uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
5,494 rows where use_category = 3 sorted by notes
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes ▼ | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
33470 | Ribes divaricatum Dougl. 3368 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 206 | Other 3 | Smoking Tools 79 | 'Canes' hollowed out and used for pipe stems. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206 |
6784 | Baccharis emoryi Gray 532 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 246 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | 'Down' put onto fires by children to produce a sudden burst of flame which spread rapidly. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 246 |
13097 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 71 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | 'Gum' used to fasten arrow points to the slit ends of arrow twigs. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71 |
30115 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 68 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | 'Gum' used to fasten handles to gourds. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68 |
2557 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 243 | Other 3 | Water Indicator 168 | 'If you see a creek without alder along its banks, the water isn't good to drink.' | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243 |
5920 | Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. 417 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 28 | Other 3 | Musical Instrument 146 | 'Joint of reed' used to make flutes. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28 |
6226 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 7 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | 'Milk' from the broken stems used in cases of emergency for branding stock temporarily. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
23431 | Monotropa uniflora L. 2521 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 215 | Other 3 | Plant Indicator 224 | Abundance of plant in woods indicated many mushrooms in the coming season. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 215 |
31950 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31977 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32012 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32153 | Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson 3266 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32199 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32252 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32606 | Quercus wislizeni var. frutescens Engelm. 3296 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31839 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31934 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31996 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32184 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31840 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31935 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31997 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32185 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31949 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31974 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32011 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32152 | Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson 3266 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32198 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32251 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32605 | Quercus wislizeni var. frutescens Engelm. 3296 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32465 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 40 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Acorn shells used to hold medicine and a humming bird was made to sip from each shell. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 40 |
32521 | Quercus turbinella Greene 3292 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 187 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorns gathered and traded with the Paipai for wild sheep skins. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
31985 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 142 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorns gathered in large quantities and traded for other foods. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
31844 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Musical Instrument 146 | Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31939 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Musical Instrument 146 | Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32001 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Musical Instrument 146 | Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32189 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Musical Instrument 146 | Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31842 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31937 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31999 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32187 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31845 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31940 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32002 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32190 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32484 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Pima, Desert 194 | r91 136 | 6 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorns used for trade. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 6 |
20529 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 83 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Acorns used in a first fruits ceremony in October after the first rainfall. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 83 |
7250 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 416 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | After stripping a felled tree of its bark, it was salvaged for firewood. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
15294 | Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1660 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 420 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | All ash wood quite valuable and used for bows and arrows. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420 |
16670 | Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. 1832 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 324 | Other 3 | Season Indicator 115 | Amount of flowers present used as a sign that there will be copious rains and abundant harvest. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 324 |
5405 | Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 399 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 48 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Applied to unraveler strings (a woman's hair cord or buckskin string from her moccasins). | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48 |
19344 | Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A.D.J. Meeuse & Smit 2080 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 44 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Armful of stems with leaves used on heated stones in the sweathouse for the Mountain Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 44 |
26580 | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 2901 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 66 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Associated ceremonially with the bow and arrow. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 66 |
5270 | Artemisia frigida Willd. 397 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 94 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Attached to prayer sticks. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 94 |
1773 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 202 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Baked crowns obtained from Paipai and Diegueno in trade for agricultural products. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 202 |
44533 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 99 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Balls of husks covered with woven cotton used ceremonially to insure bountiful crops. The balls of corn husks covered with woven cotton were used with long fringes of white cotton ceremonial sashes symbolizing corn and a desire for bountiful crops. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99 |
40000 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 162 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark and branches used as kindling to start fires. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
31148 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 195 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark and wood used for firewood. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195 |
31296 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 73 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark and wood used for fuel. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
34789 | Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 3463 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 34 | Other 3 | Soap 106 | Bark boiled and used for soap. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34 |
4188 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Cowichan 52 | tb71 23 | 82 | Other 3 | Preservative 329 | Bark boiled and used for tanning paddles and fishhooks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82 |
4225 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Saanich 215 | tb71 23 | 82 | Other 3 | Preservative 231 | Bark boiled and used for tanning paddles and fishhooks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82 |
40941 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 198 | Other 3 | Cleaning Agent 107 | Bark boiled and used on traps to remove rust and give them a clean smell. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
31923 | Quercus bicolor Willd. 3254 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 128 | Other 3 | Cleaning Agent 107 | Bark boiled with hemlock and soft maple bark and the liquid used to clean the rust from traps. The solution was believed to prevent the trap from becoming rusty again. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128 |
29208 | Populus balsamifera L. 3095 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 188 | Other 3 | Insecticide 76 | Bark burned for a mosquito repelling smoke. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
2652 | Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill 176 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 188 | Other 3 | Insecticide 76 | Bark burned to repel mosquitos. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
2653 | Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill 176 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 188 | Other 3 | Preservative 340 | Bark burned to smoke fish. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
24475 | Oplopanax horridus Miq. 2640 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 217 | Other 3 | Paint 26 | Bark charred, mixed with pounded salmon eggs and used as black face paint for dancing. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
538 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Wailaki 273 | c02 89 | 365 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark cut into one-inch bands, fastened together into a roll and used to catch deer. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365 |
40201 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Quileute 209 | g73 25 | 19 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark cut into strips and used for storage of string dried clams and smelts. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
2504 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 224 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bark dyed red and used for ritual applications. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224 |
30338 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 202 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark fashioned into twine and used as fishing line. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202 |
3816 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 202 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark fiber made into twine & occasionally used to make long nets & draw nets for catching rabbits. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
3817 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 202 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark fiber made into twine and used to make fishing nets. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
3814 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 202 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark fiber made into twine and used to make net sacks for carrying acorns and other small seeds. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
3818 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 202 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark fiber made into twine and used to make slings. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
3815 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 202 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark fibers made into twine and used to make large-meshed nets for carrying bulky or heavy articles. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
20410 | Linum lewisii Pursh 2205 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 14 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark fibers used in fish nets. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14 |
41064 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Quileute 209 | g73 25 | 17 | Other 3 | Waterproofing Agent 154 | Bark finely chopped, boiled and the juice applied to baskets to make them water tight. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
7151 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule 8 | ray45 113 | 119 | Other 3 | Designs 167 | Bark folded, edges chewed and resulting design transferred to baskets and moccasins. | Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 119 |
18749 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 39 | Other 3 | Lighting 145 | Bark formerly shredded, bound into bundles and used as torches to give light in houses. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 39 |
30336 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 209 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark formerly used for wrapping implements. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
7194 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 32 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark fragments ignited from coals or smoldering tinder and used to start a fire. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32 |
43024 | Viburnum dentatum var. dentatum 4129 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 417 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark furnished one of the ingredients of kinnikinnick. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
27030 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 2 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark made into a container and used to roast waterfowl eggs. The spruce bark was cut large enough to surround the eggs, tied around the eggs and the ends plugged with moss. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
40243 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 50 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bark made into a headband and worn by pubescent girls and young men in ritual isolation. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
12998 | Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1374 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 508 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bark made into a headband and worn by the man chosen to sing when newborn twins first cried. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508 |
11329 | Cowania sp. 1120 | Walapai 274 | bc41 58 | 54 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Bark made into a ring used in a hoop and pole game. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 54 |
7297 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 5 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Bark made into broad rimmed hats used by young, menstruating girls to restrict their vision. The broad rimmed hats prevented them from looking where they were not supposed to. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5 |
15330 | Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville 1663 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 32 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark made into cordage and used to make heavy load carrying nets. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
15331 | Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville 1663 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 32 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark made into cordage and used to make rabbit nets. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
24476 | Oplopanax horridus Miq. 2640 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 217 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Bark made into face paint and used by shamans to repel enemy spirits from the shaman's patient. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
35666 | Salix bebbiana Sarg. 3520 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 58 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark made into netting and used to catch fish. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35770 | Salix discolor Muhl. 3525 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 58 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark made into netting and used to catch fish. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35904 | Salix interior Rowlee 3534 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 58 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark made into netting and used to catch fish. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35668 | Salix bebbiana Sarg. 3520 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 58 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Bark made into netting to clean pitch used in sealing birch bark canoes. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35772 | Salix discolor Muhl. 3525 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 58 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Bark made into netting to clean pitch used in sealing birch bark canoes. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35906 | Salix interior Rowlee 3534 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 58 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Bark made into netting to clean pitch used in sealing birch bark canoes. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
12999 | Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1374 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 207 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone). The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths. At this stage, it could be dried for future use. The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207 |
41072 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Other 3 | Paint 26 | Bark mashed with salmon eggs to make a yellow-orange paint for dip nets and paddles. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );