uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
11,078 rows where use_category = 1 sorted by rawsource
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource ▼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
26918 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | a39 167 | 716 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin chewed for pleasure. | Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716 |
39406 | Taraxacum sp. 3896 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | a39 167 | 716 | Food 1 | Scalded leaves used for food. | Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716 | |
6311 | Asclepias syriaca L. 446 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2205 | Food 1 | Young pods cooked with salt and vinegar. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2205 | |
6313 | Asclepias syriaca L. 446 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2205 | Food 1 | Vegetable 31 | Young shoots and flower buds cooked like spinach. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2205 |
8044 | Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood 730 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2207 | Food 1 | Sauce & Relish 7 | Ground roots mixed with salt, sugar or vinegar and used as a condiment or relish. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2207 |
9417 | Chenopodium album L. 894 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2209 | Food 1 | Vegetable 31 | Young plant cooked as greens. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2209 |
15004 | Fragaria virginiana Duchesne 1640 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2220 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used fresh or preserved. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2220 |
15007 | Fragaria virginiana Duchesne 1640 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2220 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries used fresh or preserved. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2220 |
30547 | Prunus pumila L. 3174 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2221 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Fruit used dried. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2221 |
30548 | Prunus pumila L. 3174 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2221 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit used fresh. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2221 |
30831 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2222 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries used dried. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2222 |
30833 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2222 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used fresh. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2222 |
30836 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2222 | Food 1 | Soup 56 | Dried berry powder mixed with dried meat flour for soup. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2222 |
34371 | Rubus canadensis L. 3444 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2223 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used fresh. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223 |
34372 | Rubus canadensis L. 3444 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2223 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries used preserved. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223 |
34544 | Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke 3454 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2223 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries used dried. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223 |
34546 | Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke 3454 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2223 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used fresh. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223 |
34721 | Rubus occidentalis L. 3461 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2224 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used fresh. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2224 |
34722 | Rubus occidentalis L. 3461 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2224 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries used preserved. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2224 |
41295 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2226 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Green flower dried and used for food. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2226 |
41296 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2226 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pollen used for flour. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2226 |
41297 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2226 | Food 1 | Green flower boiled and used for food. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2226 | |
39914 | Thuja occidentalis L. 3950 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2234 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves steeped for tea. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2234 |
3949 | Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. 303 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 17 | Food 1 | Sweet nectaries inside the sepal spurs bitten off and savored mostly by the younger people. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17 | |
4195 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 17 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17 |
4242 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 17 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17 |
4421 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Berries pulverized and made into a drink. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4424 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4432 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4690 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4691 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4704 | Arctostaphylos ?cinerea T.J. Howell (pro sp.) [canescens ? viscida] 330 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4705 | Arctostaphylos ?cinerea T.J. Howell (pro sp.) [canescens ? viscida] 331 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4908 | Armillaria ponderosa (PK.) Sacc. 376 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Species used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 | |
4909 | Armillaria ponderosa (PK.) Sacc. 376 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Species used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 | |
6082 | Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson 426 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex boiled, condensed and chewed. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19 |
6084 | Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson 426 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried latex chewed by the older people at their leisure. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19 |
6832 | Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt. 545 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 20 | Food 1 | Peduncles used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20 | |
7400 | Boschniakia strobilacea Gray 603 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 20 | Food 1 | Eaten when young. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20 | |
7401 | Boschniakia strobilacea Gray 603 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 20 | Food 1 | Species used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20 | |
7571 | Brodiaea elegans Hoover 630 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 21 | Food 1 | Vegetable 31 | Bulbs baked in sand with a fire built over them. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 21 |
7861 | Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene 700 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 21 | Food 1 | Vegetable 31 | Bulbs used for food. Bulbs were dug up with a stick and placed in a pit two feet in diameter. Leaves of Vitis californica were placed on the bottom, a layer of bulbs and then another layer of Vitis californica leaves. Finally a layer of dirt was added and a fire built on top. The mush formed was pure white and eaten by itself. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 21 |
9761 | Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. chrysophylla 928 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 24 | Food 1 | 'Nuts' roasted in coals and eaten. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 24 | |
9771 | Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. chrysophylla 928 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 24 | Food 1 | 'Nuts' shaken out of the dried fruits, rolled over hot coals and eaten. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 24 | |
9772 | Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. chrysophylla 928 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 24 | Food 1 | 'Nuts' used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 24 | |
10173 | Claytonia sibirica L. 1007 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 25 | Food 1 | Shoot tops eaten raw. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25 | |
11267 | Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp 1112 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 25 | Food 1 | Nuts used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25 | |
11297 | Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp 1112 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 25 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Nuts dried and stored for winter use. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
11298 | Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp 1112 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 25 | Food 1 | Nuts eaten fresh. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25 | |
11301 | Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp 1112 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 25 | Food 1 | Nuts eaten fresh. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25 | |
12466 | Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum 1292 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 27 | Food 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27 | |
12485 | Dichelostemma multiflorum (Benth.) Heller 1294 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 27 | Food 1 | Raw bulbs used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27 | |
12685 | Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt 1334 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 28 | Food 1 | Cooking Agent 131 | Leaves used to clean meats and to lay over meat to keep the flies off. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
13541 | Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde 1431 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 29 | Food 1 | Very small, fresh sprouts used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29 | |
13874 | Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. 1488 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 30 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Decoction of leaves and Pinus lambertiana pitch or leaves chewed and water taken as soothing drink. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30 |
14097 | Eriogonum nudum var. oblongifolium S. Wats. 1521 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 30 | Food 1 | Young shoots used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30 | |
14854 | Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill. 1632 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
14855 | Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill. 1632 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
14943 | Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt 1639 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
14956 | Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt 1639 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
15703 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
15704 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
16953 | Heracleum maximum Bartr. 1851 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 32 | Food 1 | Stem inner layers eaten raw. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32 | |
16961 | Heracleum maximum Bartr. 1851 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 32 | Food 1 | Stem inner layers eaten raw. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32 | |
16988 | Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer 1860 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 32 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32 |
16996 | Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer 1860 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 32 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten by children. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32 |
19756 | Ledum glandulosum Nutt. 2124 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 34 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves simmered to make tea. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
19757 | Ledum glandulosum Nutt. 2124 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 34 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves simmered to make a most prized tea. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
20194 | Ligusticum californicum Coult. & Rose 2175 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 34 | Food 1 | Roots used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 | |
20503 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorn paste made into patties and baked in hot coals. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20504 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Acorn flour used to make paste and gruel and flavored with venison and herbs. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20507 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20508 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make flour. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20509 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Acorn flour stored in large storage baskets. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20537 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20542 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make dough. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20543 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Soup 56 | Acorns used to make soup. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20544 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20545 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns leached and ground into flour. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
21687 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 38 | Food 1 | Root centers eaten after boiling eight times. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 | |
21695 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 38 | Food 1 | Root centers eaten after boiling eight times. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 | |
22408 | Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell 2415 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 39 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Young shoots and Polypodium rhizomes used to make tea. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
24127 | Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal 2596 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 41 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41 | |
24235 | Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon 2610 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 41 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit used for food. This was called the 'wood that lies' because it was the first to bloom in the spring and the last to set fruit. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
25163 | Oxalis oregana Nutt. 2709 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 42 | Food 1 | Plant eaten with dried fish. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42 | |
25164 | Oxalis oregana Nutt. 2709 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 42 | Food 1 | Plant eaten with dried fish. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42 | |
27753 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 44 | Food 1 | Roasted seeds used for food. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt. A fire was built on top. After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds. Some were stored over winter. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 | |
27755 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 44 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roasted seeds stored for winter use. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt. A fire was built on top. After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds. Some were stored over winter. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
29714 | Porphyra lanceolata (Setchell) G. M. Smith 3110 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 47 | Food 1 | Species used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47 | |
29715 | Porphyra lanceolata (Setchell) G. M. Smith 3110 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 47 | Food 1 | Species used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47 | |
30972 | Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. 3182 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 48 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
31167 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 48 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Young sprouts used to make tea. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
31229 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 48 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Young sprouts used to make tea. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
31230 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 48 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young sprouts used to chew. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
31943 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 49 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit buried from one to four years to kill the bugs and worms and used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49 |
32192 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 49 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit soaked in mud for a year and used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49 |
32236 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 49 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49 |
32241 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 49 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49 |
33448 | Ribes cruentum Greene 3365 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 50 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruits used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50 |
33627 | Ribes lobbii Gray 3378 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 50 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruits used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );