uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
5,494 rows where use_category = 3 sorted by use_subcategory
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory ▼ | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8279 | Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell. 762 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 38 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make tool handles. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38 |
8325 | Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don 766 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 38 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make tool handles. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38 |
8394 | Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. 768 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 38 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make tool handles. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38 |
8634 | Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. 808 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 328 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
8635 | Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. 808 | Modesse 145 | m66 109 | 223 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood made into the slender needle used in piercing the ear lobe of young girls. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
8636 | Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. 808 | Paiute 183 | stew33 65 | 244 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 244 |
8637 | Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. 808 | Tubatulabal 269 | v38 137 | 17 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Sharpened twigs used to pierce roasted pinons. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 17 |
8662 | Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn. 813 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 328 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
8669 | Ceanothus oliganthus Nutt. 815 | Pomo 200 | m66 109 | 288 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make the fire drill. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 288 |
8773 | Celtis laevigata Willd. 823 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 489 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Plant used to make squirting tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 489 |
8787 | Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson 822 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 41 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make tubes for bellows. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41 |
8794 | Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson 822 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 39 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make handles for axes and hoes. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 39 |
8871 | Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins 838 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 226 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make tool handles. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 226 |
8903 | Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. 841 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 98 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a root digger or Camas stick. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98 |
8904 | Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. 841 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 98 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make root diggers or camas sticks. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98 |
8906 | Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. 841 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 9 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Hard, enduring wood used for making 'camas sticks.' | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9 |
8948 | Cercocarpus montanus Raf. 842 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 35 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Dried sticks used as spindles for fire by friction. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
8949 | Cercocarpus montanus Raf. 842 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 35 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood made into small tools. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
8954 | Cercocarpus montanus Raf. 842 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 53 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make the handle of the weaving distaff. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 53 |
8963 | Cercocarpus montanus Raf. 842 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 30 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make tool handles and weaving combs. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
8965 | Cercocarpus montanus Raf. 842 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 45 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make rabbit sticks. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45 |
8969 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | California Indian 25 | m90 111 | 62 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for digging sticks. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 62 |
8972 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 298 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make implements. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 298 |
8973 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 384 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Hard wood used to make digging sticks. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384 |
8979 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 354 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood formerly used to make tools for digging Indian potatoes and worms out of the ground. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354 |
8982 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Modesse 145 | m66 109 | 223 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for digging sticks. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
8983 | Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin 843 | Wintoon 281 | m66 109 | 264 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
9064 | Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene 857 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 496 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Plant used as a bed for ripening persimmons. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 496 |
9102 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 313 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make adze handles. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313 |
9133 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 61 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make implements. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61 |
9317 | Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium 882 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 16 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stem used to draw the pus out of a boil or cut. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16 |
9574 | Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet 912 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 53 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Long limbs used as sticks to reach fruits and nuts too high to grasp by hand. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53 |
9813 | Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. 935 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 115 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Peeled stems used for piercing ears in preparation for wearing earrings. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 115 |
10105 | Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kkenth. 987 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 498 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Plant used to make medicine blowing tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 498 |
10106 | Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kkenth. 987 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 172 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to make medicine tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 172 |
10293 | Cleome multicaulis DC. 1025 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 51 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stalks used as a drill to start fires. The brittle stalks, about an inch in diameter were used for the drills which were whirled between the palms of the hands and were made to revolve on the edge of a larger stalk into which a notch had been cut. A pinch of sand was sometimes placed under the point of the drill which caused the wood to become a fine powder. This powder then ran down the notch and formed a little pile on the ground. Smoke was produced in less than a minute and in about two minutes tiny sparks dropped onto the pile of dry powder which took fire from them. By carefully feeding the fire with bits of dried bark and grass and with much blowing, a blaze was produced. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 51 |
10512 | Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. 1055 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 127 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Sprigs used to sprinkle water on the hot stones of the vapor bath. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127 |
10767 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 32 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make loom shuttles. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32 |
10886 | Cornus florida L. 1093 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 32 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make loom shuttles. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32 |
10931 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 496 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make implement handles. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496 |
10933 | Cornus obliqua Raf. 1097 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 54 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Branches used to stretch rat skins while drying. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 54 |
11037 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Crow 60 | h92 30 | 21 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Branches used to make forks for sweatlodge rocks. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21 |
11068 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Kutenai 120 | h92 30 | 21 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make pelt stretchers. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21 |
11121 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 92 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to make drying frames for beaver skins. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 92 |
11388 | Crataegus douglasii Lindl. 1123 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 258 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used for piercing ears. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258 |
11389 | Crataegus douglasii Lindl. 1123 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 454 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used to probe ripe boils and ulcers. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 454 |
11390 | Crataegus douglasii Lindl. 1123 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 258 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Strong wood used for digging sticks and axe handles. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258 |
11394 | Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii 1124 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 11 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for making 'camas sticks' for digging these and other roots. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11 |
11404 | Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii 1124 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 497 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used as probes for ripe boils and ulcers. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497 |
11430 | Crataegus sp. 1131 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 377 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used as awls. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
11434 | Crataegus sp. 1131 | Coeur d'Alene 47 | teit28 144 | 91 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make root diggers. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91 |
11441 | Crataegus sp. 1131 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 422 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Sharp thorns used for sewing awls on finer work such as buckskin sewing with sinew. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
11887 | Cyperus laevigatus L. 1199 | Hawaiian 90 | a22 68 | 9 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stem fibers used to remove all impurities in liquids. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 9 |
12070 | Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats. 1237 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 41 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stalks dried, split, drilled to make small holes and used as fire drill hearths. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41 |
12590 | Dipsacus fullonum L. 1316 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 78 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to card wool. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 78 |
12867 | Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow 1353 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Spines used as awls in the making of coiled basketry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
12868 | Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow 1353 | Panamint 187 | k52 163 | 83 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns formerly used as awls in basket making. | Kirk, R.E., 1952, Panamint Basketry, Masterkey 26(76-86):, page 83 |
13122 | Ephedra californica S. Wats. 1401 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing. The charcoal was mashed, a little water added and a design made with it on the skin. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
13138 | Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. 1403 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
13191 | Ephedra viridis Coville 1407 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 27 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
13333 | Equisetum arvense L. 1421 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 49 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as a file. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49 |
13360 | Equisetum hyemale L. 1422 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 204 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Joints pulled apart and used by children to produce a whistling sound. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 204 |
13500 | Equisetum sp. 1428 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 497 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used to sharpen and polish bone. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497 |
13538 | Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde 1431 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 58 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Leafless, fertile stems used as sandpaper in smoothing arrow shafts and drill shafts. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 58 |
13668 | Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa 1454 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 115 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Peeled stems used for piercing ears in preparation for wearing earrings. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 115 |
14012 | Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium (Benth.) Torr. & Gray 1507 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 29 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to pierce ears. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29 |
14719 | Fendlera rupicola Gray 1605 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 51 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make weaving forks, planting sticks and knitting needles. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 51 |
14802 | Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens 1626 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 319 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used for digging stick. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 319 |
14803 | Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens 1626 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 87 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for digging sticks. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 87 |
14826 | Fouquieria splendens Engelm. 1630 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 51 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Thorns used to pierce the ears of both sexes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51 |
15093 | Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper 1648 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 71 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make implement handles, especially D-adze handles. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
15112 | Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper 1648 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 115 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make D-adze handles. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115 |
15211 | Fraxinus americana L. 1655 | Micmac 141 | sd51 182 | 258 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to make axe and knife handles. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
15221 | Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. 1657 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 39 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make weaving tools. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 39 |
15227 | Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 1658 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 45 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45 |
15230 | Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 1658 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 32 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Peeled pole, ten or more feet in length, used to knock down pinyon cones. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
15231 | Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 1658 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 378 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make handles and small tools. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
15269 | Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1660 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 23 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make handles and ball bats. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
15285 | Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1660 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 235 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used for handles of various tools, such as hoes or axes. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235 |
15323 | Fraxinus velutina Torr. 1662 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 25 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood made into long prongs used to pick from saguaro cacti and pinyon pine trees. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 25 |
15324 | Fraxinus velutina Torr. 1662 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 25 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make a sharp tool for gathering mescal agave. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 25 |
15393 | Fucus gardneri Silva 1672 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 125 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Plant used with an open fire to steam heat kerfed boards to bend into red cedar bentwood boxes. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 125 |
15549 | Garrya elliptica Dougl. ex Lindl. 1696 | Yurok, South Coast (Nererner) 290 | m66 109 | 169 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood hardened by fire and used for mussel bars to pry the mussels off the rocks. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 169 |
16136 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 231 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Cotton twisted into thread, braided into a thick cord and used in the strike-a-light. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 231 |
16140 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 62 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Twisted, soaked in mutton tallow and used as a lampwick for soldering. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 62 |
16160 | Gramineae sp. 1770 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 8 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Bunches placed on trees as trail markers. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8 |
16161 | Gramineae sp. 1770 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 8 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used as trail markers. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8 |
16315 | Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby 1786 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 86 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Stems used for whirls when making fire by friction. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 86 |
17313 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 72 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Plant used to make needles for sewing tule and basket sedge. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72 |
17318 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 288 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288 |
17334 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 263 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make knitting needles. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 263 |
17337 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Nootka 167 | te82 41 | 72 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Plant used to make needles and harpoons. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72 |
17343 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 126 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126 |
17351 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Saanich 215 | tb71 23 | 86 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make camas bulb digging sticks and cambium scrapers. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86 |
17352 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Saanich 215 | tb71 23 | 86 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make knitting needles and cattail mat needles. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86 |
17354 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Salish 216 | tb73 63 | 288 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288 |
17357 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 86 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make camas bulb digging sticks and cambium scrapers. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86 |
17358 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 86 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make knitting needles and cattail mat needles. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86 |
17397 | Hordeum jubatum L. 1908 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 34 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to rub the skin off yucca stalks. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 34 |
18342 | Juncus balticus Willd. 2038 | Pomo 200 | g67 80 | 12 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Used to hold drilled clamshell beads in place when rolled on a stone slab to smooth them. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );