{"id": 44525, "species": {"value": 4244, "label": "Zea mays L."}, "tribe": {"value": 257, "label": "Tewa"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "78", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Husks made into cigarettes.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78"}
{"id": 44483, "species": {"value": 4244, "label": "Zea mays L."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "18", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dry husks of young corn used to roll cigarettes, when paper not available.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 18"}
{"id": 44475, "species": {"value": 4244, "label": "Zea mays L."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Husks used for cigarette papers.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27"}
{"id": 44447, "species": {"value": 4244, "label": "Zea mays L."}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Shucks used for cigarette wrappings and used in the peyote ceremony.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"}
{"id": 43211, "species": {"value": 4141, "label": "Vicia faba L."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "59", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Crushed leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 59"}
{"id": 43024, "species": {"value": 4129, "label": "Viburnum dentatum var. dentatum"}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "417", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Bark furnished one of the ingredients of kinnikinnick.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"}
{"id": 42848, "species": {"value": 4106, "label": "Verbascum thapsus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "287", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaf used for smoking. It was cautioned that too much smoking of this plant was poisonous.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 287"}
{"id": 42818, "species": {"value": 4106, "label": "Verbascum thapsus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "53", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaf gathered and smoked as an Indian tobacco.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 53"}
{"id": 42814, "species": {"value": 4106, "label": "Verbascum thapsus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 101, "label": "Isleta"}, "source": {"value": 76, "label": "j31"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves used as a ceremonial tobacco.", "rawsource": "Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44"}
{"id": 42560, "species": {"value": 4095, "label": "Valeriana sitchensis Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 42540, "species": {"value": 4095, "label": "Valeriana sitchensis Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 42536, "species": {"value": 4095, "label": "Valeriana sitchensis Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"}
{"id": 42474, "species": {"value": 4090, "label": "Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult\u201an"}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "183", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves used as a tobacco additive or substitute.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 183"}
{"id": 42397, "species": {"value": 4087, "label": "Vaccinium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "495", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves of several species smoked as 'kinnikinnick.'", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495"}
{"id": 42357, "species": {"value": 4085, "label": "Vaccinium parvifolium Sm."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "495", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves smoked as a 'kinnikinnick.'", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495"}
{"id": 42213, "species": {"value": 4082, "label": "Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "495", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves smoked as a 'kinnikinnick.'", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495"}
{"id": 42212, "species": {"value": 4082, "label": "Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 42190, "species": {"value": 4082, "label": "Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 41990, "species": {"value": 4071, "label": "Vaccinium caespitosum Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 79, "label": "Gosiute"}, "source": {"value": 38, "label": "c11"}, "pageno": "384", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves formerly dried and used as a tobacco.", "rawsource": "Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 384"}
{"id": 40746, "species": {"value": 4026, "label": "Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "272", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Smoked at ceremonies.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 272"}
{"id": 40295, "species": {"value": 3952, "label": "Thymophylla acerosa (DC.) Strother"}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with tobacco for the flavor.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"}
{"id": 39558, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 253, "label": "Swinomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "16", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Needles dried, pulverized and used in place of tobacco for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"}
{"id": 39552, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 221, "label": "Samish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "16", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Needles dried, pulverized and used in place of tobacco for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"}
{"id": 39495, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 114, "label": "Klallam"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "16", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Needles dried, pulverized and used in place of tobacco for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"}
{"id": 39453, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 41, "label": "Clallam"}, "source": {"value": 99, "label": "f80"}, "pageno": "199", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Needles mixed with tobacco and smoked.", "rawsource": "Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"}
{"id": 38398, "species": {"value": 3734, "label": "Solidago canadensis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Roots smoked with other tobaccos.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 50"}
{"id": 37988, "species": {"value": 3680, "label": "Silene menziesii Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 79, "label": "Gosiute"}, "source": {"value": 38, "label": "c11"}, "pageno": "381", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried leaves powdered and formerly used to smoke as a tobacco.", "rawsource": "Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381"}
{"id": 37606, "species": {"value": 3631, "label": "Sedum debile S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 79, "label": "Gosiute"}, "source": {"value": 38, "label": "c11"}, "pageno": "381", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves formerly used to smoke.", "rawsource": "Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381"}
{"id": 36211, "species": {"value": 3551, "label": "Salix sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 141, "label": "Micmac"}, "source": {"value": 182, "label": "sd51"}, "pageno": "258", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves used as tobacco.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"}
{"id": 36175, "species": {"value": 3551, "label": "Salix sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "182", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried leaves added to tobacco in place of shelf fungus.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 182"}
{"id": 36143, "species": {"value": 3551, "label": "Salix sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "378", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Used for smoking and general utility.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"}
{"id": 35957, "species": {"value": 3538, "label": "Salix lucida Muhl."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "422", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Peeled, toasted and flaked bark used for kinnikinnick or smoking mixture.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"}
{"id": 35954, "species": {"value": 3538, "label": "Salix lucida Muhl."}, "tribe": {"value": 150, "label": "Montagnais"}, "source": {"value": 103, "label": "s17"}, "pageno": "315", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried bark smoked as a substitute for tobacco.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"}
{"id": 35943, "species": {"value": 3536, "label": "Salix lasiolepis Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "331", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark portions dried, powdered and used as substitutes for chewing tobacco.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331"}
{"id": 35621, "species": {"value": 3516, "label": "Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville"}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 152, "label": "aa80"}, "pageno": "34", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Plant gathered in late summer, burned to ashes and added to chewing tobacco.", "rawsource": "Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"}
{"id": 34028, "species": {"value": 3426, "label": "Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 34027, "species": {"value": 3426, "label": "Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "495", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried, toasted, powdered leaves and bark occasionally used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495"}
{"id": 34010, "species": {"value": 3426, "label": "Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 33962, "species": {"value": 3420, "label": "Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell"}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "85", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark, alone or mixed with tobacco, used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"}
{"id": 33961, "species": {"value": 3420, "label": "Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell"}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "85", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark sometimes used alone or with tobacco for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"}
{"id": 33959, "species": {"value": 3420, "label": "Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell"}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "85", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark, alone or mixed with tobacco, used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"}
{"id": 33958, "species": {"value": 3420, "label": "Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell"}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "85", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark sometimes used alone or with tobacco for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"}
{"id": 33955, "species": {"value": 3420, "label": "Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell"}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "85", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark, alone or mixed with tobacco, used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"}
{"id": 33954, "species": {"value": 3420, "label": "Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell"}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "85", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark sometimes used alone or with tobacco for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"}
{"id": 33951, "species": {"value": 3420, "label": "Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell"}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "85", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark, alone or mixed with tobacco, used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"}
{"id": 33950, "species": {"value": 3420, "label": "Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell"}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "85", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark sometimes used alone or with tobacco for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"}
{"id": 33307, "species": {"value": 3355, "label": "Rhus typhina L."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "116", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with tobacco to cause it to smoke pleasantly.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116"}
{"id": 33254, "species": {"value": 3354, "label": "Rhus trilobata var. trilobata"}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"}
{"id": 33253, "species": {"value": 3354, "label": "Rhus trilobata var. trilobata"}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"}
{"id": 33165, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"}
{"id": 33164, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"}
{"id": 33157, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 108, "label": "Keresan"}, "source": {"value": 90, "label": "w45"}, "pageno": "563", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried leaves mixed with native tobacco and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563"}
{"id": 33103, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "14", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves dried, mixed with tobacco and smoked.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14"}
{"id": 33102, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 39, "label": "g72"}, "pageno": "180", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 180"}
{"id": 33013, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 280, "label": "Winnebago"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "99, 100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Red leaves dried and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"}
{"id": 33012, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 280, "label": "Winnebago"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "99", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried, red leaves used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"}
{"id": 33002, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 257, "label": "Tewa"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves smoked as tobacco.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 47"}
{"id": 32996, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "99, 100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Red leaves dried and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"}
{"id": 32995, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "99", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried, red leaves used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"}
{"id": 32994, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 198, "label": "Plains Indian"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make a tobacco mixture.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 55"}
{"id": 32990, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "99, 100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Red leaves dried and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"}
{"id": 32989, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "99", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried, red leaves used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"}
{"id": 32986, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "99, 100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Red leaves dried and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"}
{"id": 32985, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "99", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried, red leaves used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"}
{"id": 32984, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 154, "label": "g13ii"}, "pageno": "331", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried, deveined, red leaves broken fine and used for smoking in the absence of kinnikinnick.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 331"}
{"id": 32950, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 125, "label": "Lakota"}, "source": {"value": 108, "label": "r80"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Red, autumn leaves used to smoke.", "rawsource": "Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 33"}
{"id": 32948, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37"}
{"id": 32947, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37"}
{"id": 32938, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 79, "label": "Gosiute"}, "source": {"value": 38, "label": "c11"}, "pageno": "379", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves formerly used to smoke.", "rawsource": "Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379"}
{"id": 32934, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 91, "label": "g13i"}, "pageno": "367", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Scarlet leaves gathered in the fall and dried for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367"}
{"id": 32933, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "99, 100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Red leaves dried and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"}
{"id": 32932, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "99", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried, red leaves used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"}
{"id": 32928, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 48, "label": "Comanche"}, "source": {"value": 147, "label": "cj40"}, "pageno": "524", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves added to tobacco for smoking.", "rawsource": "Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"}
{"id": 32926, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 15, "label": "gil33"}, "pageno": "135", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves dried and smoked.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 135"}
{"id": 32915, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 39, "label": "g72"}, "pageno": "180", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 180"}
{"id": 32873, "species": {"value": 3344, "label": "Rhus aromatica Ait."}, "tribe": {"value": 125, "label": "Lakota"}, "source": {"value": 108, "label": "r80"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked.", "rawsource": "Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 32"}
{"id": 32518, "species": {"value": 3290, "label": "Quercus stellata Wangenh."}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves used as cigarette wrappers for the peyote ceremony.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"}
{"id": 32314, "species": {"value": 3276, "label": "Quercus nigra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves used as a substitute for paper in rolling cigarettes.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21"}
{"id": 31374, "species": {"value": 3206, "label": "Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "58", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves smoked by the masker after the feast celebrating the completion of masks for the Night Chant.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 58"}
{"id": 30948, "species": {"value": 3182, "label": "Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 185, "label": "Paiute, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 50, "label": "f89"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Berries mashed, made into little cakes, dried and used like chewing tobacco.", "rawsource": "Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49"}
{"id": 29666, "species": {"value": 3106, "label": "Populus tremuloides Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Wood ashes mixed with tobacco and used for chewing tobacco.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"}
{"id": 29635, "species": {"value": 3106, "label": "Populus tremuloides Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.'", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"}
{"id": 29389, "species": {"value": 3098, "label": "Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.'", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"}
{"id": 29243, "species": {"value": 3095, "label": "Populus balsamifera L."}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "4", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Wood ashes mixed with tobacco and smoked.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 4"}
{"id": 29218, "species": {"value": 3095, "label": "Populus balsamifera L."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.'", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"}
{"id": 29209, "species": {"value": 3095, "label": "Populus balsamifera L."}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaf galls used with or as tobacco.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"}
{"id": 29175, "species": {"value": 3094, "label": "Populus angustifolia James"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.'", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"}
{"id": 28720, "species": {"value": 3035, "label": "Polanisia dodecandra ssp. trachysperma (Torr. & Gray) Iltis"}, "tribe": {"value": 101, "label": "Isleta"}, "source": {"value": 76, "label": "j31"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried, rubbed leaves rolled in corn husks to make ceremonial cigarettes.", "rawsource": "Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"}
{"id": 28121, "species": {"value": 2975, "label": "Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Seeds put into the liquid used to moisten dry tobacco meal and shaped into plugs.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 52"}
{"id": 27297, "species": {"value": 2939, "label": "Picea sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 59, "label": "r45ii"}, "pageno": "36", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried roots used to make cigars and smoked.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 36"}
{"id": 26569, "species": {"value": 2901, "label": "Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud."}, "tribe": {"value": 15, "label": "Apache, White Mountain"}, "source": {"value": 45, "label": "r29"}, "pageno": "159", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Reeds filled with tobacco and used as a cigarette.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159"}
{"id": 26186, "species": {"value": 2841, "label": "Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq."}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 152, "label": "aa80"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried, burned leaves added to chewing tobacco for flavoring.", "rawsource": "Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"}
{"id": 26179, "species": {"value": 2840, "label": "Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries"}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "189", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried, burned plant ashes added to chewing tobacco.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"}
{"id": 26176, "species": {"value": 2840, "label": "Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries"}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 152, "label": "aa80"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried, burned leaves added to chewing tobacco for flavoring.", "rawsource": "Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"}
{"id": 24295, "species": {"value": 2618, "label": "Oenothera caespitosa ssp. marginata (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) Munz"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 82, "label": "c74"}, "pageno": "337", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Plant used as substitute for tobacco.", "rawsource": "Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 337"}
{"id": 24261, "species": {"value": 2613, "label": "Oenothera albicaulis Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 82, "label": "c74"}, "pageno": "336", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Plant used for tobacco.", "rawsource": "Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 336"}
{"id": 23996, "species": {"value": 2587, "label": "Nicotiana tabacum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 267, "label": "Tsimshian"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "350", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves used for chewing.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 350"}
{"id": 23989, "species": {"value": 2587, "label": "Nicotiana tabacum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 160, "label": "cb42"}, "pageno": "110", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 110"}
{"id": 23988, "species": {"value": 2587, "label": "Nicotiana tabacum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 160, "label": "cb42"}, "pageno": "108", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 108"}
{"id": 23987, "species": {"value": 2587, "label": "Nicotiana tabacum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 188, "label": "Papago"}, "source": {"value": 160, "label": "cb42"}, "pageno": "108", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 108"}