{"id": 9465, "species": {"value": 897, "label": "Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Parched seeds ground into flour.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52"}
{"id": 9499, "species": {"value": 899, "label": "Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 185, "label": "Paiute, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 50, "label": "f89"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds ground into a meal and eaten.", "rawsource": "Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48"}
{"id": 9533, "species": {"value": 904, "label": "Chenopodium murale L."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds parched, ground and eaten as a pinole in combination with other meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 23"}
{"id": 9534, "species": {"value": 904, "label": "Chenopodium murale L."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 104, "label": "r08"}, "pageno": "73", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds parched, ground and eaten as pinole.", "rawsource": "Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 73"}
{"id": 9535, "species": {"value": 905, "label": "Chenopodium nevadense Standl."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "98", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds parched, ground and eaten as meal.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 98"}
{"id": 9551, "species": {"value": 910, "label": "Chenopodium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"}
{"id": 9558, "species": {"value": 910, "label": "Chenopodium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds of several species ground and used like corn.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 44"}
{"id": 10024, "species": {"value": 973, "label": "Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 10071, "species": {"value": 979, "label": "Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "92", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Eaten and considered to be almost a staple food.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92"}
{"id": 10115, "species": {"value": 993, "label": "Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera (Dougl. ex Lindl.) H.F. & M.E. Lewis"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "370", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds eaten as a pinole.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 370"}
{"id": 10139, "species": {"value": 1002, "label": "Claytonia lanceolata var. sessilifolia (Torr.) A. Nels."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 10337, "species": {"value": 1026, "label": "Cleome serrulata Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 207, "label": "Pueblo"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Used as one of the most important food plants.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 24"}
{"id": 10493, "species": {"value": 1051, "label": "Comandra umbellata ssp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds or nuts used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 10980, "species": {"value": 1101, "label": "Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 11211, "species": {"value": 1110, "label": "Corylus americana Walt."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 112, "label": "w16"}, "pageno": "123", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Nut meats crushed and added to hominy.", "rawsource": "Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"}
{"id": 11423, "species": {"value": 1130, "label": "Crataegus rivularis Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 11734, "species": {"value": 1164, "label": "Cucurbita pepo L."}, "tribe": {"value": 188, "label": "Papago"}, "source": {"value": 27, "label": "cu35"}, "pageno": "45", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45"}
{"id": 11798, "species": {"value": 1178, "label": "Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult."}, "tribe": {"value": 15, "label": "Apache, White Mountain"}, "source": {"value": 45, "label": "r29"}, "pageno": "156", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used to make flour.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156"}
{"id": 11806, "species": {"value": 1178, "label": "Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult."}, "tribe": {"value": 291, "label": "Zuni"}, "source": {"value": 6, "label": "s15"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Tiny seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and made into steamed cakes.", "rawsource": "Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67"}
{"id": 11984, "species": {"value": 1217, "label": "Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners"}, "tribe": {"value": 2, "label": "Acoma"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots dried and ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33"}
{"id": 11988, "species": {"value": 1217, "label": "Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners"}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "58", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Dried roots ground into flour.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 58"}
{"id": 11993, "species": {"value": 1217, "label": "Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners"}, "tribe": {"value": 124, "label": "Laguna"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots dried and ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33"}
{"id": 11997, "species": {"value": 1217, "label": "Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners"}, "tribe": {"value": 222, "label": "San Felipe"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots dried and ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33"}
{"id": 12348, "species": {"value": 1271, "label": "Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt."}, "tribe": {"value": 44, "label": "Cocopa"}, "source": {"value": 125, "label": "cb51"}, "pageno": "187", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds harvested, winnowed, parched, ground and the meal eaten.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"}
{"id": 12362, "species": {"value": 1271, "label": "Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt."}, "tribe": {"value": 195, "label": "Pima, Gila River"}, "source": {"value": 136, "label": "r91"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds ground, parched and used to make pinole.", "rawsource": "Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5"}
{"id": 12385, "species": {"value": 1273, "label": "Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata"}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 104, "label": "r08"}, "pageno": "77", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds parched, ground, mixed with water and eaten as pinole.", "rawsource": "Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 77"}
{"id": 12399, "species": {"value": 1274, "label": "Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "98", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds parched, ground and eaten as meal.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 98"}
{"id": 12409, "species": {"value": 1275, "label": "Descurainia sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "220", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds parched and ground into a flour.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 220"}
{"id": 12473, "species": {"value": 1292, "label": "Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 65, "label": "stew33"}, "pageno": "245", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots roasted and ground into flour.", "rawsource": "Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 245"}
{"id": 12515, "species": {"value": 1300, "label": "Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 126, "label": "vest40"}, "pageno": "158", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158"}
{"id": 12516, "species": {"value": 1300, "label": "Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 126, "label": "vest40"}, "pageno": "158", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158"}
{"id": 12517, "species": {"value": 1301, "label": "Digitaria cognata var. cognata"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 126, "label": "vest40"}, "pageno": "158", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds ground into meal.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158"}
{"id": 12866, "species": {"value": 1353, "label": "Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49"}
{"id": 12918, "species": {"value": 1365, "label": "Echinochloa colona (L.) Link"}, "tribe": {"value": 44, "label": "Cocopa"}, "source": {"value": 125, "label": "cb51"}, "pageno": "187", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds parched, ground and the flour eaten dry.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"}
{"id": 12924, "species": {"value": 1366, "label": "Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv."}, "tribe": {"value": 288, "label": "Yuma"}, "source": {"value": 125, "label": "cb51"}, "pageno": "187", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds pounded, winnowed, parched and ground into a meal.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"}
{"id": 12986, "species": {"value": 1374, "label": "Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 13043, "species": {"value": 1386, "label": "Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus"}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "255", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used in pinole.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"}
{"id": 13057, "species": {"value": 1391, "label": "Elymus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Grain grounded into a fine powder and used in pinole.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 101"}
{"id": 13266, "species": {"value": 1415, "label": "Epilobium densiflorum (Lindl.) Hoch & Raven"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "370", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds eaten as a pinole.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 370"}
{"id": 13269, "species": {"value": 1415, "label": "Epilobium densiflorum (Lindl.) Hoch & Raven"}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 96, "label": "b52"}, "pageno": "86", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used to make pinoles.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86"}
{"id": 13546, "species": {"value": 1433, "label": "Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link"}, "tribe": {"value": 44, "label": "Cocopa"}, "source": {"value": 125, "label": "cb51"}, "pageno": "187", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds parched, ground and the flour eaten dry.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"}
{"id": 13828, "species": {"value": 1486, "label": "Eriochloa aristata Vasey"}, "tribe": {"value": 44, "label": "Cocopa"}, "source": {"value": 125, "label": "cb51"}, "pageno": "187", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds parched, ground and the flour eaten dry.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"}
{"id": 13975, "species": {"value": 1498, "label": "Eriogonum baileyi S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29"}
{"id": 13989, "species": {"value": 1502, "label": "Eriogonum davidsonii Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29"}
{"id": 14047, "species": {"value": 1512, "label": "Eriogonum inflatum Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29"}
{"id": 14112, "species": {"value": 1526, "label": "Eriogonum pusillum Torr. & Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "30", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds pounded and eaten dry.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30"}
{"id": 14119, "species": {"value": 1528, "label": "Eriogonum roseum Dur. & Hilg."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "30", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30"}
{"id": 14188, "species": {"value": 1536, "label": "Eriogonum wrightii Torr. ex Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "30", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30"}
{"id": 14208, "species": {"value": 1544, "label": "Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Parched seeds ground into flour.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 72"}
{"id": 14347, "species": {"value": 1561, "label": "Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 14682, "species": {"value": 1603, "label": "Fagus grandifolia Ehrh."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 112, "label": "w16"}, "pageno": "123", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Nut meats crushed and added to hominy.", "rawsource": "Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"}
{"id": 14727, "species": {"value": 1607, "label": "Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49"}
{"id": 14750, "species": {"value": 1611, "label": "Ferula dissoluta"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 14753, "species": {"value": 1614, "label": "Festuca sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "255", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used in pinole.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"}
{"id": 14947, "species": {"value": 1639, "label": "Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 15340, "species": {"value": 1666, "label": "Fritillaria affinis var. affinis"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 15357, "species": {"value": 1668, "label": "Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl."}, "tribe": {"value": 4, "label": "Alaska Native"}, "source": {"value": 132, "label": "h53"}, "pageno": "119", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Bulbs pounded into a flour.", "rawsource": "Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 119"}
{"id": 15379, "species": {"value": 1669, "label": "Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 16560, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 15, "label": "Apache, White Mountain"}, "source": {"value": 45, "label": "r29"}, "pageno": "158", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used to make flour.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158"}
{"id": 16561, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "76", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Dried seeds ground and mixed with flour from other seeds.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 76"}
{"id": 16569, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 82, "label": "Gros Ventre"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "12", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"}
{"id": 16573, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"}
{"id": 16582, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "34", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roasted seeds pounded, ground into a meal and eaten dry.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 34"}
{"id": 16588, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 135, "label": "Mandan"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "12", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"}
{"id": 16590, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 147, "label": "Mohave"}, "source": {"value": 125, "label": "cb51"}, "pageno": "187", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds winnowed, parched, ground and eaten as pinole.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"}
{"id": 16613, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "98", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds parched, ground and eaten as meal.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 98"}
{"id": 16615, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 185, "label": "Paiute, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 50, "label": "f89"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds ground into a meal and eaten.", "rawsource": "Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47"}
{"id": 16622, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds ground into meal and used as food.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"}
{"id": 16628, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 212, "label": "Ree"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "12", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"}
{"id": 16663, "species": {"value": 1832, "label": "Helianthus petiolaris Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"}
{"id": 16733, "species": {"value": 1843, "label": "Hemizonia congesta ssp. clevelandii (Greene) Babcock & Hall"}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 96, "label": "b52"}, "pageno": "86", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used to make pinoles.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86"}
{"id": 16734, "species": {"value": 1844, "label": "Hemizonia congesta ssp. luzulifolia (DC.) Babcock & Hall"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "394", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used as an important source of pinole.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 394"}
{"id": 16735, "species": {"value": 1844, "label": "Hemizonia congesta ssp. luzulifolia (DC.) Babcock & Hall"}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 96, "label": "b52"}, "pageno": "86", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used to make pinoles.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86"}
{"id": 16736, "species": {"value": 1845, "label": "Hemizonia corymbosa (DC.) Torr. & Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "254", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds eaten as a pinole.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"}
{"id": 16740, "species": {"value": 1848, "label": "Hemizonia sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 281, "label": "Wintoon"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "274", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used to make pinole.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 274"}
{"id": 16888, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Growing stalks used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 17401, "species": {"value": 1910, "label": "Hordeum murinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "313", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used for pinole.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 313"}
{"id": 17404, "species": {"value": 1911, "label": "Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev"}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "255", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used for pinole.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255"}
{"id": 17537, "species": {"value": 1934, "label": "Hydrophyllum occidentale (S. Wats.) Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 17685, "species": {"value": 1969, "label": "Hypericum scouleri ssp. scouleri"}, "tribe": {"value": 144, "label": "Miwok"}, "source": {"value": 100, "label": "bg33"}, "pageno": "158", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Eaten fresh, dried or ground into flour and used like acorn meal.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 158"}
{"id": 18212, "species": {"value": 2031, "label": "Juglans cinerea L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 112, "label": "w16"}, "pageno": "123", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Nut meats crushed and added to hominy.", "rawsource": "Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"}
{"id": 18293, "species": {"value": 2034, "label": "Juglans nigra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 112, "label": "w16"}, "pageno": "123", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Nut meats crushed and added to hominy.", "rawsource": "Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"}
{"id": 18421, "species": {"value": 2053, "label": "Juniperus californica Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries seeded, pounded into a meal and eaten.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35"}
{"id": 18581, "species": {"value": 2056, "label": "Juniperus deppeana Steud."}, "tribe": {"value": 284, "label": "Yavapai"}, "source": {"value": 48, "label": "g36"}, "pageno": "257", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257"}
{"id": 18929, "species": {"value": 2060, "label": "Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little"}, "tribe": {"value": 284, "label": "Yavapai"}, "source": {"value": 48, "label": "g36"}, "pageno": "257", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257"}
{"id": 19306, "species": {"value": 2077, "label": "Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes"}, "tribe": {"value": 101, "label": "Isleta"}, "source": {"value": 76, "label": "j31"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Considered a very important source of food before the introduction of wheat.", "rawsource": "Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"}
{"id": 19307, "species": {"value": 2077, "label": "Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes"}, "tribe": {"value": 101, "label": "Isleta"}, "source": {"value": 76, "label": "j31"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used to make flour for bread and mush.", "rawsource": "Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"}
{"id": 19743, "species": {"value": 2119, "label": "Layia platyglossa (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "254", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds eaten in pinole.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"}
{"id": 19744, "species": {"value": 2119, "label": "Layia platyglossa (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "393", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used to make a pinole.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 393"}
{"id": 19924, "species": {"value": 2136, "label": "Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"}
{"id": 20040, "species": {"value": 2159, "label": "Lewisia rediviva Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 20122, "species": {"value": 2163, "label": "Leymus triticoides (Buckl.) Pilger"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "312", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Seeds used for pinole.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 312"}
{"id": 20270, "species": {"value": 2184, "label": "Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "238", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Roots used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"}
{"id": 20498, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 83, "label": "Hahwunkwut"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "187", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used to make a meal.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 187"}
{"id": 20501, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 98, "label": "Hupa"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "200", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used to make meal.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 200"}
{"id": 20507, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns considered the main staple. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit.  Certain villages had certain fruit crops.  Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them.  While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed.  When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place.  It was then leached in sand with cold water.  The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways.  A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets.  Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling.  The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.'  The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape.  Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells.  The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat.  Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc.  The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals.  Flour was stored in large storage baskets.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"}
{"id": 20508, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used to make flour. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit.  Certain villages had certain fruit crops.  Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them.  While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed.  When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place.  It was then leached in sand with cold water.  The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways.  A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets.  Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling.  The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.'  The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape.  Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells.  The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat.  Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc.  The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals.  Flour was stored in large storage baskets.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"}
{"id": 20515, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 199, "label": "Poliklah"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "168", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns form one of the principal foods.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 168"}
{"id": 20535, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 230, "label": "Shasta"}, "source": {"value": 149, "label": "h46"}, "pageno": "308", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns used as the basic staple.", "rawsource": "Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308"}
{"id": 20537, "species": {"value": 2212, "label": "Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd."}, "tribe": {"value": 266, "label": "Tolowa"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Acorns considered the main staple.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"}