{"id": 31900, "species": {"value": 3253, "label": "Quercus alba L."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns boiled, simmered to remove lye, ground, sifted, cooked in soup stock to flavor and eaten.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66"}
{"id": 32259, "species": {"value": 3272, "label": "Quercus lobata N\u201ae"}, "tribe": {"value": 144, "label": "Miwok"}, "source": {"value": 100, "label": "bg33"}, "pageno": "142", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142"}
{"id": 20537, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 266, "label": "Tolowa"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns considered the main staple.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"}
{"id": 20544, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 289, "label": "Yurok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns considered the main staple.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"}
{"id": 20507, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns considered the main staple. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit.  Certain villages had certain fruit crops.  Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them.  While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed.  When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place.  It was then leached in sand with cold water.  The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways.  A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets.  Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling.  The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.'  The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape.  Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells.  The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat.  Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc.  The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals.  Flour was stored in large storage baskets.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"}
{"id": 31947, "species": {"value": 3255, "label": "Quercus chrysolepis Liebm."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"}
{"id": 31971, "species": {"value": 3256, "label": "Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"}
{"id": 32009, "species": {"value": 3257, "label": "Quercus dumosa Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"}
{"id": 32150, "species": {"value": 3266, "label": "Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"}
{"id": 32196, "species": {"value": 3270, "label": "Quercus kelloggii Newberry"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"}
{"id": 32249, "species": {"value": 3272, "label": "Quercus lobata N\u201ae"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"}
{"id": 32603, "species": {"value": 3296, "label": "Quercus wislizeni var. frutescens Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56"}
{"id": 31848, "species": {"value": 3251, "label": "Quercus agrifolia N\u201ae"}, "tribe": {"value": 128, "label": "Luiseno"}, "source": {"value": 24, "label": "s08"}, "pageno": "193", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns eaten as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193"}
{"id": 32201, "species": {"value": 3270, "label": "Quercus kelloggii Newberry"}, "tribe": {"value": 128, "label": "Luiseno"}, "source": {"value": 24, "label": "s08"}, "pageno": "193", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns eaten as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193"}
{"id": 32090, "species": {"value": 3263, "label": "Quercus gambelii Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns eaten raw, boiled, roasted in ashes or dried, ground and cooked like corn meal.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"}
{"id": 20515, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 199, "label": "Poliklah"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "168", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns form one of the principal foods.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 168"}
{"id": 20546, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 290, "label": "Yurok, South Coast (Nererner)"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "168", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns form one of the principal foods.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 168"}
{"id": 32076, "species": {"value": 3263, "label": "Quercus gambelii Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 101, "label": "Isleta"}, "source": {"value": 76, "label": "j31"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns formerly used as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41"}
{"id": 31849, "species": {"value": 3251, "label": "Quercus agrifolia N\u201ae"}, "tribe": {"value": 128, "label": "Luiseno"}, "source": {"value": 24, "label": "s08"}, "pageno": "194", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal.  The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness.", "rawsource": "Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194"}
{"id": 31952, "species": {"value": 3255, "label": "Quercus chrysolepis Liebm."}, "tribe": {"value": 128, "label": "Luiseno"}, "source": {"value": 24, "label": "s08"}, "pageno": "194", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal.  The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness.", "rawsource": "Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194"}
{"id": 32202, "species": {"value": 3270, "label": "Quercus kelloggii Newberry"}, "tribe": {"value": 128, "label": "Luiseno"}, "source": {"value": 24, "label": "s08"}, "pageno": "194", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal.  The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness.", "rawsource": "Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194"}
{"id": 32221, "species": {"value": 3270, "label": "Quercus kelloggii Newberry"}, "tribe": {"value": 185, "label": "Paiute, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 50, "label": "f89"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns ground into flour, leached and eaten.", "rawsource": "Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 52"}
{"id": 32109, "species": {"value": 3264, "label": "Quercus gambelii var. gambelii"}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns ground into flour.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64"}
{"id": 32056, "species": {"value": 3263, "label": "Quercus gambelii Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 2, "label": "Acoma"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47"}
{"id": 32063, "species": {"value": 3263, "label": "Quercus gambelii Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 43, "label": "Cochiti"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47"}
{"id": 32079, "species": {"value": 3263, "label": "Quercus gambelii Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 124, "label": "Laguna"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47"}
{"id": 32097, "species": {"value": 3263, "label": "Quercus gambelii Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 222, "label": "San Felipe"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47"}
{"id": 32101, "species": {"value": 3264, "label": "Quercus gambelii var. gambelii"}, "tribe": {"value": 2, "label": "Acoma"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47"}
{"id": 32103, "species": {"value": 3264, "label": "Quercus gambelii var. gambelii"}, "tribe": {"value": 43, "label": "Cochiti"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47"}
{"id": 32111, "species": {"value": 3264, "label": "Quercus gambelii var. gambelii"}, "tribe": {"value": 124, "label": "Laguna"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47"}
{"id": 32115, "species": {"value": 3264, "label": "Quercus gambelii var. gambelii"}, "tribe": {"value": 222, "label": "San Felipe"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47"}
{"id": 20545, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 289, "label": "Yurok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns leached and ground into flour.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"}
{"id": 32384, "species": {"value": 3285, "label": "Quercus rubra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "402", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns leached with lye and used as of the most important starchy foods.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 402"}
{"id": 32325, "species": {"value": 3280, "label": "Quercus peninsularis Trel."}, "tribe": {"value": 65, "label": "Diegueno"}, "source": {"value": 122, "label": "h75"}, "pageno": "216", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns pounded, sun dried, ground and leached.", "rawsource": "Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 216"}
{"id": 20535, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 230, "label": "Shasta"}, "source": {"value": 149, "label": "h46"}, "pageno": "308", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used as the basic staple.", "rawsource": "Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308"}
{"id": 31961, "species": {"value": 3255, "label": "Quercus chrysolepis Liebm."}, "tribe": {"value": 230, "label": "Shasta"}, "source": {"value": 149, "label": "h46"}, "pageno": "308", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used as the basic staple.", "rawsource": "Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308"}
{"id": 32146, "species": {"value": 3265, "label": "Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 230, "label": "Shasta"}, "source": {"value": 149, "label": "h46"}, "pageno": "308", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used as the basic staple.", "rawsource": "Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308"}
{"id": 32235, "species": {"value": 3270, "label": "Quercus kelloggii Newberry"}, "tribe": {"value": 230, "label": "Shasta"}, "source": {"value": 149, "label": "h46"}, "pageno": "308", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used as the basic staple.", "rawsource": "Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308"}
{"id": 32217, "species": {"value": 3270, "label": "Quercus kelloggii Newberry"}, "tribe": {"value": 145, "label": "Modesse"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "223", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used as the principal vegetable food.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"}
{"id": 20498, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 83, "label": "Hahwunkwut"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "187", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used to make a meal.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 187"}
{"id": 32552, "species": {"value": 3293, "label": "Quercus velutina Lam."}, "tribe": {"value": 125, "label": "Lakota"}, "source": {"value": 108, "label": "r80"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used to make flour.", "rawsource": "Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 49"}
{"id": 20508, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used to make flour. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit.  Certain villages had certain fruit crops.  Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them.  While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed.  When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place.  It was then leached in sand with cold water.  The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways.  A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets.  Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling.  The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.'  The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape.  Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells.  The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat.  Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc.  The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals.  Flour was stored in large storage baskets.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"}
{"id": 20501, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 98, "label": "Hupa"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "200", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used to make meal.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 200"}
{"id": 30048, "species": {"value": 3155, "label": "Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston"}, "tribe": {"value": 288, "label": "Yuma"}, "source": {"value": 125, "label": "cb51"}, "pageno": "181", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Beans dried thoroughly and pounded into meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 181"}
{"id": 24366, "species": {"value": 2633, "label": "Olneya tesota Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "93", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Beans formerly pit roasted, ground, mixed with water and eaten as pinole.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93"}
{"id": 30110, "species": {"value": 3158, "label": "Prosopis velutina Woot."}, "tribe": {"value": 188, "label": "Papago"}, "source": {"value": 27, "label": "cu35"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Beans ground into flour and used for food.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25"}
{"id": 29947, "species": {"value": 3153, "label": "Prosopis glandulosa Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 12, "label": "Apache, Mescalero"}, "source": {"value": 52, "label": "b74"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Beans ground into flour, mixed with other plant foods and eaten.", "rawsource": "Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 37"}
{"id": 30147, "species": {"value": 3158, "label": "Prosopis velutina Woot."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 104, "label": "r08"}, "pageno": "74", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Beans parched, ground and eaten as pinole.", "rawsource": "Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 74"}
{"id": 24358, "species": {"value": 2633, "label": "Olneya tesota Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 188, "label": "Papago"}, "source": {"value": 27, "label": "cu35"}, "pageno": "45", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Beans parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45"}
{"id": 25501, "species": {"value": 2747, "label": "Parkinsonia microphylla Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 188, "label": "Papago"}, "source": {"value": 27, "label": "cu35"}, "pageno": "45", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Beans parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45"}
{"id": 30084, "species": {"value": 3156, "label": "Prosopis pubescens Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 104, "label": "r08"}, "pageno": "75", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Beans pit cooked, dried, pounded and eaten as pinole.", "rawsource": "Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 75"}
{"id": 30085, "species": {"value": 3156, "label": "Prosopis pubescens Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "45", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Beans pit roasted for several days, dried and ground into a pinole.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 45"}
{"id": 30111, "species": {"value": 3158, "label": "Prosopis velutina Woot."}, "tribe": {"value": 188, "label": "Papago"}, "source": {"value": 27, "label": "cu35"}, "pageno": "45", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Beans pounded in mortars and used as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45"}
{"id": 30089, "species": {"value": 3156, "label": "Prosopis pubescens Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 195, "label": "Pima, Gila River"}, "source": {"value": 136, "label": "r91"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Beans used to make flour.", "rawsource": "Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"}
{"id": 30165, "species": {"value": 3158, "label": "Prosopis velutina Woot."}, "tribe": {"value": 195, "label": "Pima, Gila River"}, "source": {"value": 136, "label": "r91"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Beans used to make flour.", "rawsource": "Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"}
{"id": 12866, "species": {"value": 1353, "label": "Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49"}
{"id": 14727, "species": {"value": 1607, "label": "Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49"}
{"id": 24567, "species": {"value": 2643, "label": "Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49"}
{"id": 24590, "species": {"value": 2647, "label": "Opuntia bigelovii Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49"}
{"id": 24592, "species": {"value": 2648, "label": "Opuntia californica var. parkeri (Coult.) Pinkava"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49"}
{"id": 24633, "species": {"value": 2654, "label": "Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49"}
{"id": 24649, "species": {"value": 2658, "label": "Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49"}
{"id": 24791, "species": {"value": 2669, "label": "Opuntia ramosissima Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49"}
{"id": 30721, "species": {"value": 3181, "label": "Prunus virginiana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries considered a staple.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"}
{"id": 26710, "species": {"value": 2918, "label": "Physalis pubescens L."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 121, "label": "l86"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries dried, ground into a flour and stored for winter use.", "rawsource": "Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 17"}
{"id": 33196, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 121, "label": "l86"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries ground into a flour.", "rawsource": "Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 26"}
{"id": 18421, "species": {"value": 2053, "label": "Juniperus californica Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries seeded, pounded into a meal and eaten.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35"}
{"id": 3016, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 3144, "species": {"value": 214, "label": "Amelanchier sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 4635, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 10980, "species": {"value": 1101, "label": "Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 11423, "species": {"value": 1130, "label": "Crataegus rivularis Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 14947, "species": {"value": 1639, "label": "Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 22030, "species": {"value": 2377, "label": "Mahonia sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 30926, "species": {"value": 3182, "label": "Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 33412, "species": {"value": 3363, "label": "Ribes cereum Dougl."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 33562, "species": {"value": 3375, "label": "Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 33741, "species": {"value": 3396, "label": "Ribes sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 34183, "species": {"value": 3432, "label": "Rosa sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 34627, "species": {"value": 3457, "label": "Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 34938, "species": {"value": 3469, "label": "Rubus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 36925, "species": {"value": 3570, "label": "Sambucus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 37871, "species": {"value": 3658, "label": "Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 42071, "species": {"value": 4077, "label": "Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 42137, "species": {"value": 4080, "label": "Vaccinium myrtillus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 2921, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 26353, "species": {"value": 2873, "label": "Phaseolus vulgaris L."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berry used as a staple article of food.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 69"}
{"id": 24605, "species": {"value": 2652, "label": "Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow"}, "tribe": {"value": 188, "label": "Papago"}, "source": {"value": 27, "label": "cu35"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Buds and joints used as a staple crop.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15"}
{"id": 7869, "species": {"value": 700, "label": "Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "14", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Bulbs formerly fire baked and used as a sweet and nutritious staple.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14"}
{"id": 15357, "species": {"value": 1668, "label": "Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl."}, "tribe": {"value": 4, "label": "Alaska Native"}, "source": {"value": 132, "label": "h53"}, "pageno": "119", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Bulbs pounded into a flour.", "rawsource": "Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 119"}
{"id": 2121, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Bulbs used as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10"}
{"id": 2133, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 120, "label": "Kutenai"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Bulbs used as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10"}
{"id": 27447, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Cambium layer used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 28017, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Cambium layer used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 40959, "species": {"value": 4043, "label": "Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "150", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Cambium pit cooked, pounded, formed into cakes, dried, stored and eaten as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 150"}
{"id": 40963, "species": {"value": 4043, "label": "Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 86, "label": "Haisla"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "150", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Cambium pit cooked, pounded, formed into cakes, dried, stored and eaten as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 150"}
{"id": 19306, "species": {"value": 2077, "label": "Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes"}, "tribe": {"value": 101, "label": "Isleta"}, "source": {"value": 76, "label": "j31"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Considered a very important source of food before the introduction of wheat.", "rawsource": "Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"}
{"id": 31507, "species": {"value": 3214, "label": "Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "90", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Cooked, inner rhizome pounded into a flour and used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"}
{"id": 35570, "species": {"value": 3508, "label": "Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon"}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "396", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Corms, a most valued food, boiled fresh, dried or candied with maple sugar. Muskrat and beavers store them in large caches, which the Indians have learned to recognize and appropriate.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 396"}
{"id": 40829, "species": {"value": 4037, "label": "Triticum aestivum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 234, "label": "Sia"}, "source": {"value": 159, "label": "w62"}, "pageno": "106", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Corn and wheat, the most important foods, used for food.", "rawsource": "White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 106"}