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Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB

11,078 rows where use_category = 1

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id ▼ species tribe source pageno use_category use_subcategory notes rawsource
7 Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes 1 Haisla 86 g92 166 151 Food 1   Cambium used for food. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 151
14 Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes 1 Kitasoo 112 c93 14 316 Food 1   Inner bark used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 316
17 Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes 1 Nitinaht 166 ttco83 101 71 Food 1 Candy 85 Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71
93 Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. 2 Micmac 141 sd51 182 258 Food 1 Beverage 27 Bark used to make a beverage. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258
168 Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 Nitinaht 166 ttco83 101 71 Food 1 Candy 85 Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71
192 Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 Shuswap 233 palmer75 92 50 Food 1 Beverage 27 Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, made into a drink. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50
193 Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 Shuswap 233 palmer75 92 50 Food 1 Candy 85 Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, chewed. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50
211 Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 Thompson 259 tta90 10 97 Food 1 Beverage 27 Branch tips sometimes steeped to make a tea like beverage. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97
236 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 100 Food 1 Candy 85 Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. The confection was an aid to digestion as well as a delicacy. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100
237 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 100 Food 1 Candy 85 Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100
238 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 100 Food 1 Candy 85 Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100
239 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 123 Food 1 Candy 85 Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123
297 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Shuswap 233 palmer75 92 50 Food 1   Seeds used for food. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50
312 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Thompson 259 tta90 10 97 Food 1   Inner bark used for food. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97
345 Abies sp. 8 Thompson 259 steed28 33 484 Food 1   Gum chewed and swallowed. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484
348 Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. 10 Acoma 2 c35 19 39 Food 1   Roots ground, mixed with corn meal and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39
352 Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. 10 Laguna 124 c35 19 39 Food 1   Roots ground, mixed with corn meal and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39
365 Abronia latifolia Eschsch. 11 Clallam 41 f80 99 201 Food 1   Roots used for food. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201
366 Abronia latifolia Eschsch. 11 Klallam 114 g73 25 29 Food 1   Roots used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29
367 Abronia latifolia Eschsch. 11 Makah 133 g73 25 29 Food 1   Roots eaten in the fall. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29
374 Acacia greggii Gray 15 Cahuilla 24 bs72 31 29 Food 1 Porridge 44 Dried pods ground into flour and used to make mush or cakes. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29
375 Acacia greggii Gray 15 Cahuilla 24 bs72 31 29 Food 1 Vegetable 31 Pods eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29
377 Acacia greggii Gray 15 Diegueno 65 h75 122 218 Food 1 Fodder 50 Used to feed domesticated animals. Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 218
380 Acacia greggii Gray 15 Havasupai 89 ws85 2 225 Food 1 Bread & Cake 2 Seeds stored, roasted, ground and made into bread. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225
390 Acacia greggii Gray 15 Pima 193 r08 104 76 Food 1   Beans formerly used for food. Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 76
394 Acacia greggii Gray 15 Pima, Gila River 195 r91 136 7 Food 1 Starvation Food 113 Seeds used as 'starvation food.' Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7
395 Acacia greggii Gray 15 Seri 229 d44 29 136 Food 1 Porridge 44 Beans ground into a meal, mixed with water or sea lion oil and eaten. Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136
412 Acer circinatum Pursh 22 Clallam 41 f80 99 197 Food 1 Dried Food 4 Sap eaten dried. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197
413 Acer circinatum Pursh 22 Clallam 41 f80 99 197 Food 1   Sap eaten fresh. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197
440 Acer glabrum Torr. 23 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 100 Food 1 Spice 86 Dried, crushed leaves used to spice stored meat. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100
474 Acer glabrum var. neomexicanum (Greene) Kearney & Peebles 25 Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 co36 95 44 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap collected and boiled to obtain syrup and sugar. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44
479 Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 Clallam 41 f80 99 197 Food 1 Dried Food 4 Sap eaten dried. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197
480 Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 Clallam 41 f80 99 197 Food 1   Sap eaten fresh. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197
483 Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 Costanoan 50 b84 16 248 Food 1   Seeds used for food. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248
484 Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 Cowichan 52 tb71 23 77 Food 1 Spice 86 Leaves used in steaming pits to flavor deer, seal or porpoise meat. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77
512 Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 Saanich 215 tb71 23 77 Food 1 Spice 86 Leaves used in steaming pits to flavor deer, seal or porpoise meat. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77
513 Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 Salish, Coast 217 tb71 23 77 Food 1   Cambium eaten in small quantities with oil. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77
527 Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 Thompson 259 tta90 10 147 Food 1 Sauce & Relish 7 Sap boiled to make a type of maple syrup. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147
528 Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 Thompson 259 tta90 10 147 Food 1   Raw shoots used for food. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147
529 Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 Thompson 259 tta90 10 147 Food 1 Vegetable 31 Sprouted seeds boiled and eaten as green vegetables. The sprouted seeds were generally bitter, but the young shoots were considered to be quite sweet and juicy. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147
539 Acer negundo L. 27 Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 co36 95 44 Food 1 Dried Food 4 Inner bark scrapings dried and kept for winter use. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44
540 Acer negundo L. 27 Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 co36 95 44 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Inner bark boiled until sugar crystallizes out of it. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44
542 Acer negundo L. 27 Cheyenne 33 h81 57 13 Food 1 Candy 85 Sap boiled, added to animal hide shavings and eaten as a relished candy. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 13
543 Acer negundo L. 27 Cheyenne 33 h92 30 4 Food 1 Candy 85 Sap mixed with shavings from inner sides of animal hides and eaten as candy. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4
548 Acer negundo L. 27 Dakota 61 g13i 91 366 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 366
554 Acer negundo L. 27 Montana Indian 151 h92 30 4 Food 1 Sauce & Relish 7 Sap boiled or frozen and used as a sweet syrup. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4
560 Acer negundo L. 27 Ojibwa 173 smith32 20 394 Food 1 Beverage 27 Sap mixed with the sap of the sugar maple and used as a beverage. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394
561 Acer negundo L. 27 Omaha 177 g13ii 154 329 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap boiled to make sugar and syrup. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329
562 Acer negundo L. 27 Omaha 177 g19 17 101 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101
565 Acer negundo L. 27 Pawnee 190 g19 17 101 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101
566 Acer negundo L. 27 Ponca 205 g19 17 101 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101
568 Acer negundo L. 27 Winnebago 280 g19 17 101 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101
569 Acer negundo var. interius (Britt.) Sarg. 28 Cree 54 j87 146 44 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 44
573 Acer negundo var. negundo 29 Sioux 238 b05 73 16 Food 1 Staple 75 Sap boiled down in the spring and made into sugar. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 16
574 Acer nigrum Michx. f. 30 Ojibwa 173 r28 8 234 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234
593 Acer pensylvanicum L. 31 Micmac 141 sd51 182 258 Food 1 Beverage 27 Bark used to make a beverage. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258
602 Acer rubrum L. 32 Abnaki 1 r47 84 170 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 170
603 Acer rubrum L. 32 Abnaki 1 r47 84 152 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Used as a sweetener. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 152
604 Acer rubrum L. 32 Algonquin, Quebec 7 b80 67 99 Food 1 Sauce & Relish 7 Sap used to make syrup. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 99
605 Acer rubrum L. 32 Algonquin, Quebec 7 b80 67 99 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 99
620 Acer rubrum L. 32 Iroquois 100 w16 112 119 Food 1 Bread & Cake 2 Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119
646 Acer saccharinum L. 34 Chippewa 38 gil33 15 136 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136
648 Acer saccharinum L. 34 Dakota 61 g19 17 100 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100
650 Acer saccharinum L. 34 Iroquois 100 w16 112 146 Food 1 Beverage 27 Sap fermented and used as an intoxicant. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 146
651 Acer saccharinum L. 34 Iroquois 100 w16 112 142 Food 1 Beverage 27 Sap, thimbleberries and water used to make a drink for home consumption and longhouse ceremonies. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142
652 Acer saccharinum L. 34 Iroquois 100 w16 112 119 Food 1 Bread & Cake 2 Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119
653 Acer saccharinum L. 34 Iroquois 100 w16 112 142 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142
656 Acer saccharinum L. 34 Ojibwa 173 r28 8 234 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234
663 Acer saccharinum L. 34 Omaha 177 g13ii 154 328 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap boiled to make sugar and syrup. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 328
664 Acer saccharinum L. 34 Omaha 177 g19 17 100 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100
665 Acer saccharinum L. 34 Ponca 205 g19 17 100 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100
667 Acer saccharinum L. 34 Winnebago 280 g19 17 100 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100
668 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Algonquin, Quebec 7 b80 67 98 Food 1 Sauce & Relish 7 Sap used to make syrup. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 98
669 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Algonquin, Quebec 7 b80 67 98 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 98
672 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Cherokee 32 hc75 1 44 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Juice used to make sugar. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44
673 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Cherokee 32 perry75 86 32 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 32
677 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Dakota 61 g19 17 100 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap formerly used to make sugar. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100
684 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Iroquois 100 w16 112 146 Food 1 Beverage 27 Sap fermented and used as an intoxicant. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 146
685 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Iroquois 100 r45ii 59 52 Food 1 Beverage 27 Sap made into sugar and used to make beer. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 52
686 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Iroquois 100 w16 112 142 Food 1 Beverage 27 Sap, thimbleberries and water used to make a drink for home consumption and longhouse ceremonies. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142
687 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Iroquois 100 w16 112 119 Food 1 Bread & Cake 2 Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119
688 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Iroquois 100 r45ii 59 52 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 52
689 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Iroquois 100 w16 112 142 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used to make sugar. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142
691 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Malecite 134 sd52 78 6 Food 1 Sauce & Relish 7 Used to make maple syrup. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6
692 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Malecite 134 sd52 78 6 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Used to make maple syrup and sugar. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6
694 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Menominee 138 s23 51 61 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Boiled sap made into maple sugar and used in almost every combination of cookery. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 61
695 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Meskwaki 139 smith28 21 255 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Maple sugar used instead of salt as seasoning in cooking. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 255
697 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Micmac 141 sd51 182 258 Food 1 Beverage 27 Bark used to make a beverage. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258
698 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Micmac 141 sd51 182 258 Food 1 Sauce & Relish 7 Sap used to make maple syrup and maple sugar. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258
701 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Mohegan 149 t72 97 69 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Sap used as a sweetening agent and to make maple syrup. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69
702 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Ojibwa 173 smith32 20 394 Food 1 Beverage 27 Sap saved to drink as it comes from the tree, alone or mixed with box elder or birch sap. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394
703 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Ojibwa 173 smith32 20 394 Food 1 Sour 163 Sap allowed to sour to make vinegar and mixed with maple sugar to cook sweet and sour meat. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394
704 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Ojibwa 173 smith32 20 394 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Maple sugar used to season all kinds of meats, replaced now with salt. Smith describes in detail the process by which the Ojibwe make maple syrup. Although now (1932) they use iron kettles, originally the sap and storage vessels were 'made of birch bark, sewed with boiled basswood fiber or the core of the jack pine root.' The vessels are rendered waterproof by the application of pitch secured by boiling jack pine cones. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394
708 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Potawatomi 206 smith33 43 92 Food 1 Beverage 27 Maple sap, as it came from the tree, drunk by children. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92
709 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Potawatomi 206 smith33 43 92 Food 1 Candy 85 Children made taffy by cooling the maple sap in the snow. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92
710 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Potawatomi 206 smith33 43 92 Food 1 Sour 163 Maple sap not only furnished the sugar for seasoning material but also furnished the vinegar. Sap that was allowed to become sour made a vinegar to be used in cooking venison which was afterwards sweetened with maple sugar. This corresponds somewhat to the German 'sweet and sour' style of cooking. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92
711 Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 Potawatomi 206 smith33 43 92 Food 1 Sweetener 135 Maple sugar used, instead of salt, to season all cooking. The sugar maple and the black sugar maple are found all over Wisconsin and were considered to be the most valuable trees in the forest because they furnished them their seasoning material. While they do use salt today, it is an acquired ingredient and most of the old people would prefer to have sugar for their seasoning. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92
752 Achillea millefolium L. 38 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 100 Food 1 Beverage 27 Leaves and flowers used to make a pleasant tea. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100
813 Achillea millefolium L. 38 Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 c93 14 220 Food 1 Forage 5 Plant eaten by bears. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 220
847 Achillea millefolium L. 38 Klamath 115 c97 66 105 Food 1 Preservative 83 Stem, leaf and flower placed inside fish cavity as a preservative. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105

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CREATE TABLE uses (
        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
        species INTEGER NOT NULL,
        tribe INTEGER NOT NULL,
        source INTEGER NOT NULL,
        pageno TEXT NOT NULL,
        use_category INTEGER,
        use_subcategory INTEGER,
        notes TEXT,
        rawsource TEXT NOT NULL,
        FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id),
        FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id),
        FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id),
        FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id),
        FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id)
        );