uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
11,078 rows where use_category = 1 sorted by use_subcategory
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory ▼ | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 | Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes 1 | Haisla 86 | g92 166 | 151 | Food 1 | Cambium used for food. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 151 | |
14 | Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes 1 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 316 | Food 1 | Inner bark used for food. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 316 | |
297 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 50 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 | |
312 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 97 | Food 1 | Inner bark used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 | |
345 | Abies sp. 8 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 484 | Food 1 | Gum chewed and swallowed. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484 | |
348 | Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. 10 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 39 | Food 1 | Roots ground, mixed with corn meal and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39 | |
352 | Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. 10 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 39 | Food 1 | Roots ground, mixed with corn meal and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39 | |
365 | Abronia latifolia Eschsch. 11 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 201 | Food 1 | Roots used for food. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201 | |
366 | Abronia latifolia Eschsch. 11 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 29 | Food 1 | Roots used for food. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29 | |
367 | Abronia latifolia Eschsch. 11 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 29 | Food 1 | Roots eaten in the fall. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29 | |
390 | Acacia greggii Gray 15 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 76 | Food 1 | Beans formerly used for food. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 76 | |
413 | Acer circinatum Pursh 22 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 197 | Food 1 | Sap eaten fresh. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197 | |
480 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 197 | Food 1 | Sap eaten fresh. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197 | |
483 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 248 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248 | |
513 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 77 | Food 1 | Cambium eaten in small quantities with oil. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77 | |
528 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 147 | Food 1 | Raw shoots used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147 | |
1095 | Achillea sp. 44 | Aleut 5 | bt51 194 | 29 | Food 1 | Species used for food. | Bank, II, Theodore P., 1951, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands I. Aleutian Vegetation and Aleut Culture, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 29 | |
1116 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 157 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157 | |
1118 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 375 | Food 1 | Seeds formerly used for food. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 375 | |
1134 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 11 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11 | |
1141 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Navajo 157 | c35 19 | 27 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 27 | |
1154 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Zuni 291 | c35 19 | 27 | Food 1 | Used especially in earlier times as an important source of food. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 27 | |
1156 | Achnatherum speciosum (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth 48 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 66 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. When ripe in June, the grass was cut off in bunches, tied together with stems of the grass and thrown over the shoulder into the carrying basket suspended on one's back. Two procedures were used in preparing the seeds for food. First, the grass was spread out on a flat rock, where it was allowed to dry a half day and then threshed by burning. If the fire burned too quickly, green spear grass was added to slow it down. The burned stalks were stirred and lifted with a green stick so that the seeds would fall out. The seeds were gathered and winnowed by being poured from one basket to another. Boiled, the seeds swelled 'like rice.' A cupful would fill a pot. Second, the grass was dried for a day or two and the seeds beaten out. They would be boiled whole or first pounded to a meal and then cooked. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66 | |
1172 | Acorus calamus L. 55 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 175 | Food 1 | Roots used for food. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 175 | |
1275 | Acorus calamus L. 55 | Dakota 61 | g13i 91 | 359 | Food 1 | Dried root chewed for the agreeable taste. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 359 | |
1308 | Acorus calamus L. 55 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 26 | Food 1 | Leaves and stalks used for food. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 26 | |
1513 | Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr. 67 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 30 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30 | |
1523 | Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr. 67 | Coahuilla 42 | b67 168 | 77 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. | Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 77 | |
1619 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 27 | Food 1 | Boiled nuts eaten with baked kelp, meat and seafood. Nuts were put into boiling water to loosen the husk. After the husk was removed, the nut meat was returned to boiling water and cooked until it was soft like cooked potatoes. The nut meat was then mashed with a mortar stone. The grounds could be strained at this stage or strained after soaking. The grounds would be soaked and leached a long time to remove the poisonous tannin. An older method was to peel the nuts and roast them in ashes until they were soft. They were then crushed and the meal was put in a sandy leaching basin beside a stream. For about five hours, the meal was leached with water from the stream. When the bitterness disappeared it was ready to eat without further cooking. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 27 | |
1623 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Tubatulabal 269 | v38 137 | 15 | Food 1 | Nuts used for food. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15 | |
1625 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 85 | Food 1 | Nut meats mashed and used for food. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 85 | |
1661 | Agaricus campestris 81 | Delaware 62 | t72 97 | 60 | Food 1 | Salted, boiled or fried in fat and used for food. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 60 | |
1715 | Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze 88 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 374 | Food 1 | Seeds formerly used for food. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 374 | |
1729 | Agave americana L. 89 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 155 | Food 1 | Tubers pit baked and eaten. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 | |
1737 | Agave americana L. 89 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 16 | Food 1 | Pit baked and extensively used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16 | |
1738 | Agave americana L. 89 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 61 | Food 1 | Pit baked and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 61 | |
1753 | Agave decipiens Baker 90 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 155 | Food 1 | Tubers pit baked and eaten. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 | |
1763 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 31 | Food 1 | Baked leaves eaten. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 | |
1764 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 31 | Food 1 | Flowers parboiled to release the bitterness and eaten. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 | |
1765 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 31 | Food 1 | Roasted stalks used for food. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 | |
1772 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 202 | Food 1 | Crowns gathered and pit-baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 202 | |
1774 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 13 | Food 1 | Roots and stalks baked overnight in a pit oven and used for food. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 13 | |
1775 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 61 | Food 1 | Pit baked and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 61 | |
1778 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 48 | Food 1 | Heads pit baked and eaten with pinole. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 48 | |
1793 | Agave palmeri Engelm. 93 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Crowns used for food. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 | |
1798 | Agave palmeri Engelm. 93 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 61 | Food 1 | Pit baked and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 61 | |
1802 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache 10 | c35 19 | 13 | Food 1 | Roots baked and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 13 | |
1803 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 35 | Food 1 | Bulbous crowns baked in pits, pulpy centers released, pounded into thin sheets and eaten. The Mescalero Apache were named for the food they made from mescal. In the pits where the crowns were baked, the largest rock was placed in the center and a cross made on it from black ashes. While the mescal baked, the women were supposed to stay away from their husbands, and if the crown was not completely roasted when removed from the pit, they were believed to have disobeyed. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 35 | |
1804 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 38 | Food 1 | Stalks roasted, boiled or eaten raw. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 38 | |
1823 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Crowns used for food. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 | |
1824 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Crowns used for food. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 | |
1840 | Agave schottii Engelm. 95 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 61 | Food 1 | Pit baked and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 61 | |
1841 | Agave sp. 96 | Apache, San Carlos 13 | h08 174 | 257 | Food 1 | Pit baked and used for food. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257 | |
1858 | Agave sp. 96 | Navajo 157 | b65 195 | 94 | Food 1 | Heads baked and eaten. | Brugge, David M., 1965, Navajo Use of Agave, Kiva 31(2):88-98, page 94 | |
1859 | Agave sp. 96 | Navajo 157 | b65 195 | 94 | Food 1 | Leaves boiled and eaten. | Brugge, David M., 1965, Navajo Use of Agave, Kiva 31(2):88-98, page 94 | |
1860 | Agave sp. 96 | Navajo 157 | b65 195 | 94 | Food 1 | Young and tender flowering stalks and shoots roasted and eaten. | Brugge, David M., 1965, Navajo Use of Agave, Kiva 31(2):88-98, page 94 | |
1866 | Agave sp. 96 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 259 | Food 1 | Flower stalk baked and soft, inner part used for food. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259 | |
1904 | Agoseris aurantiaca var. aurantiaca 103 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 383 | Food 1 | Leaves used for food. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 383 | |
1915 | Agoseris sp. 108 | Ute 272 | c09 142 | 36 | Food 1 | Leaves formerly used as food. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36 | |
1942 | Agropyron sp. 112 | Paiute 183 | stew33 65 | 243 | Food 1 | Species used for food. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 243 | |
1943 | Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman 113 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 91 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 91 | |
1948 | Alectoria jubata Acharius. 117 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 482 | Food 1 | Plant cooked and eaten. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482 | |
1949 | Alectoria jubata L. 118 | Coeur d'Alene 47 | teit28 144 | 91 | Food 1 | Formerly used for food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91 | |
1950 | Alectoria jubata L. 118 | Spokan 250 | teit28 144 | 344 | Food 1 | Species used for food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 344 | |
2017 | Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Wats.) Kuntze 130 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 69 | Food 1 | Ripe seeds winnowed, roasted, ground, water added, cooked and used for food. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 69 | |
2019 | Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Wats.) Kuntze 130 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 7 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 | |
2022 | Allium acuminatum Hook. 132 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 360 | Food 1 | Bulbs eaten in spring and early summer. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360 | |
2023 | Allium acuminatum Hook. 132 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 59 | Food 1 | Bulbs pit baked and used for food. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 | |
2024 | Allium acuminatum Hook. 132 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 380 | Food 1 | Bulbs relished by only old men and old women. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380 | |
2026 | Allium acuminatum Hook. 132 | Paiute 183 | k32 153 | 102 | Food 1 | Bulbs roasted and used for food. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 | |
2027 | Allium acuminatum Hook. 132 | Paiute 183 | k32 153 | 102 | Food 1 | Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 | |
2029 | Allium acuminatum Hook. 132 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 59 | Food 1 | Bulbs pit baked and used for food. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 | |
2030 | Allium acuminatum Hook. 132 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 74 | Food 1 | Strongly flavored bulbs eaten with other foods. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74 | |
2032 | Allium acuminatum Hook. 132 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 117 | Food 1 | Bulbs dug in the spring and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117 | |
2033 | Allium acuminatum Hook. 132 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 482 | Food 1 | Thick coated, spherical bulbs eaten. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482 | |
2034 | Allium acuminatum Hook. 132 | Ute 272 | c09 142 | 32 | Food 1 | Bulbs and leaves used for food. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32 | |
2036 | Allium anceps Kellogg 133 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 44 | Food 1 | Bulbs roasted in the sand and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44 | |
2037 | Allium bisceptrum S. Wats. 134 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 155 | Food 1 | Bulbs eaten raw and cooked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 | |
2038 | Allium bisceptrum S. Wats. 134 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 360 | Food 1 | Bulbs eaten in spring and early summer. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360 | |
2041 | Allium bisceptrum S. Wats. 134 | Paiute 183 | k32 153 | 102 | Food 1 | Bulbs roasted and used for food. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 | |
2042 | Allium bisceptrum S. Wats. 134 | Paiute 183 | k32 153 | 102 | Food 1 | Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 | |
2043 | Allium bisceptrum S. Wats. 134 | Ute 272 | c09 142 | 32 | Food 1 | Bulbs and leaves used for food. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32 | |
2045 | Allium bolanderi S. Wats. 136 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 380 | Food 1 | Bulbs relished by only old men and old women. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380 | |
2046 | Allium bolanderi S. Wats. 136 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 322 | Food 1 | Corms used for food. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 322 | |
2065 | Allium canadense L. 138 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 69 | Food 1 | Small, wild onion used for food. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 69 | |
2071 | Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey 139 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 71 | Food 1 | Fried bulbs used for food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 | |
2074 | Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey 139 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 71 | Food 1 | Fried bulbs used for food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 | |
2077 | Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey 139 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 71 | Food 1 | Fried bulbs used for food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 | |
2080 | Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey 139 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 71 | Food 1 | Fried bulbs used for food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 | |
2083 | Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey 139 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 71 | Food 1 | Fried bulbs used for food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 | |
2085 | Allium cepa L. 140 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 212 | Food 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212 | |
2089 | Allium cepa L. 140 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 31 | Food 1 | Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, and eaten immediately. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31 | |
2091 | Allium cepa L. 140 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 20 | Food 1 | Species used for food. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20 | |
2092 | Allium cepa L. 140 | Neeshenam 160 | p74 81 | 377 | Food 1 | Eaten raw, roasted or boiled. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377 | |
2093 | Allium cepa L. 140 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 77 | Food 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 77 | |
2094 | Allium cepa L. 140 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 505 | Food 1 | Plant used for food. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 505 | |
2102 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 199 | Food 1 | Bulbs eaten fresh. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199 | |
2117 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 47 | Food 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 | |
2118 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 196 | Food 1 | Bulbs eaten raw, cooked in pits or fried with meat. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 196 | |
2123 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 59 | Food 1 | Bulbs pit baked and used for food. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );