uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
275 rows where source = 41 sorted by pageno
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno ▼ | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1962 | Alectoria sp. 123 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 17 | Food 1 | Forage 5 | Plant browsed by deer. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17 |
29818 | Potamogeton sp. 3122 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 17 | Food 1 | Forage 5 | Plant browsed by deer. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17 |
41922 | Usnea sp. 4064 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 17 | Food 1 | Forage 5 | Plant browsed by deer. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17 |
8081 | Carex obnupta Bailey 746 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 18 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Leaves used to make fine, closely woven baskets. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 18 |
8082 | Carex obnupta Bailey 746 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 18 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Leaves used to make fine, closely woven hats. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 18 |
29811 | Postelsia sp. 3119 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 18 | Fiber 4 | Sporting Equipment 170 | Dried stems used as 'pucks' and sticks for 'beach hockey.' | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 18 |
12954 | Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug 1372 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 23 | Other 3 | Fertilizer 186 | Considered a good fertilizer for potatoes. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
13113 | Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link 1399 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 23 | Food 1 | Forage 5 | Plants float upright during high tide and the brant geese like to pick at them. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
1944 | Alaria marginata Postels & Ruprecht 114 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Fiber 4 | Sporting Equipment 170 | Dried stipes use as 'pucks' and hitting sticks. The dried stipes were used to play a beach game, something like hockey. This game was played in winter on the beach in front of the village. Large quantities of this seaweed drift ashore at this time. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 |
1945 | Alaria marginata Postels & Ruprecht 114 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Stipes and fronds with attached herring eggs dried for later use. These strong, tough seaweeds grow in the subtidal and intertidal zones. Sometimes, herring spawn on the stipes and fronds of these short kelps, and then the plants are gathered and dipped briefly in hot water or dried for later use. The spawn is taken off the longer types and the alga discarded, or, in the case of the broad, leafy types, the alga is eaten along with the eggs. If the kelps with spawn are dried first, they are simply soaked in water before being eaten. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 |
11325 | Costaria costata (Turner) Saunders 1118 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Fiber 4 | Sporting Equipment 170 | Dried stipes use as 'pucks' and hitting sticks. The dried stipes were used to play a beach game, something like hockey. This game was played in winter on the beach in front of the village. Large quantities of this seaweed drift ashore at this time. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 |
11326 | Costaria costata (Turner) Saunders 1118 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Stipes and fronds with attached herring eggs dried for later use. These strong, tough seaweeds grow in the subtidal and intertidal zones. Sometimes, herring spawn on the stipes and fronds of these short kelps, and then the plants are gathered and dipped briefly in hot water or dried for later use. The spawn is taken off the longer types and the alga discarded, or, in the case of the broad, leafy types, the alga is eaten along with the eggs. If the kelps with spawn are dried first, they are simply soaked in water before being eaten. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 |
15394 | Fucus gardneri Silva 1672 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Other 3 | Fertilizer 186 | Seaweed used to fertilize potatoes. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 |
16405 | Halosaccion glandiforme (Gmelin) Ruprecht 1798 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Drug 2 | Seaweed used as a medicine. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 | |
19745 | Leathesia difformis (L.) Areschoug 2120 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Drug 2 | Used for some kind of medicine. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 | |
19982 | Lessoniopsis littoralis (Farlow & Setchell) Reinke 2152 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Fiber 4 | Sporting Equipment 170 | Dried stipes use as 'pucks' and hitting sticks. The dried stipes were used to play a beach game, something like hockey. This game was played in winter on the beach in front of the village. Large quantities of this seaweed drift ashore at this time. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 |
19983 | Lessoniopsis littoralis (Farlow & Setchell) Reinke 2152 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Stipes and fronds with attached herring eggs dried for later use. These strong, tough seaweeds grow in the subtidal and intertidal zones. Sometimes, herring spawn on the stipes and fronds of these short kelps, and then the plants are gathered and dipped briefly in hot water or dried for later use. The spawn is taken off the longer types and the alga discarded, or, in the case of the broad, leafy types, the alga is eaten along with the eggs. If the kelps with spawn are dried first, they are simply soaked in water before being eaten. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 |
21753 | Macrocystis integrifolia Bory 2357 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Children threw dried, little floats from blade base onto fire to make them explode; firecrackers. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 |
29799 | Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht 3118 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Fiber 4 | Sporting Equipment 170 | Dried stipes use as 'pucks' and hitting sticks. The dried stipes were used to play a beach game, something like hockey. This game was played in winter on the beach in front of the village. Large quantities of this seaweed drift ashore at this time. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 |
29800 | Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht 3118 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Stipes and fronds with attached herring eggs dried for later use. These strong, tough seaweeds grow in the subtidal and intertidal zones. Sometimes, herring spawn on the stipes and fronds of these short kelps, and then the plants are gathered and dipped briefly in hot water or dried for later use. The spawn is taken off the longer types and the alga discarded, or, in the case of the broad, leafy types, the alga is eaten along with the eggs. If the kelps with spawn are dried first, they are simply soaked in water before being eaten. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 |
23697 | Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr. 2576 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 25 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Long stipes used to make fishing lines and anchor ropes. Long stipes were dried, then soaked in dogfish or whale oil so they would not lose their flexibility. Kelp ropes were very strong and could be plaited or spliced together to make them longer. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
23698 | Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr. 2576 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 25 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Hollow floats and upper stipes used as molds for cottonwood resin and deer fat skin 'cream.' This ointment was poured in hot and melted. After it had solidified, the kelp mold was cut open and the ball of ointment removed. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
23699 | Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr. 2576 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 25 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Hollow floats and upper stipes used to store oil and other liquids. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
29716 | Porphyra perforata J. Agardh 3111 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 25 | Food 1 | Boiled with herring spawn and eaten with dogfish oil or eulachon oil. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 | |
29798 | Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht 3118 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 26 | Drug 2 | Strengthener 128 | Whalers rubbed four or eight pieces of plant on their arms to make them as strong as the plant. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 26 |
13301 | Equisetum arvense L. 1421 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 28 | Food 1 | Vegetable 31 | Tender, young, vegetative shoots peeled and eaten raw. These shoots are green but have not yet branched out, and the segments are still very close together. The leaf sheaths were peeled off two at a time and the succulent stems eaten raw. They were 'nothing but juice.' The Hesquiat people travelled up towards Esteven Point especially to get these shoots, and sometimes they would collect 20 or more kilograms of them at a time. When they returned home, the harvesters would call together all their relatives and friends and have a feast of horsetail shoots. The white, fertile shoots were apparently not eaten, although they are in other areas of the Northwest Coast. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
1562 | Adiantum pedatum L. 71 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 29 | Drug 2 | Respiratory Aid 62 | Green fronds chewed for shortness of breath. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
1563 | Adiantum pedatum L. 71 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 29 | Drug 2 | Respiratory Aid 62 | Infusion of dried fronds burned to ashes, mixed with unknown and taken for shortness of breath. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
1564 | Adiantum pedatum L. 71 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 29 | Drug 2 | Strengthener 128 | Green fronds chewed by dancers in winter for strength and endurance. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
1565 | Adiantum pedatum L. 71 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 29 | Drug 2 | Strengthener 128 | Infusion of dried fronds burned to ashes, mixed with unknown and taken for strength and endurance. This infusion used especially by dancers in winter. Hesquiat dancers would take nothing but this medicine on day when they were dancing; it made them 'light on their feet' and helped them continue dancing for a long time without tiring. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
6572 | Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth 498 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 29 | Drug 2 | Cancer Treatment 64 | Young, unfurling fronds eaten for internal ailments, such as cancer of the womb. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
7368 | Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. 592 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 29 | Drug 2 | Cancer Treatment 64 | Leaflets chewed for internal cancer. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
7369 | Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. 592 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 29 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Fronds used as a good medicine for skin sores. This medicine was first learned about from watching the deer, who rub their antler stubs on this plant when their antlers break off. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
7370 | Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. 592 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 29 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Young, tender stalks peeled and center portion eaten when hungry and there is nothing to eat. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
12691 | Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson 1335 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 29 | Drug 2 | Cancer Treatment 64 | Young shoots used cancer of the womb. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
21493 | Lycopodium clavatum L. 2321 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 29 | Other 3 | Decorations 38 | Used by children to make Christmas decorations. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
28986 | Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. 3076 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 30 | Drug 2 | Carminative 119 | Rhizomes growing on the wild crabapple used for gas. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 30 |
28987 | Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. 3076 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 30 | Drug 2 | Cough Medicine 9 | Long, slender rhizomes eaten as a medicine for coughs. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 30 |
28988 | Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. 3076 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 30 | Drug 2 | Oral Aid 23 | Long, slender rhizomes eaten raw to sweeten the mouth. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 30 |
28989 | Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. 3076 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 30 | Drug 2 | Throat Aid 123 | Long, slender rhizomes eaten as a medicine for sore throats. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 30 |
28990 | Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. 3076 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 30 | Food 1 | Vegetable 31 | Long, slender rhizomes eaten raw as a food and to sweeten the mouth. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 30 |
29018 | Polypodium scouleri Hook. & Grev. 3079 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 30 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Children chewed the thick rhizomes. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 30 |
29102 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 32 | Drug 2 | Cancer Treatment 64 | Young shoots or fiddleheads chewed for cancer of the womb. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32 |
29103 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 32 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Long, straight fronds worn as head decoration when visiting another place and bringing gifts. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32 |
29104 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 32 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Long, straight fronds used as bedding before mats or mattresses were used. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32 |
29105 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 32 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Long, straight fronds used on the ground under fish and other foods to keep them clean. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32 |
31452 | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn 3214 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 32 | Drug 2 | Cancer Treatment 64 | Young shoots eaten as medicine for 'troubles with one's insides,' such as cancer of the womb. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32 |
31453 | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn 3214 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 32 | Food 1 | Vegetable 31 | Long, mashed rhizomes eaten boiled or steamed. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32 |
9086 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used for making wedge-shaped block for the back of a canoe, used to keep the feet dry. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33 |
9087 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Bark softened with special oil and used for weaving capes and other clothing of head chiefs. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33 |
9088 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Wood used for making ornamental dishes and headdresses. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33 |
9089 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Bark softened with special oil and used for weaving blankets. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33 |
9090 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used for making ornamental dishes and headdresses. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33 |
40008 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Cleaned, finely split inner bark used to weave baskets. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40009 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Fiber 4 | Basketry 43 | Very long, straight branches or withes used to make baskets. Cedar withes were also split and used to make a wide variety of strong open-work baskets for berry-picking and other purposes. These were strengthened at the corners with twisted cedar ropes. The withes were divided with two vertical cuts. The two outer rounds were often used for finer construction and possibly the active weft; the inner piece, flattened on two sides, was usually used for the 'framework' (warp and passive weft) of the baskets. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40010 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Wood prized as a material for house construction: shakes, shingles and poles. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40011 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood prized as a material for carving, especially canoes. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40012 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Cleaned, finely split inner bark used to weave capes, skirts and aprons. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40013 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Shredded inner bark used for diapers. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40014 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Fiber 4 | Cordage 99 | Very long, straight branches or withes used to make ropes. For large ropes, such as those used in whaling, the entire branch would be used. For smaller ropes, the withes were split off into three parts: the heartwood would be removed and the outer part twisted into rope. Branches used for such ropes would be five to eight cm. in diameter. Hesquiat cedar ropes were quite famous and were often traded to other tribes. The large ropes were used long ago as whale-hunting lines, anchor lines, and binding lines for tying on house planks or tying together one's effects when moving. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40015 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Cleaned, finely split inner bark used to weave mats. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40016 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Fiber 4 | Scouring Material 124 | Finely beaten bark used as a sponge. Young boys, when they were starting to walk, were rubbed with this bark dipped in cold octopus broth to make them tough. Girls were told to rub the same liquid on their hands to make them strong. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40017 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Food 1 | Starvation Food 113 | Branches used to make fish traps became 'fish flavored' and the sticks were boiled for broth. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40018 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make serving dippers. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40019 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Shredded inner bark twisted tightly, tied with cedar bark strips and used as tinder to start a fire. A story involving cedar -- called 'nuhtume' by Hesquiat -- tells of the time Deer stole fire. This version has Deer taking fire from the Wolves; another says that Deer stole it from Chief Red-winged Blackbird. In both versions Deer attached the soft, shredded cedar bark to his elbows, knees and horns. He allowed this dry cedar bark to catch fire when he visited the fire's owner. Deer escaped by jumping out through the roof. Since, however, he had to jump into water while fleeing, the only fire that continued to burn was that in the cedar bark on his horns. Thus, Deer did bring back fire but suffered burnt knees and elbows. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40020 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Inner bark used to make a scabbard for a sword or spear. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40021 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Young branches used to make fish traps. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
40022 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Long, dried kindling tied with cedar bark & used as torch to burn out excess wood in making a canoe. There is a story about Deer and the Chickadees in which Deer was using such a bundle of cedar pieces while making a canoe. He became so absorbed in watching the dancing of the Chickadees that he burned right through the bottom of the canoe. Turner's informant Alice Paul pointed out that a deer is still like that--when he sees anything moving, he stares at it. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
153 | Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Blister pitch mixed with oil rubbed on the hair and scalp because it smelled nice. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
154 | Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Blister pitch mixed with oil rubbed on the scalp to prevent the hair from falling out. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
155 | Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Fiber 4 | Clothing 73 | Boughs used by wolf dancers as decorative clothing. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
156 | Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Other 3 | Incense & Fragrance 53 | Fragrant boughs placed under bedding as an incense. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
27188 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Drug 2 | Analgesic 6 | Boughs used to scrub skin, until it bled, for aches and pains. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
27189 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Rendered pitch and deer oil used as salve for sores and sunburn. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
27190 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Wood sometimes used as lumber. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
27191 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cooled, rendered pitch chewed like gum. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
27192 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Boughs used at girl's puberty potlatch to brush with sweeping motions and scare away bad influences. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
27193 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Rendered pitch used as a glue for arrows and harpoons before they were tied. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
27194 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Knots used as fuel to keep the fire burning all night. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
27195 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Other 3 | Weapon 98 | Sharpened knots used to make a weapon. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
27424 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like gum. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
27425 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Pitch used on joints of implements, arrows and harpoons, before bound with twine. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
27426 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Other 3 | Preservative 180 | Chewed pitch sprayed onto mats to preserve them. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
31159 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Pitch laden bark and limbs used as an excellent fuel. In Hesquiat mythology, Black Bear used to break off Douglas fir bark with one swipe of his paw and pile it on end in the fire. Raven wanted to have a meal with Bear and he tried to imitate Bear in collecting fuel, but he could not break off the bark; he only hurt himself. When the fire was going, Bear put his paws up to the fire and oil dripped out of them into a dish. Raven watched him doing this, and when Bear went over to eat at Raven's house, Raven tried to produce oil in a similar manner. But no oil came out of his feet, and his claws burned and shrivelled up into their present state. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40984 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Antirheumatic (Internal) 92 | Decoction or infusion of bark, from inside of a crevice, taken for rheumatic fever. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40985 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Gum & deer grease used on fur seal hunters faces to prevent skin from cracking & peeling in the sun. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40986 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Gum and deer grease used for healing sores on the face. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40987 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Pitch and deer fat used as salve to prevent and soothe sunburn. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40988 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Pitch and deer fat used on faces to heal abrasions cause by rubbing on hunting camouflage. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40989 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Poultice of chewed needles used for burns. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40990 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Eye Medicine 25 | Boughs used by girls, at puberty ceremony, to prevent eye disease to herself and future children. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40991 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Other 18 | Decoction or infusion of bark, from inside of a crevice, taken for phlebitis. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40992 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Drug 2 | Tuberculosis Remedy 49 | Decoction or infusion of bark, from inside of a crevice, taken for tuberculosis and rheumatic fever. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40993 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Dye 5 | Red-Brown 127 | Bark, especially from the inside of a crevice, used as a reddish-brown dye. Bark was used to dye the rope used in halibut fishing to make it invisible to the fish. Canoes were often painted with a solution of this bark in water. This stain was made by steeping the bark in water for many days, until the liquid was bright red. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40994 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Fiber 4 | Mats, Rugs & Bedding 67 | Boughs used as a mattress when camping. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40995 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch, from the outside of a crevice, chewed like gum. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40996 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Boughs used by girls at puberty for rubbing ceremony. Girls at puberty were brushed on the arms and face with boughs, which were bundled together with soft, fern fronds. The bundle was fist-sized, with needled hemlock twigs sticking out from both ends. Before the rubbing ceremony began, the girl would go down to the edge of the water at sunrise and, four separate times, would dip the branches in the water, suck the water from the branches, then blow it out in a fine spray. At the same time, she would dip her face in the water with her eyes open, four times, each time lifting her head and spraying out the water. This was said to prevent eye disease to herself and future children. All bundles used for this purpose were subsequently deposited in a special place. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40997 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Entire trees anchored upside down under the water to collect herring spawn. At herring spawning time, in spring, entire hemlock trees were cut and anchored upside down under the water. The spawn stuck on the branches. The branches were then broken off and the spawn peeled away and eaten fresh, usually after steam-cooking. If for later use, the branches were hung outside to be wind dried. When one wanted to eat some, he would soak the branches and rub them to remove the spawn. While being cooked, the eggs would swell and float to the surface and could be scooped off and eaten. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40998 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Other 3 | Hunting & Fishing Item 28 | Hemlock & fern bundles rubbed on hunters' face & arms to prevent sea mammals from noticing them. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
21608 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 48 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Poultice of cool leaves used for bad burns. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );