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Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
286 rows where source = 70 sorted by id descending
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id ▲ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
28978 | Polypodium californicum Kaulfuss 3075 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 46 | Drug 2 | Disinfectant 129 | Rhizomes used as an 'antibiotic' for infections. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
28480 | Plantago major L. 3001 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 46 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Poultice of steamed leaves applied to boils. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
28368 | Plantago australis ssp. hirtella (Kunth) Rahn 2997 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 45 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Poultice of steamed leaves applied to boils. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45 |
28367 | Plantago australis ssp. hirtella (Kunth) Rahn 2997 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 45 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Poultice of leaves applied to cuts and boils. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45 |
27959 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 45 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Bigger roots used for basketry. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45 |
27757 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 44 | Other 3 | Jewelry 125 | Seeds used as beads in jewelry. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
27755 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 44 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roasted seeds stored for winter use. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt. A fire was built on top. After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds. Some were stored over winter. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
27753 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 44 | Food 1 | Roasted seeds used for food. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt. A fire was built on top. After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds. Some were stored over winter. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 | |
27485 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 44 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Branches rubbed on the hunters' bodies to hide the human scent. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
27277 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 43 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Roots used to make the horizontal weave in coarse baskets used for drying foods in the smoke house. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 43 |
26778 | Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze 2927 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 43 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Seeds squeezed and popped. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 43 |
26217 | Petasites frigidus var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq. 2842 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 42 | Drug 2 | Antirheumatic (External) 35 | Leaves placed in hot water and used for arthritic joints. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
25956 | Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis 2825 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 45 | Other 3 | Designs 167 | Spores used by children to make a design on their hands. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45 |
25164 | Oxalis oregana Nutt. 2709 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 42 | Food 1 | Plant eaten with dried fish. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42 | |
25163 | Oxalis oregana Nutt. 2709 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 42 | Food 1 | Plant eaten with dried fish. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42 | |
25162 | Oxalis oregana Nutt. 2709 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 42 | Drug 2 | Disinfectant 129 | Poultice of plant applied to draw out infections. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
25161 | Oxalis oregana Nutt. 2709 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 42 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Poultice of plant applied to sores. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
25160 | Oxalis oregana Nutt. 2709 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 42 | Drug 2 | Antirheumatic (External) 35 | Poultice of plant applied to swollen areas on the skin. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
24235 | Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon 2610 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 41 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fruit used for food. This was called the 'wood that lies' because it was the first to bloom in the spring and the last to set fruit. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
24127 | Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal 2596 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 41 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41 | |
23909 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 41 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked for leisure. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
22410 | Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell 2415 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 39 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Fruit used by children to construct representations of animals by inserting twigs. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
22409 | Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell 2415 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 39 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Fruit tossed by children at one another in play. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
22408 | Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell 2415 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 39 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Young shoots and Polypodium rhizomes used to make tea. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
22396 | Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell 2415 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 39 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Poultice of roots applied to bruises and boils. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
22018 | Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don 2376 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 38 | Drug 2 | Cough Medicine 9 | Roots used in a concoction for coughs. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
22017 | Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don 2376 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 38 | Drug 2 | Blood Medicine 11 | Roots used in a concoction for blood purification. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21976 | Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don 2376 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 38 | Dye 5 | Yellow 72 | Root used to dye porcupine quills yellow. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21975 | Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don 2376 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 38 | Drug 2 | Tonic 69 | Root used in a tonic. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21879 | Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. 2370 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 38 | Dye 5 | Yellow 72 | Root used to dye porcupine quills yellow. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21826 | Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. 2370 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 38 | Drug 2 | Other 18 | Fruits, if eaten, caused diarrhea. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21697 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 38 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap sturgeon eggs baked in ashes. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21696 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 38 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Leaves used as a vessel to drive water from streams. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21695 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 38 | Food 1 | Root centers eaten after boiling eight times. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 | |
21694 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 38 | Drug 2 | Misc. Disease Remedy 87 | Roots used in a steam for stroke. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21693 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 38 | Drug 2 | Antirheumatic (External) 35 | Roots used in a steam for arthritis and lumbago. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21689 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 38 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap sturgeon eggs baked in ashes. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21688 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 38 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Leaves used as a vessel to drive water from streams. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21687 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 38 | Food 1 | Root centers eaten after boiling eight times. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 | |
21686 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 38 | Drug 2 | Other 18 | Roots used in a steam for stroke. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21685 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 38 | Drug 2 | Antirheumatic (External) 35 | Roots used in a steam for arthritis and lumbago. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21217 | Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng. 2265 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 37 | Drug 2 | Poison 13 | 'Not good to eat, poison.' | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
20746 | Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2232 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 37 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Thrown into the fire at ceremonies. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
20730 | Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2232 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 37 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Root chewed and smoked in the pipe. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
