to make arrows. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 352 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );