{"id": 40377, "species": {"value": 3959, "label": "Tilia americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Inner bark fiber used to make cordage and rope.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"}
{"id": 40380, "species": {"value": 3959, "label": "Tilia americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Inner bark fiber used to make cordage and rope.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"}
{"id": 8062, "species": {"value": 737, "label": "Carex barbarae Dewey"}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "White, woody center of the root used as a sewing element in coiled baskets and in twining.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 103"}
{"id": 9326, "species": {"value": 883, "label": "Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz"}, "tribe": {"value": 86, "label": "Haisla"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "106", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"}
{"id": 9331, "species": {"value": 883, "label": "Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz"}, "tribe": {"value": 88, "label": "Hanaksiala"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "106", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"}
{"id": 9332, "species": {"value": 883, "label": "Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz"}, "tribe": {"value": 91, "label": "Heiltzuk"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "106", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"}
{"id": 9333, "species": {"value": 883, "label": "Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz"}, "tribe": {"value": 181, "label": "Oweekeno"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "106", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"}
{"id": 30012, "species": {"value": 3155, "label": "Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Pounded, rubbed and pulled bark used as a soft fiber to make a carrying net for pottery.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"}
{"id": 8118, "species": {"value": 752, "label": "Carex sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 80, "label": "g67"}, "pageno": "11", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Roots used as a sewing element in coiled baskets.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"}
{"id": 12625, "species": {"value": 1317, "label": "Dirca palustris L."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "114", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Tough, stringy bark made a good substitute for twine.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114"}
{"id": 40382, "species": {"value": 3959, "label": "Tilia americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "114", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark string used for making cordage.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114"}
{"id": 41829, "species": {"value": 4059, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "115", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Outer rind twisted into a two-strand cord and used for sewing cattail mats and baskets.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 115"}
{"id": 4762, "species": {"value": 362, "label": "Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "119", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Runners used by girls to tie blankets.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"}
{"id": 4763, "species": {"value": 362, "label": "Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "119", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Runners used to fix leggings in place. The leggings were tied above the knee and then folded over to the ankle, like a boot.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"}
{"id": 5728, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "119", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark used to make cordage.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 119"}
{"id": 41804, "species": {"value": 4059, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland."}, "tribe": {"value": 181, "label": "Oweekeno"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "119", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Fiber used to make bow strings, fishing line for jigging, ropes and oolichan traps.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"}
{"id": 3809, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 120, "label": "Kutenai"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "12", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Used to make twine and rope.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 12"}
{"id": 3841, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 162, "label": "Nez Perce"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "12", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stalks dried, split into fibers and used to make rope.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 12"}
{"id": 3006, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "120", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Young branches twisted into rope.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"}
{"id": 23733, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "124", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Dried, shredded stems used as cordage or fish line.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 124"}
{"id": 29310, "species": {"value": 3097, "label": "Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "126", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Inner bark shredded, spun together with red or yellow cedar inner bark and used as twine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126"}
{"id": 41717, "species": {"value": 4058, "label": "Urtica dioica L."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "128", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stems dried, pounded and spun to make twine for binding and sewing purposes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"}
{"id": 21305, "species": {"value": 2285, "label": "Lupinus arboreus Sims"}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 80, "label": "g67"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Root fibers used for string.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13"}
{"id": 29996, "species": {"value": 3154, "label": "Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa"}, "tribe": {"value": 229, "label": "Seri"}, "source": {"value": 29, "label": "d44"}, "pageno": "134", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Outer root tissues pounded, split, worked between the hand and the mouth and twisted into cords.", "rawsource": "Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134"}
{"id": 35679, "species": {"value": 3520, "label": "Salix bebbiana Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "136", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Branches or bark twisted into strong rope.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"}
{"id": 35823, "species": {"value": 3527, "label": "Salix exigua Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "136", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark used to make excellent cord.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"}
{"id": 36067, "species": {"value": 3547, "label": "Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "136", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Branches and bark twisted into strong rope.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"}
{"id": 40335, "species": {"value": 3959, "label": "Tilia americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 15, "label": "gil33"}, "pageno": "136", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bast made into cordage of all sorts. The bast was boiled and rubbed on a stick to separate the fibers which were spun into thread for sewing, fine yarn for weaving bags and made into cordage of all sorts.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"}
{"id": 6117, "species": {"value": 432, "label": "Asclepias fascicularis Dcne."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "14", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stems used as the principal source of cordage.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 14"}
{"id": 20407, "species": {"value": 2205, "label": "Linum lewisii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "14", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark fibers used for cordage.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"}
{"id": 43386, "species": {"value": 4172, "label": "Vitis californica Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 80, "label": "g67"}, "pageno": "14", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Vines used to make withes to tie things when hunting or traveling.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"}
{"id": 43387, "species": {"value": 4172, "label": "Vitis californica Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 80, "label": "g67"}, "pageno": "14", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Vines used to tie western service berry thatch in place on the winter house.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"}
{"id": 3790, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 15, "label": "gil33"}, "pageno": "140", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Fiber considered the best available for making fine cordage.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140"}
{"id": 6127, "species": {"value": 434, "label": "Asclepias incarnata L."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 15, "label": "gil33"}, "pageno": "140", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Fiber used to make good twine.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140"}
{"id": 41870, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "143", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Fibers used to make bowstrings and cordage.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 143"}
{"id": 458, "species": {"value": 23, "label": "Acer glabrum Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "146", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Fibrous inner bark used to make twine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"}
{"id": 43808, "species": {"value": 4225, "label": "Yucca baccata Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 15, "label": "Apache, White Mountain"}, "source": {"value": 45, "label": "r29"}, "pageno": "147", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make string.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 147"}
{"id": 44068, "species": {"value": 4230, "label": "Yucca glauca Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 15, "label": "Apache, White Mountain"}, "source": {"value": 45, "label": "r29"}, "pageno": "147", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make 'moccasin strings' and cords.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 147"}
{"id": 39432, "species": {"value": 3900, "label": "Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich."}, "tribe": {"value": 39, "label": "Choctaw"}, "source": {"value": 118, "label": "bd09"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark used to make cordage.", "rawsource": "Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 15"}
{"id": 44005, "species": {"value": 4227, "label": "Yucca brevifolia Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "150", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Fibers used to make nets.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"}
{"id": 44205, "species": {"value": 4234, "label": "Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "150", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Fiber used to make bowstrings, netting and strings for shell money.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150"}
{"id": 39962, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "152", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Inner bark strips used for cordage.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"}
{"id": 39967, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 86, "label": "Haisla"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "152", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Inner bark strips used for cordage.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"}
{"id": 40291, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 278, "label": "Wet'suwet'en"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "152", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Inner bark strips used for cordage.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"}
{"id": 36076, "species": {"value": 3547, "label": "Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 278, "label": "Wet'suwet'en"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "154", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark strips used for cord or rope.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"}
{"id": 3864, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "159", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Plant made into rope and used to make fishnets.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"}
{"id": 3865, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "159", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stems used to make string. The stems were cut in the fall, usually in October, soaked and sometimes split in half. The fibrous outer skin was peeled off and the brittle inner stem discarded.  The fibrous part was then dried for indefinite storage and used to make string.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"}
{"id": 39984, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 87, "label": "Haisla and Hanaksiala"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "162", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Branches twisted together to make a type of rope used to tie covers to storage boxes.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"}
{"id": 6255, "species": {"value": 442, "label": "Asclepias speciosa Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "165", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Inner bark used as a substitute for Indian hemp in making thread used for tying and binding.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"}
{"id": 43803, "species": {"value": 4225, "label": "Yucca baccata Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 14, "label": "Apache, Western"}, "source": {"value": 87, "label": "b86"}, "pageno": "182", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Leaves split and sections tied together by square knots to make cordage.", "rawsource": "Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"}
{"id": 44029, "species": {"value": 4228, "label": "Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 14, "label": "Apache, Western"}, "source": {"value": 87, "label": "b86"}, "pageno": "182", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make cordage.", "rawsource": "Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"}
{"id": 41770, "species": {"value": 4059, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland."}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "186", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Dried stem fibers used for twine.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 186"}
{"id": 26923, "species": {"value": 2934, "label": "Picea glauca (Moench) Voss"}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Split, inner root bark or small rootlets used as fishing lines & cord for making & repairing tools.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"}
{"id": 27081, "species": {"value": 2935, "label": "Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P."}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Split, inner root bark or small rootlets used as fishing lines & cord for making & repairing tools.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"}
{"id": 29630, "species": {"value": 3106, "label": "Populus tremuloides Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark sometimes employed as cordage.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"}
{"id": 39953, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 41, "label": "Clallam"}, "source": {"value": 99, "label": "f80"}, "pageno": "195", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Limbs used to make rope.", "rawsource": "Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"}
{"id": 27020, "species": {"value": 2934, "label": "Picea glauca (Moench) Voss"}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "2", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Split or whole roots used to make line. Spruce roots were dug by hand or with an axe, preferably from a tree that was not crowded by other trees.  The roots of a tree growing in an open place were less likely to be entangled with the roots of other trees and were therefore easier to dig.  Spruce roots in moist ground where moss grows were also easier to gather than those found in dry soil.  Before using spruce roots, the Upper Tanana peeled the bark off by hand or with a knife.  After peeling them, they sometimes dyed them by boiling berries and soaking the roots in the juice.  Spruce roots could be dried for future use but must be soaked in water to make them pliable before being used.  They could be dug anytime during the year when the ground was not frozen.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"}
{"id": 3722, "species": {"value": 296, "label": "Apocynum androsaemifolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "201", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stems dried, pounded and used to make twine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"}
{"id": 3813, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 128, "label": "Luiseno"}, "source": {"value": 24, "label": "s08"}, "pageno": "202", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Inner bark fiber soaked in boiling water and used to make twine.", "rawsource": "Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202"}
{"id": 6098, "species": {"value": 429, "label": "Asclepias eriocarpa Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 128, "label": "Luiseno"}, "source": {"value": 24, "label": "s08"}, "pageno": "202", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stem fiber or decayed stem fiber used to make twine. The stems were soaked in boiling water or the decayed stems were basted with boiling water to separate the fiber.  The fiber was then formed into a ball and made into twine.", "rawsource": "Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202"}
{"id": 36082, "species": {"value": 3550, "label": "Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 41, "label": "Clallam"}, "source": {"value": 99, "label": "f80"}, "pageno": "203", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark made into string.", "rawsource": "Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"}
{"id": 23710, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "206", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Solid stipes used for tying.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"}
{"id": 23717, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "206", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Lower stipes used for ropes and fishing lines.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"}
{"id": 12995, "species": {"value": 1374, "label": "Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "207", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"}
{"id": 43898, "species": {"value": 4225, "label": "Yucca baccata Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Leaf fiber made into string or rope and used for temporary or emergency purposes.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"}
{"id": 44148, "species": {"value": 4230, "label": "Yucca glauca Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Fiber made into string to tie hoops, prayer sticks, chant arrows and other ceremonial equipment.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"}
{"id": 41754, "species": {"value": 4059, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "211", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stem fibers sun dried and used to make twine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 211"}
{"id": 43813, "species": {"value": 4225, "label": "Yucca baccata Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "212", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Leaf fiber braided into ropes. The leaves contained a good fiber.  The terminal spine and a section of the back of the leaf were removed and pounded to free this fiber from the fleshy portion of the leaf.  The fiber was often braided into rope, three to six ply, from twelve to thirty feet long that were used for many purposes, including handling horses.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"}
{"id": 15797, "species": {"value": 1722, "label": "Geranium atropurpureum Heller"}, "tribe": {"value": 102, "label": "Jemez"}, "source": {"value": 28, "label": "c30"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Split epidermis used to sew moccasins.", "rawsource": "Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22"}
{"id": 35815, "species": {"value": 3527, "label": "Salix exigua Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Used extensively for cordage.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"}
{"id": 35994, "species": {"value": 3540, "label": "Salix melanopsis Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Used extensively for cordage.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22"}
{"id": 6183, "species": {"value": 441, "label": "Asclepias sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 145, "label": "Modesse"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "224", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stems used for making string and cord.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 224"}
{"id": 9122, "species": {"value": 860, "label": "Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "227", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark fibers, nettle fibers and dog hair used to make a stronger rope.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 227"}
{"id": 40120, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "228", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Used to make ropes.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"}
{"id": 18366, "species": {"value": 2042, "label": "Juncus effusus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 246, "label": "Snuqualmie"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stalks used for tying things.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"}
{"id": 40373, "species": {"value": 3959, "label": "Tilia americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 8, "label": "r28"}, "pageno": "232", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Inner bark of young sprouts used to make twine and rope.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232"}
{"id": 3883, "species": {"value": 295, "label": "Apocynum ?floribundum Greene (pro sp.) [androsaemifolium ? cannabinum]"}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "236", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Vines, with leaves removed, twisted into a rope and used by children in play.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 236"}
{"id": 40330, "species": {"value": 3959, "label": "Tilia americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Boiled bark twisted into rope.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"}
{"id": 40393, "species": {"value": 3961, "label": "Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Boiled bark twisted into rope.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24"}
{"id": 29309, "species": {"value": 3097, "label": "Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "241", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Fibers, dog hair and nettles used to make stronger ropes.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 241"}
{"id": 41708, "species": {"value": 4058, "label": "Urtica dioica L."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "246", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Fibers used to make string.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"}
{"id": 41716, "species": {"value": 4058, "label": "Urtica dioica L."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "246", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Fibers, yellow cedar bark or cottonwood fibers and dog hair used to make stronger ropes.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"}
{"id": 36148, "species": {"value": 3551, "label": "Salix sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "249", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark braided into rope.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"}
{"id": 23697, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Long stipes used to make fishing lines and anchor ropes. Long stipes were dried, then soaked in dogfish or whale oil so they would not lose their flexibility.  Kelp ropes were very strong and could be plaited or spliced together to make them longer.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25"}
{"id": 40098, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Inner bark used to make cords for fishnets.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"}
{"id": 41794, "species": {"value": 4059, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark used for cordage.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25"}
{"id": 6116, "species": {"value": 432, "label": "Asclepias fascicularis Dcne."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "252", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stem fiber used as cordage.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"}
{"id": 18384, "species": {"value": 2048, "label": "Juncus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "255", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Stems and leaves used as cordage.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"}
{"id": 9328, "species": {"value": 883, "label": "Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz"}, "tribe": {"value": 87, "label": "Haisla and Hanaksiala"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "257", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Plant used to make twine, cordage and binding.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257"}
{"id": 43968, "species": {"value": 4225, "label": "Yucca baccata Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 284, "label": "Yavapai"}, "source": {"value": 48, "label": "g36"}, "pageno": "259", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Leaf fiber used to tie grass stems of mescal to make a brush.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259"}
{"id": 29338, "species": {"value": 3097, "label": "Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw"}, "tribe": {"value": 251, "label": "Squaxin"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Young shoots used as lashings or tying thongs.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"}
{"id": 35961, "species": {"value": 3539, "label": "Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr."}, "tribe": {"value": 31, "label": "Chehalis"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Inner bark twisted and made into two-ply strings.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"}
{"id": 36100, "species": {"value": 3550, "label": "Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 114, "label": "Klallam"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark peeled, twisted and used to make string.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"}
{"id": 36104, "species": {"value": 3550, "label": "Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 210, "label": "Quinault"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark used to make lines for tumplines and slings.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"}
{"id": 36107, "species": {"value": 3550, "label": "Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 245, "label": "Snohomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a two-ply string.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"}
{"id": 30418, "species": {"value": 3166, "label": "Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "263", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Bark used to make twine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"}
{"id": 6195, "species": {"value": 441, "label": "Asclepias sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 281, "label": "Wintoon"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "264", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Used to make string and ropes.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"}
{"id": 18058, "species": {"value": 2013, "label": "Iris sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 281, "label": "Wintoon"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "264", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Used to make cord for fish nets.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"}
{"id": 40064, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "266", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Fibrous bark used to make twine and ropes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"}
{"id": 3830, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "267", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Outer bast fiber plaited into heavy cord and two-ply cord.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"}