20545 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns leached and ground into flour. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20544 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20543 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Soup 56 | Acorns used to make soup. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20542 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make dough. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20541 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Drug 2 | Strengthener 128 | Acorn mush taken by old people on their death bed to survive the day. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20537 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20536 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 35 | Dye 5 | Bark used to dye baskets and fishing nets so the fish could not see them. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 | |
20509 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Acorn flour stored in large storage baskets. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20508 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make flour. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20507 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20504 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Acorn flour used to make paste and gruel and flavored with venison and herbs. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20503 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorn paste made into patties and baked in hot coals. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20317 | Lilium rubescens S. Wats. 2190 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 34 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Used for bouquets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
20194 | Ligusticum californicum Coult. & Rose 2175 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 34 | Food 1 | Roots used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 | |
19989 | Letharia vulpina 2153 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 34 | Dye 5 | Used as a dye for porcupine quills. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 | |
19987 | Letharia vulpina 2153 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 34 | Dye 5 | Used as a dye for porcupine quills. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 | |
19757 | Ledum glandulosum Nutt. 2124 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 34 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves simmered to make a most prized tea. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
19756 | Ledum glandulosum Nutt. 2124 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 34 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Leaves simmered to make tea. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
18569 | Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. 2055 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 34 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Dried berries used to decorate dresses. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
18568 | Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. 2055 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 34 | Other 3 | Jewelry 125 | Dried berries used for beads to make necklaces. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
18567 | Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. 2055 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 34 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Dried berries used to decorate dresses. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
18369 | Juncus effusus L. 2042 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Stems used by young females to practice making baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
18368 | Juncus effusus L. 2042 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Stems used by young females to practice making baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
18360 | Juncus effusus L. 2042 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Stems used by young females to practice making baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
18359 | Juncus effusus L. 2042 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 33 | Drug 2 | Stems and leaves placed in the fire and the medicine man prayed over it. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33 | |
18060 | Iris tenax ssp. klamathensis Lenz 2014 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Used to make cordage. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
18019 | Iris innominata Henderson 2009 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Roots and leaves used to make cordage. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
16996 | Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer 1860 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 32 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten by children. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32 |
16988 | Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer 1860 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 32 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32 |
16961 | Heracleum maximum Bartr. 1851 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 32 | Food 1 | Stem inner layers eaten raw. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32 | |
16953 | Heracleum maximum Bartr. 1851 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 32 | Food 1 | Stem inner layers eaten raw. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32 | |
15704 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
15703 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
15143 | Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper 1648 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 50 | Drug 2 | Laxative 36 | Decoction of bark or bark chewed as a laxative. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50 |
15138 | Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper 1648 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 50 | Drug 2 | Laxative 36 | Bark used as a laxative. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50 |
14956 | Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt 1639 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
14943 | Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt 1639 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
14855 | Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill. 1632 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
14854 | Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill. 1632 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 31 | Food 1 | Fruit 52 | Fresh fruit used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
14097 | Eriogonum nudum var. oblongifolium S. Wats. 1521 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 30 | Food 1 | Young shoots used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30 | |
14096 | Eriogonum nudum var. oblongifolium S. Wats. 1521 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 30 | Drug 2 | Gastrointestinal Aid 14 | Roots used for abdominal ailments. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30 |
13912 | Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. 1488 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 30 | Drug 2 | Cough Medicine 9 | Infusion of leaves taken for coughs. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30 |
13911 | Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. 1488 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 30 | Drug 2 | Cold Remedy 21 | Infusion of leaves taken for colds. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30 |
13874 | Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. 1488 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 30 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Decoction of leaves and Pinus lambertiana pitch or leaves chewed and water taken as soothing drink. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30 |
13541 | Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde 1431 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 29 | Food 1 | Very small, fresh sprouts used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29 | |
13540 | Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde 1431 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 29 | Drug 2 | Pediatric Aid 42 | Stem rubbed on child's teeth to keep them from gritting their teeth. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29 |
13539 | Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde 1431 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 29 | Drug 2 | Oral Aid 23 | Stem rubbed on child's teeth to keep them from gritting their teeth. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29 |
13434 | Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun 1424 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 29 | Fiber 4 | Scouring Material 124 | Stems used to sandpaper madrone spoons. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29 |
12687 | Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt 1334 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 28 | Other 3 | Designs 167 | Spores used to make designs on hands. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
12686 | Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt 1334 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 28 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Leaves used to clean meats and to lay over meat to keep the flies off. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
12685 | Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt 1334 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 28 | Food 1 | Cooking Agent 131 | Leaves used to clean meats and to lay over meat to keep the flies off. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
12681 | Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt 1334 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 28 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to clean eels. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
12485 | Dichelostemma multiflorum (Benth.) Heller 1294 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 27 | Food 1 | Raw bulbs used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27 | |
12482 | Dichelostemma ida-maia (Wood) Greene 1293 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 27 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Flowers used for bouquets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
12466 | Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum 1292 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 27 | Food 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27 | |
12041 | Darlingtonia californica Torr. 1232 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 27 | Other 3 | Insecticide 76 | Plant ate insects. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );