uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
5,494 rows where use_category = 3 sorted by notes
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes ▼ | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18815 | Juniperus occidentalis Hook. 2059 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 47 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark mixed with dirt to use as tinder. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 47 |
11017 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 25 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark mixed with dried kinnikinnick leaves and used for pipe smoking. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25 |
11029 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Cree 54 | b41 145 | 485 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485 |
11069 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 44 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44 |
10919 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 81 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark occasionally mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 81 |
36330 | Salix sp. 3551 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 499 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark of dead trees used to make capes and aprons. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
29581 | Populus tremuloides Michx. 3106 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 119 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Bark or moistened leaves used to make whistles. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119 |
41789 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Lummi 129 | g73 25 | 28 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark peeled, dried, made into a two-ply string and used for duck nets. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28 |
41850 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Skokomish 243 | g73 25 | 28 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark peeled, dried, made into a two-ply string and used for duck nets. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28 |
41852 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Snohomish 245 | g73 25 | 28 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark peeled, dried, made into a two-ply string and used for duck nets. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28 |
7088 | Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis 575 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 241 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bark placed on the coffins when burying the dead. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
7112 | Betula lenta L. 576 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 241 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bark placed on the coffins when burying the dead. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
7242 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 241 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bark placed on the coffins when burying the dead. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
7252 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 416 | Other 3 | Lighting 145 | Bark rolled into a handy, burn all night torch. The Ojibwe often used a torch of rolled birch bark in lieu of candles. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
40126 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 67 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark sheets used to make cases for storing whale harpoon heads. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
2463 | Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. 171 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 10 | Other 3 | Hide Preparation 144 | Bark smoke used to tan white buckskin yellow. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10 |
11440 | Crataegus sp. 1131 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 431 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark smoked to attract deer while hunting. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431 |
26400 | Philadelphus lewisii Pursh 2875 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 63 | Other 3 | Soap 106 | Bark soaked in warm water and used for washing the face. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63 |
39067 | Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake 3849 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 102 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Bark soaked, rubbed in water and used as a skin wash for protection and truthfulness. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102 |
30423 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 497 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark softened and used to make bags. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497 |
30389 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 40 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark split and used to make bags. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
30424 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 40 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark split and used to make bags. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
2421 | Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung 170 | Blackfoot 23 | m09 42 | 275 | Other 3 | Stable Gear 164 | Bark split, covered with raw hide and used to make stirrups. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275 |
36077 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Wet'suwet'en 278 | g92 166 | 154 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark strips used for hanging fish. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |
36078 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Wet'suwet'en 278 | g92 166 | 154 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark strips used for twining into nets or fish line. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |
13000 | Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1374 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 207 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark twine used in drying roots and bunches of tied bark used as soapberry whippers. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone). The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths. At this stage, the bark could be dried for future use. The long, even strands of the fresh or dried bark, after it was soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes. The bark wine was used in twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing and also to thread bitter roots, avalanche lily corms and other roots for drying. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207 |
35681 | Salix bebbiana Sarg. 3520 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
35825 | Salix exigua Nutt. 3527 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
36069 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
36248 | Salix sp. 3551 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
35682 | Salix bebbiana Sarg. 3520 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Bark twisted into cord and used to tie things together. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
35827 | Salix exigua Nutt. 3527 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Bark twisted into cord and used to tie things together. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
36070 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Bark twisted into cord and used to tie things together. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
8683 | Ceanothus sp. 817 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 362 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used as a filter to leach the bitter out of acorn meal. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 362 |
5632 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 246 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark used as a plug to keep water from spilling out of a water jug. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 246 |
40856 | Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 4041 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 38 | Other 3 | Preservative 381 | Bark used as a source for tannic acid. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38 |
40930 | Tsuga caroliniana Engelm. 4042 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 38 | Other 3 | Preservative 269 | Bark used as a source for tannic acid. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38 |
31195 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 71 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used as a top quality fuel. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
18713 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 11 | Other 3 | Lighting 145 | Bark used as a torch in the 'Fire Dance.' | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11 |
18931 | Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little 2060 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 259 | Other 3 | Lighting 145 | Bark used as a torch. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259 |
31146 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 198 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used as a valuable fuel. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
30028 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 107 | Other 3 | Paper 143 | Bark used as a wrapping. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
28038 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 52 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used as fuel because it cooled quickly and enemies cannot tell how long ago camp was broken. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
31858 | Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia 3252 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 33 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used as fuel for firing pottery. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
29417 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 72 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used as fuel for roasting the clays in making skin paints. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
30024 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 107 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used as kindling for cooking and firewood in sweathouses. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
18708 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 11 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark used as lining in corn storage pits. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11 |
7285 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 5 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark used as lining in food storage pits. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5 |
7286 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 5 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark used as lining in storage pits. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5 |
18709 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 11 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark used as platform for sun drying roasted corn. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11 |
39484 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 379 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark used as the covering for stone knives. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
39488 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 379 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Bark used as the handle for stone knives. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
5687 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 78 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used as tinder and for making friction fires. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78 |
5826 | Artemisia tripartita Rydb. 408 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 79 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used as tinder and for making friction fires. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79 |
19070 | Juniperus sp. 2063 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 43 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used as tinder for fire drills. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 43 |
18710 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 11 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used as tinder for making ceremonial fire with fire drill. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11 |
32438 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 248 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used as tinder. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248 |
20530 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 83 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bark used by a wale-pu (a ceremonial figure) as tinder to create flashes of light. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 83 |
7215 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Malecite 134 | sd52 78 | 6 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark used for boxes and other containers. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
7310 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 189 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Bark used for decorations. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189 |
31257 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Chehalis 31 | g73 25 | 19 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used for firewood. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31263 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 19 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used for firewood. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31266 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Green River Group 81 | g73 25 | 19 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used for firewood. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31280 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 19 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used for firewood. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31282 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Lummi 129 | g73 25 | 19 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used for firewood. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31304 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 19 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used for firewood. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31308 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 19 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used for firewood. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31317 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Swinomish 253 | g73 25 | 19 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used for firewood. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
29207 | Populus balsamifera L. 3095 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 188 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Bark used for fishing floats. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
40916 | Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 4041 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 422 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used for fuel, when reboiling pitch, because the heat was easy to regulate. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
10792 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 417 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark used for kinnikinnick. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
39988 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 162 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bark used for many ceremonial purposes. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
40129 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 67 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Bark used for mask adornments. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
7311 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 189 | Other 3 | Paper 143 | Bark used for paper and cards. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189 |
24471 | Oplopanax horridus Miq. 2640 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 217 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bark used for ritual purification. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
10992 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 159 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 159 |
39888 | Thuja occidentalis L. 3950 | Malecite 134 | sd52 78 | 6 | Other 3 | Hide Preparation 144 | Bark used for tanning hides. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
41000 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 58 | Other 3 | Hide Preparation 144 | Bark used for tanning hides. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
41063 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 58 | Other 3 | Hide Preparation 144 | Bark used for tanning hides. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
41095 | Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. 4044 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 58 | Other 3 | Hide Preparation 144 | Bark used for tanning hides. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
41101 | Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. 4044 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 58 | Other 3 | Hide Preparation 144 | Bark used for tanning hides. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
2442 | Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung 170 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 6 | Other 3 | Hide Preparation 144 | Bark used for tanning. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6 |
41035 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 25 | Other 3 | Hide Preparation 144 | Bark used for tanning. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
24472 | Oplopanax horridus Miq. 2640 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 217 | Other 3 | Good Luck Charm 147 | Bark used for the acquisition of luck by hunters, fishers and shamanistic initiates. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
11142 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Washo 276 | n66 139 | 49 | Other 3 | Designs 167 | Bark used for the patterns in baskets. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
7330 | Betula sp. 585 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 192 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Bark used for tinder. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192 |
32385 | Quercus rubra L. 3285 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 242 | Other 3 | Hide Preparation 144 | Bark used in tanning and coloring. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 242 |
40007 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 162 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Bark used in the fire dancer's headdress to produce sparks and fire. A baking powder can with a copper tube in front and a flexible hose in the back was filled with burning red cedar outer bark. An aide to the Fire Dancer blew on the hose in the back to produce sparks and smoke at the front of the headdress, which concealed the can and embers. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
30425 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 498 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Bark used to bind bows considered a decorative contrast to the wood of the bows. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498 |
30426 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 498 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Bark used to bind bows in the middle and ends for strength. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498 |
15332 | Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville 1663 | Shoshoni 232 | m66 109 | 447 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Bark used to bind bundles of fine brush for acorn caches. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 447 |
11008 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Bark used to cover a circle of split beaver teeth and used as a gambling wheel. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
11009 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Blackfoot 23 | h92 30 | 21 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Bark used to cover split beaver teeth for gambling wheels. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21 |
41074 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 72 | Other 3 | Hide Preparation 144 | Bark used to cure hides. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 72 |
30384 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 127 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Bark used to decorate bows, 'tomahawk' handles and pipe stems. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127 |
12983 | Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1374 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 99 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark used to imbricate clematis bags. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 99 |
30385 | Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. 3166 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 127 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Bark used to imbricate split cedar root baskets. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127 |
18851 | Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little 2060 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 372 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark used to line and cover the fruit storing pits. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 372 |
39957 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 19 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to line cooking pits or cut in broad strips, plaited and used for dishes. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
2570 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 27 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Bark used to line pots for storing elderberries. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );