uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
286 rows where source = 70 sorted by use_subcategory descending
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory ▲ | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12687 | Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt 1334 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 28 | Other 3 | Designs 167 | Spores used to make designs on hands. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
25956 | Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis 2825 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 45 | Other 3 | Designs 167 | Spores used by children to make a design on their hands. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45 |
41675 | Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. 4056 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 59 | Other 3 | Good Luck Charm 147 | Leaves burned, to take bad luck away, in the house or the smoke waved over people as they leave. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
32662 | Ranunculus californicus Benth. 3303 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 49 | Other 3 | Musical Instrument 146 | Stems split and sucked on to make sounds. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49 |
10368 | Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze 1029 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 54 | Drug 2 | Love Medicine 133 | Infusion of leaves taken as an aphrodisiac. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 54 |
37746 | Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. 3654 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 55 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Wood used to make canoes and traded to the Karok. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55 |
12685 | Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt 1334 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 28 | Food 1 | Cooking Agent 131 | Leaves used to clean meats and to lay over meat to keep the flies off. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
6066 | Asarum caudatum Lindl. 422 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 19 | Drug 2 | Disinfectant 129 | Poultice of leaves applied for any infections. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19 |
25162 | Oxalis oregana Nutt. 2709 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 42 | Drug 2 | Disinfectant 129 | Poultice of plant applied to draw out infections. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
28978 | Polypodium californicum Kaulfuss 3075 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 46 | Drug 2 | Disinfectant 129 | Rhizomes used as an 'antibiotic' for infections. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
20541 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Drug 2 | Strengthener 128 | Acorn mush taken by old people on their death bed to survive the day. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
4234 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 17 | Other 3 | Jewelry 125 | Berries used to make necklaces. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17 |
18568 | Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. 2055 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 34 | Other 3 | Jewelry 125 | Dried berries used for beads to make necklaces. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
27757 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 44 | Other 3 | Jewelry 125 | Seeds used as beads in jewelry. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
13434 | Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun 1424 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 29 | Fiber 4 | Scouring Material 124 | Stems used to sandpaper madrone spoons. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29 |
4420 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 18 | Drug 2 | Antidote 122 | Plant used for poisoning from Toxicodendron diversiloba. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
40460 | Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene 3972 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 58 | Drug 2 | Antidote 122 | Buds eaten in the spring to obtain immunity from the plant poisons. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58 |
7998 | Cardamine californica var. californica 728 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 27 | Other 3 | Season Indicator 115 | First plant to flower in the spring. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
39482 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 57 | Fiber 4 | Sewing Material 102 | Leaves used to sew sacks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57 |
18019 | Iris innominata Henderson 2009 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Roots and leaves used to make cordage. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
18060 | Iris tenax ssp. klamathensis Lenz 2014 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Used to make cordage. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
31546 | Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood 3216 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 48 | Drug 2 | Anticonvulsive 97 | Poultice of pulverized leaves applied for Toxicodendron poisoning. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
42358 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 61 | Fiber 4 | Brushes & Brooms 93 | Branches used as a broom. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61 |
42361 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 61 | Fiber 4 | Brushes & Brooms 93 | Branches used as brooms. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61 |
42374 | Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville 4086 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 61 | Fiber 4 | Brushes & Brooms 93 | Branches used as brooms. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61 |
37742 | Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. 3654 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 55 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Wood used for building materials. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55 |
37744 | Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. 3654 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 55 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Wood used for building materials. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55 |
21694 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 38 | Drug 2 | Misc. Disease Remedy 87 | Roots used in a steam for stroke. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
33646 | Ribes nevadense Kellogg 3384 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 50 | Food 1 | Spice 86 | Leaves placed between seaweed patties to keep them from sticking and flavors the patties. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50 |
6082 | Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson 426 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex boiled, condensed and chewed. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19 |
6084 | Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson 426 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried latex chewed by the older people at their leisure. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19 |
31230 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 48 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young sprouts used to chew. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
40445 | Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene 3972 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 58 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Plant chewed like tobacco, 'just to raise heck.' | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58 |
40690 | Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) T.J. Howell 4018 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 59 | Drug 2 | Burn Dressing 82 | Poultice of bulb scrapings applied to burns. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
9594 | Chimaphila menziesii (R. Br. ex D. Don) Spreng. 914 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 23 | Drug 2 | Urinary Aid 80 | Decoction of leaves taken for kidney and bladder troubles. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23 |
39566 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 57 | Other 3 | Smoking Tools 79 | Wood used to make pipes. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57 |
5061 | Artemisia douglasiana Bess. 394 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 18 | Other 3 | Insecticide 76 | Shoots used with drying salmon to keep 'salmon beetles' away. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
12041 | Darlingtonia californica Torr. 1232 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 27 | Other 3 | Insecticide 76 | Plant ate insects. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
41676 | Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. 4056 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 59 | Other 3 | Insecticide 76 | Plant put under the bed to rid it of fleas. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
20507 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20508 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make flour. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20537 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20544 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20545 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns leached and ground into flour. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
536 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 15 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark fibers used to make women's skirts. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15 |
4232 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 17 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Inner bark sewn together to make an 'every day dress.' | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17 |
41403 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 59 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Leaves woven together to make raincoats. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
41418 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 59 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Leaves woven together to make raincoats. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
43733 | Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt. 4217 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 63 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Small leaves used to make dresses. Plants were burned every year. Leaves were harvested in the spring when they first began to grow out from their charred rhizome. Prior to use, the leaves were soaked in water to make them pliable, but if left too long they turned green. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63 |
21879 | Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. 2370 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 38 | Dye 5 | Yellow 72 | Root used to dye porcupine quills yellow. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21976 | Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don 2376 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 38 | Dye 5 | Yellow 72 | Root used to dye porcupine quills yellow. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
37743 | Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. 3654 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 55 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoes. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55 |
37745 | Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. 3654 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 55 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoes. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55 |
21975 | Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don 2376 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 38 | Drug 2 | Tonic 69 | Root used in a tonic. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
4419 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 18 | Drug 2 | Antidiarrheal 68 | Leaves used for diarrhea. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
7382 | Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. 592 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 20 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Leaves used for bedding. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
29153 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 46 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Leaves used for bedding. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
41419 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 59 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Leaves woven together to make a mat. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
20730 | Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2232 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 37 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Root chewed and smoked in the pipe. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
23909 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 41 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked for leisure. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
20509 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Acorn flour stored in large storage baskets. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
27755 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 44 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roasted seeds stored for winter use. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt. A fire was built on top. After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds. Some were stored over winter. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
20543 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Soup 56 | Acorns used to make soup. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
4195 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 17 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17 |
4242 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 17 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17 |
4424 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4691 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4705 | Arctostaphylos ?cinerea T.J. Howell (pro sp.) [canescens ? viscida] 331 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
14854 | Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill. 1632 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
14855 | Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill. 1632 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
14943 | Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt 1639 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
14956 | Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt 1639 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
15703 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
15704 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
16988 | Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer 1860 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 32 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32 |
16996 | Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer 1860 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 32 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten by children. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32 |
24235 | Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon 2610 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 41 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit used for food. This was called the 'wood that lies' because it was the first to bloom in the spring and the last to set fruit. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
30972 | Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. 3182 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 48 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
31943 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 49 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit buried from one to four years to kill the bugs and worms and used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49 |
32192 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 49 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit soaked in mud for a year and used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49 |
32236 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 49 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49 |
32241 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 49 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49 |
33448 | Ribes cruentum Greene 3365 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 50 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruits used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50 |
33627 | Ribes lobbii Gray 3378 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 50 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruits used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50 |
33688 | Ribes roezlii Regel 3391 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 50 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50 |
33693 | Ribes roezlii Regel 3391 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 50 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50 |
34607 | Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray 3457 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 51 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit eaten fresh. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51 |
34656 | Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray 3457 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 51 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit eaten fresh. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51 |
34876 | Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 3463 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 51 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit eaten fresh. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51 |
35043 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 51 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries eaten fresh. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51 |
35045 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 51 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries eaten fresh. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51 |
35114 | Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht. 3474 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 52 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit eaten fresh. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 52 |
35123 | Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht. 3474 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 52 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries eaten fresh. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 52 |
36624 | Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli 3565 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 53 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
36919 | Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa 3569 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 53 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
39483 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 57 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries eaten one at a time. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57 |
41664 | Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. 4056 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 59 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit shelled, roasted and eaten. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
41673 | Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. 4056 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 59 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
42221 | Vaccinium ovatum Pursh 4083 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 60 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
42245 | Vaccinium ovatum Pursh 4083 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 60 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh berries used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );