uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
5,494 rows where use_category = 3 sorted by pageno
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno ▼ | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1608 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 10 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood sections hollowed out by burning and carved into bowls. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10 |
1710 | Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders 86 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 10 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Obtained by barter from the Papago Indians. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10 |
1749 | Agave americana L. 89 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 10 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Obtained by barter from the Papago Indians. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10 |
1837 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 10 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Obtained by barter from the Papago Indians. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10 |
2463 | Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. 171 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 10 | Other 3 | Hide Preparation 144 | Bark smoke used to tan white buckskin yellow. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10 |
4481 | Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehd. & Wilson) Fern. 344 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 10 | Other 3 | Season Indicator 115 | Red leaves indicated fattened moose and the time to hunt them. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10 |
10225 | Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. 1019 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 10 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Grown as an ornamental vine for houses and verandas. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10 |
4639 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 100 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roasted, dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 100 |
18343 | Juncus balticus Willd. 2038 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 100 | Other 3 | Jewelry 125 | Blades used to string clamshell beads to hold them together when being smoothed. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 100 |
18344 | Juncus balticus Willd. 2038 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 100 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Blades used by children to make play baskets. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 100 |
26878 | Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. 2933 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 100 | Other 3 | Good Luck Charm 147 | Tree and red cedar tree provided good luck and wishes for those who asked for it. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
27272 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 100 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches rubbed on skin to protect one against evil or 'witchcraft.' The protective powers were attributed to the prickly needles. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
36894 | Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa 3569 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 100 | Other 3 | Sacred Items 185 | Pithy branches hollowed out and used to make ceremonial and sacred wolf whistles. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100 |
36895 | Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa 3569 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 100 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Used to make children's whistles and 'pea shooters.' | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100 |
41930 | Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Ung. 4065 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 100 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Black powder used as a ceremonial body paint. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 100 |
549 | Acer negundo L. 27 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 101 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Wood made into charcoal and used for ceremonial painting and tattooing. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101 |
563 | Acer negundo L. 27 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 101 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Wood made into charcoal and used for ceremonial painting and tattooing. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101 |
4431 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 101 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roasted, dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 101 |
4522 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 101 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Crushed leaves smoked with tobacco. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
4627 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 101 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves toasted and used as a tobacco. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
18131 | Isocoma pluriflora (Torr. & Gray) Greene 2020 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 101 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Dried plants used for kindling. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 101 |
26573 | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 2901 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 101 | Other 3 | Musical Instrument 146 | Used to make a flute, usually played by men. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101 |
4429 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 102 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102 |
4443 | Arctostaphylos patula Greene 340 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 102 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102 |
4449 | Arctostaphylos patula Greene 340 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 102 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fire dried, pulverized leaves smoked with other plants or alone. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102 |
5942 | Arundo donax L. 420 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 102 | Other 3 | Musical Instrument 146 | Used to make a flute, usually played by men. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
8594 | Ceanothus americanus L. 807 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 102 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102 |
8619 | Ceanothus americanus L. 807 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 102 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102 |
8621 | Ceanothus americanus L. 807 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 102 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102 |
8623 | Ceanothus americanus L. 807 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 102 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102 |
8625 | Ceanothus americanus L. 807 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 102 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102 |
11005 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 102 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried cambium greased, crushed and mixed with smoking tobacco. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102 |
13102 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 102 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Resinous branches used to make quick fires. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102 |
13103 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 102 | Other 3 | Paint 26 | Resin melted and used as a varnish. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102 |
16144 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Santa Clara 227 | rhf16 61 | 102 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Formerly used to weave large ceremonial blankets. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 102 |
16147 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Tewa of Hano 258 | rhf16 61 | 102 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Used to make the strings for prayer feathers. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 102 |
27501 | Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats. 2955 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 102 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Wood used to make a leister pole. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
27798 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 102 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Nuts used as an important trade item. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
27799 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 102 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Pitch used as an adhesive for mending pottery and baskets and attaching arrowpoints to shafts. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
27800 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 102 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Wood, high combustibility, used for firewood and kindling. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
27801 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 102 | Other 3 | Incense & Fragrance 53 | Wood, gave off a pleasant odor, used for firewood. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
28088 | Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth 2972 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 102 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Nuts used as an important trade item. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
28089 | Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth 2972 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 102 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Pitch used as an adhesive for mending pottery and baskets and attaching arrowpoints to shafts. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
28090 | Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth 2972 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 102 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Wood, high combustibility, used for firewood and kindling. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
28091 | Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth 2972 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 102 | Other 3 | Incense & Fragrance 53 | Wood, gave off a pleasant odor, used for firewood. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
39067 | Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake 3849 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 102 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Bark soaked, rubbed in water and used as a skin wash for protection and truthfulness. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102 |
39068 | Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake 3849 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 102 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Berries rubbed on the face during a game called 'lehal.' | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102 |
44664 | Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston 4258 | Havasupai 89 | spier28 164 | 102 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Branch used to make a planting stick. | Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 102 |
16624 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 103 | Other 3 | Lighting 145 | Inner pulp of dried stalks strung and used to make quick-burning candles. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
26308 | Phaseolus coccineus L. 2870 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 103 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Seeds intimately associated with the annual ceremonies of planting time & the harvest thanksgiving. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103 |
26325 | Phaseolus lunatus L. 2871 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 103 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Seeds intimately associated with the annual ceremonies of planting time & the harvest thanksgiving. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103 |
26351 | Phaseolus vulgaris L. 2873 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 103 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Seeds intimately associated with the annual ceremonies of planting time & the harvest thanksgiving. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103 |
42100 | Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. 4079 | Algonquin, Quebec 7 | b80 67 | 103 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Fruit gathered to eat and sell. Blueberries were probably the most highly regarded wild plant food in the study area. They were locally abundant and individuals and families from bands not in the vicinity of good blueberry fields travelled considerable distances in order to pick berries for themselves and to sell. During the course of field studies members of the River Desert band travelled northwest of their area ninety miles and more. Members of the Weymontaching Cree band were met near Clova in the Obedjiwan band area. They had travelled to this location by train in order to pick blueberries and meet with relatives. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 103 |
43321 | Viola sp. 4166 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 103 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Violets used by children in playing games. The children separated into two teams, one team taking the name of their tribe and the other of another tribe such as the Dakota. Each team collected violets and the two parties sat down facing each other and snapped violets at each other until there were none remaining. The victorious team taunted the other as being poor fighters. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 103 |
23810 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 103104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves and other plant parts smoked in pipes and cigarettes. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 103104 |
4598 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Makah 133 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
4610 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried or roasted and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
4612 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nootka 167 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
15665 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches and leaves used in steam cooking pits to circulate steam and keep food from burning. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
15666 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Paint 26 | Leaves crushed, mixed with salmon roe and used as paint for masks and wooden item designs. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
23753 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 104 |
24676 | Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. 2661 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 104 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Plant used by small boys in playing games. The 'cactus game' was played on the prairie where the cactus abounded. One boy was chosen to be 'it' and he would take a stick, place a cactus plant upon it and hold it up it the air. The other boys would attempt to shoot at it with their bows and arrows and the target holder would run after the boy who hit the target and strike him with the spiny cactus making him 'it'. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104 |
28058 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 104 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Needles used to line food caches and cellars. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
28059 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 104 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Needles supported on a framework of poles used for drying cooked berries. The needles were interspersed between layers of dried salmon or any other food being stored. They kept the food dry, but allowed air to circulate around it to prevent spoiling. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
28061 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoking Tools 79 | Plant tops hollowed out with mock orange sticks and used to make the stems of smoking pipes. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
28062 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 104 | Other 3 | Waterproofing Agent 154 | Pitch used to waterproof moccasins and other items. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
30724 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 104 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Sticks used to dig roots. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
41960 | Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. 4070 | Algonquin, Quebec 7 | b80 67 | 104 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Berries gathered and sold. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 104 |
42016 | Vaccinium corymbosum L. 4074 | Algonquin, Quebec 7 | b80 67 | 104 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Berries gathered and sold. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 104 |
5656 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 105 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Wood used for fuel. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105 |
5657 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 105 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Dead stems used as twirling sticks. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105 |
6518 | Astragalus miser Dougl. 484 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 105 | Other 3 | Season Indicator 115 | Blooms indicated that pine cambium was ready to eat. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105 |
6520 | Astragalus miser Dougl. 484 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 105 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to wipe off the turpentine like juice from the inside of stripped pine bark. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105 |
16135 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Havasupai 89 | spier28 164 | 105 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Used as a strike-a-light. | Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 105 |
21360 | Lupinus sericeus Pursh 2305 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 105 | Other 3 | Season Indicator 115 | Blooms indicated that groundhogs were fat enough to eat. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105 |
21388 | Lupinus sulphureus Dougl. ex Hook. 2308 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 105 | Other 3 | Season Indicator 115 | Blooms indicated that groundhogs were fat enough to eat. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105 |
21393 | Lupinus wyethii S. Wats. 2310 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 105 | Other 3 | Season Indicator 115 | Blooms indicated that groundhogs were fat enough to eat. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105 |
21648 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 105 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to make rectangular drying frames for drying mashed salal berries. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105 |
23856 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Havasupai 89 | spier28 164 | 105 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 105 |
28633 | Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville 3025 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 105 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Used to make arrow shafts. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105 |
10472 | Collomia grandiflora Dougl. ex Lindl. 1047 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 106 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Leaves used as a protective covering for filled berry containers. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 106 |
17395 | Hordeum jubatum L. 1908 | Iroquois 100 | r45i 116 | 106 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Used by children to place in the sleeves of playmates as a joke. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 106 |
27352 | Pinguicula vulgaris L. 2948 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 106 | Other 3 | Good Luck Charm 147 | Dried roots kept for good luck. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106 |
29467 | Populus fremontii S. Wats. 3102 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 106 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Trunks used to make wooden mortars. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 106 |
244 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 107 | Other 3 | Incense & Fragrance 53 | Needles packed with stored items, saddle pads or burned in a household smudge. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
441 | Acer glabrum Torr. 23 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 107 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark used to make paint containers. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
2258 | Allium sp. 160 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 107 | Other 3 | Incense & Fragrance 53 | Bulbs rubbed on quivers as a deodorant. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
2259 | Allium sp. 160 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 107 | Other 3 | Soap 106 | Bulbs and water used to shine arrows. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
2927 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 107 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Berries used in an harvesting game. Favors were asked while presenting a gift of four of the berries. The receiver was obliged to return the goodwill. Girls played a game while harvesting the berries. After some berries had been gathered the girls would sit together and hold their breath while another called out 'tops, tops, tops' at a regular beat. Each girl put a berry in her bag for every call and the one who held her breath the longest won all the other girls' berries. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
4518 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 107 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Dried berries used in rattles. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
4520 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 107 | Other 3 | Jewelry 125 | Dried berries strung on necklaces. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
9738 | Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth 922 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 107 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bulb used for fish poison. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 107 |
9739 | Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth 922 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 107 | Other 3 | Soap 106 | Bulb used as soap for washing body, hair and utensils. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 107 |
10795 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
10811 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
10812 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
10813 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
10815 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
10817 | Cornus asperifolia Michx. 1090 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Wood considered the favorite for arrow shafts. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
10818 | Cornus asperifolia Michx. 1090 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Wood considered the favorite for arrow shafts. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );