uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
160 rows where species = 4043 sorted by use_subcategory
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory ▼ | notes | rawsource |
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40945 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Chehalis 31 | g73 25 | 17 | Dye 5 | Inner bark made into a dye and used on fish nets to make them invisible to fish and attract them. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 | |
41002 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 318 | Food 1 | Inner bark soaked in oolichan grease, drained, cooked and eaten with sugar. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318 | |
41044 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 238 | Food 1 | Young growth used for food. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 238 | |
41053 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Food 1 | Inner bark used for food. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 | |
41089 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Wet'suwet'en 278 | g92 166 | 150 | Food 1 | Cambium used for food. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 150 | |
40931 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 146 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Inner bark roasted in a pit oven, sometimes mixed with dried berries and pressed into cakes. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 146 |
40975 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 180 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Cambium formed into cakes, cooked, dried, powdered, mixed with water, grease and fruit and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
41034 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 25 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Cambium made into a coarse bread. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
40940 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 198 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Inner bark steamed overnight, pounded, formed into balls, sun dried and eaten in winter. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
40962 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Haisla 86 | c93 14 | 180 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Cambium cooked in skunk cabbage leaves, pounded, dried and stored for winter use. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
41001 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 318 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Inner bark boiled and dried for storage. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318 |
41052 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Inner bark dried for future use. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
41073 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 72 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Cambium dried in sheets and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 72 |
40935 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Bella Coola 21 | s29 9 | 51 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Warm gum applied to cuts. | Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
40952 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Infusion of plants used as wash for skin sores. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
40953 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Pitch used to prevent chapping. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
40985 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Gum & deer grease used on fur seal hunters faces to prevent skin from cracking & peeling in the sun. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40986 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Gum and deer grease used for healing sores on the face. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40987 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Pitch and deer fat used as salve to prevent and soothe sunburn. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40988 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Pitch and deer fat used on faces to heal abrasions cause by rubbing on hunting camouflage. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40989 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Poultice of chewed needles used for burns. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
41012 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kwakiutl 121 | tb73 63 | 270 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Cold infusion of scraped, pounded bark applied to sores. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
41013 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kwakiutl 121 | tb73 63 | 270 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Moxa of twigs used to cauterize warts and moles. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
41025 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Makah 133 | ttco83 101 | 74 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Pitch used as a sunburn preventative and rubbed on hair to remove lice. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
41026 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Pitch used to prevent sunburn. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41027 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Poultice of bark applied to obstinate sores. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41036 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 74 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Infusion of bark, grand fir and red alder barks taken for bruises. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
41061 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Quileute 209 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Poultice of chewed plants applied to swellings. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41076 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Infusion of plants used as wash for skin sores. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41020 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kwakwaka'wakw 123 | c93 14 | 71 | Drug 2 | Ceremonial Medicine 12 | Plant considered to have special powers to purify and cure. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
41050 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Drug 2 | Ceremonial Medicine 12 | Plant considered to have special powers to purify and cure. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
40956 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Gitksan 78 | g92 166 | 152 | Drug 2 | Gastrointestinal Aid 14 | Cambium used as a 'cleanser.' | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
40982 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40983 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make mallets. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
41087 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 111 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Broken boughs used by the handful like a bath brush. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111 |
40958 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Gitksan 78 | g92 166 | 152 | Drug 2 | Other 18 | Inner bark used for elimination of hard or sharp swallowed objects. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
40991 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Other 18 | Decoction or infusion of bark, from inside of a crevice, taken for phlebitis. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
41065 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Cold Remedy 21 | Poultice of pitch and ground bark applied to child's chest for a cold. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41083 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 111 | Drug 2 | Cold Remedy 21 | Infusion of bark used for colds. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111 |
41015 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kwakiutl 121 | tb73 63 | 270 | Drug 2 | Gynecological Aid 22 | Hemlock used as wash & tree tips prayed to by pregnant women to aid delivery. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
41060 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Boughs used to make play houses. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
40954 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Eye Medicine 25 | Infusion of plants used as wash for sore eyes. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
40990 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Eye Medicine 25 | Boughs used by girls, at puberty ceremony, to prevent eye disease to herself and future children. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
41014 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kwakiutl 121 | tb73 63 | 270 | Drug 2 | Eye Medicine 25 | Infusion of boughs used as a wash for upper lids of inflamed eyes. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
41077 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Eye Medicine 25 | Infusion of plants used as wash for sore eyes. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41072 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Other 3 | Paint 26 | Bark mashed with salmon eggs to make a yellow-orange paint for dip nets and paddles. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
40942 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Bellabella 22 | t73 53 | 198 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Boughs used to collect herring spawn. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
40949 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 195 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Limbs cut, placed around rocks in tidal areas and used to gather ling cod eggs. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195 |
40950 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 195 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Saplings used for fish trap stanchions. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195 |
40971 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Boughs used as camouflage by hunters. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40972 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Boughs used to gather herring roe. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40980 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Wood used to make piles for anchoring oolichan nets. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40997 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Entire trees anchored upside down under the water to collect herring spawn. At herring spawning time, in spring, entire hemlock trees were cut and anchored upside down under the water. The spawn stuck on the branches. The branches were then broken off and the spawn peeled away and eaten fresh, usually after steam-cooking. If for later use, the branches were hung outside to be wind dried. When one wanted to eat some, he would soak the branches and rub them to remove the spawn. While being cooked, the eggs would swell and float to the surface and could be scooped off and eaten. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40998 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Hemlock & fern bundles rubbed on hunters' face & arms to prevent sea mammals from noticing them. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
41003 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 318 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Boughs submerged in herring spawning areas to collect the roe. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318 |
41008 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 17 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Saplings used as stanchions of fish traps strung across a stream. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41009 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Klallam 114 | g27 114 | 202 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Twigs laid in rivers and used to collect herring eggs. | Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 202 |
41024 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Lummi 129 | g73 25 | 17 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Young trees used as poles for large dip nets. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41032 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 17 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Boughs immersed in the water and used to collect herring eggs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41047 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 74 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Boughs used to catch herring spawn. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
41048 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 74 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Hard, dense knots used to make molded halibut hooks. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
41049 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 53 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Wood knots used to make halibut hooks. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53 |
41057 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Fresh boughs used to gather herring roe. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
41058 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Wood used to make octopus spears. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
41071 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Young trees used as walkways on top of fish weirs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41080 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 17 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Young trees used in fish trap construction. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
40968 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Boughs used among several botanical materials in ritual purification practices. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40996 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Boughs used by girls at puberty for rubbing ceremony. Girls at puberty were brushed on the arms and face with boughs, which were bundled together with soft, fern fronds. The bundle was fist-sized, with needled hemlock twigs sticking out from both ends. Before the rubbing ceremony began, the girl would go down to the edge of the water at sunrise and, four separate times, would dip the branches in the water, suck the water from the branches, then blow it out in a fine spray. At the same time, she would dip her face in the water with her eyes open, four times, each time lifting her head and spraying out the water. This was said to prevent eye disease to herself and future children. All bundles used for this purpose were subsequently deposited in a special place. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
41017 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Wood used to carve masks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
41045 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 74 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Boughs used as scrubbers in the manhood training rituals of young boys. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
41054 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Boughs made into headdresses and worn by dancers in the Ghost dance. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
41055 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Inner bark and grease made into realistic eyeballs and used in the corpse for the hamatsa ceremony. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
40969 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Boughs used under cleaned salmon while draining. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40976 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Boughs used in processing salmon. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40977 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Boughs used to wrap and cover foods in earth ovens. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
41018 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to carve dishes and spoons. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
41056 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Boughs used to roast fern roots. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
40932 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Bella Coola 21 | s29 9 | 51 | Drug 2 | Antirheumatic (External) 35 | Poultice of compound containing gum applied to the arms for rheumatism. | Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
41066 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Laxative 36 | Infusion of plants taken as a laxative. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
40946 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Chehalis 31 | g73 25 | 17 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Wood used extensively for firewood. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41046 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 74 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Slow burning wood used to bank up fires overnight. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
41070 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Wood used extensively for firewood. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41038 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 74 | Drug 2 | Orthopedic Aid 39 | Infusion of bark, grand fir and red alder barks taken for broken bones. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
40999 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 58 | Drug 2 | Emetic 40 | Bark used as an emetic. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
41062 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 58 | Drug 2 | Emetic 40 | Bark used as an emetic. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
41067 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Pediatric Aid 42 | Poultice of pitch and ground bark applied to child's chest for a cold. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41081 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Snohomish 245 | g73 25 | 17 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Inner bark used as a dye for baskets. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
40944 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Chehalis 31 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Venereal Aid 46 | Decoction of pounded bark taken for syphilis. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
40943 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Chehalis 31 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Tuberculosis Remedy 49 | Decoction of pounded bark taken for tuberculosis. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
40992 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Tuberculosis Remedy 49 | Decoction or infusion of bark, from inside of a crevice, taken for tuberculosis and rheumatic fever. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
41006 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 17 | Drug 2 | Tuberculosis Remedy 49 | Infusion of plant tips taken for tuberculosis. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41075 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 53 | Drug 2 | Tuberculosis Remedy 49 | Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53 |
41086 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 111 | Other 3 | Incense & Fragrance 53 | Boughs steamed or rubbed on furniture and used as a room deodorizer and disinfectant. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111 |
40978 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Wood made into rings and used to fasten oolichan nets to the piles. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40973 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Boughs made into hoops and used to combat witchcraft. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
41023 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kwakwaka'wakw 123 | c93 14 | 71 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Four rings of boughs used to negate the effects of evil spirits. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
41059 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Four rings of boughs and ritual bathing used to negate the effects of evil spirits. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
40961 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Gitksan 78 | g92 166 | 150 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Inner bark used as a survival food in winter. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 150 |
40965 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Haisla 86 | g92 166 | 150 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Inner bark used as a survival food in winter. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 150 |
40967 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 180 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Cambium dried, pounded, served with oolichan grease and Pacific crabapples and used as winter food. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );