{"id": 7250, "species": {"value": 580, "label": "Betula papyrifera Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "416", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "After stripping a felled tree of its bark, it was salvaged for firewood.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"}
{"id": 40000, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 87, "label": "Haisla and Hanaksiala"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "162", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark and branches used as kindling to start fires.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"}
{"id": 31148, "species": {"value": 3199, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco"}, "tribe": {"value": 41, "label": "Clallam"}, "source": {"value": 99, "label": "f80"}, "pageno": "195", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark and wood used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"}
{"id": 31296, "species": {"value": 3201, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "73", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark and wood used for fuel.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"}
{"id": 7194, "species": {"value": 580, "label": "Betula papyrifera Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark fragments ignited from coals or smoldering tinder and used to start a fire.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"}
{"id": 18815, "species": {"value": 2059, "label": "Juniperus occidentalis Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark mixed with dirt to use as tinder.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 47"}
{"id": 31195, "species": {"value": 3199, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco"}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used as a top quality fuel.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"}
{"id": 31146, "species": {"value": 3199, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco"}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "198", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used as a valuable fuel.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"}
{"id": 28038, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 233, "label": "Shuswap"}, "source": {"value": 92, "label": "palmer75"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used as fuel because it cooled quickly and enemies cannot tell how long ago camp was broken.", "rawsource": "Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"}
{"id": 31858, "species": {"value": 3252, "label": "Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia"}, "tribe": {"value": 65, "label": "Diegueno"}, "source": {"value": 85, "label": "hedges86"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used as fuel for firing pottery.", "rawsource": "Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33"}
{"id": 29417, "species": {"value": 3100, "label": "Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder"}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used as fuel for roasting the clays in making skin paints.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"}
{"id": 30024, "species": {"value": 3155, "label": "Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used as kindling for cooking and firewood in sweathouses.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107"}
{"id": 5687, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "78", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used as tinder and for making friction fires.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"}
{"id": 5826, "species": {"value": 408, "label": "Artemisia tripartita Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "79", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used as tinder and for making friction fires.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"}
{"id": 19070, "species": {"value": 2063, "label": "Juniperus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 12, "label": "Apache, Mescalero"}, "source": {"value": 52, "label": "b74"}, "pageno": "43", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used as tinder for fire drills.", "rawsource": "Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 43"}
{"id": 18710, "species": {"value": 2058, "label": "Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "11", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used as tinder for making ceremonial fire with fire drill.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"}
{"id": 32438, "species": {"value": 3289, "label": "Quercus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "248", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used as tinder.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"}
{"id": 31257, "species": {"value": 3201, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii"}, "tribe": {"value": 31, "label": "Chehalis"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"}
{"id": 31263, "species": {"value": 3201, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii"}, "tribe": {"value": 53, "label": "Cowlitz"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"}
{"id": 31266, "species": {"value": 3201, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii"}, "tribe": {"value": 81, "label": "Green River Group"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"}
{"id": 31280, "species": {"value": 3201, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii"}, "tribe": {"value": 114, "label": "Klallam"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"}
{"id": 31282, "species": {"value": 3201, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii"}, "tribe": {"value": 129, "label": "Lummi"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"}
{"id": 31304, "species": {"value": 3201, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii"}, "tribe": {"value": 210, "label": "Quinault"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"}
{"id": 31308, "species": {"value": 3201, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii"}, "tribe": {"value": 241, "label": "Skagit"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"}
{"id": 31317, "species": {"value": 3201, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii"}, "tribe": {"value": 253, "label": "Swinomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"}
{"id": 40916, "species": {"value": 4041, "label": "Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "422", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used for fuel, when reboiling pitch, because the heat was easy to regulate.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"}
{"id": 7330, "species": {"value": 585, "label": "Betula sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "192", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used for tinder.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192"}
{"id": 7211, "species": {"value": 580, "label": "Betula papyrifera Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 118, "label": "Koyukon"}, "source": {"value": 158, "label": "n83"}, "pageno": "53", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used to start campfires or light the stove at home.", "rawsource": "Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 53"}
{"id": 26943, "species": {"value": 2934, "label": "Picea glauca (Moench) Voss"}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 116, "label": "r45i"}, "pageno": "83", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used to start fires.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 83"}
{"id": 27092, "species": {"value": 2935, "label": "Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 116, "label": "r45i"}, "pageno": "83", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bark used to start fires.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 83"}
{"id": 7291, "species": {"value": 580, "label": "Betula papyrifera Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Black colored stem growth used as tinder for kindling fires with a fire drill.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"}
{"id": 7292, "species": {"value": 580, "label": "Betula papyrifera Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Black stem growth used as tinder for starting fires with a fire drill.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"}
{"id": 13481, "species": {"value": 1428, "label": "Equisetum sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 118, "label": "Koyukon"}, "source": {"value": 158, "label": "n83"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Blades used to produce smoke in smudge fires.", "rawsource": "Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 56"}
{"id": 29304, "species": {"value": 3097, "label": "Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Branches used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"}
{"id": 29387, "species": {"value": 3098, "label": "Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Branches used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"}
{"id": 29516, "species": {"value": 3105, "label": "Populus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "28", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Branches used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"}
{"id": 31692, "species": {"value": 3231, "label": "Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "128", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Branches used for fuel.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"}
{"id": 8648, "species": {"value": 810, "label": "Ceanothus greggii Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 284, "label": "Yavapai"}, "source": {"value": 48, "label": "g36"}, "pageno": "259", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Branches used for kindling.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259"}
{"id": 31693, "species": {"value": 3231, "label": "Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "128", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Branches used to make the initial fire for pit cooking.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"}
{"id": 5034, "species": {"value": 392, "label": "Artemisia cana Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 269, "label": "Tubatulabal"}, "source": {"value": 137, "label": "v38"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Brush burned to roast cones.", "rawsource": "Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 17"}
{"id": 5811, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 269, "label": "Tubatulabal"}, "source": {"value": 137, "label": "v38"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Brush burned to roast cones.", "rawsource": "Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 17"}
{"id": 391, "species": {"value": 15, "label": "Acacia greggii Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "90", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Bushes dried and used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90"}
{"id": 44472, "species": {"value": 4244, "label": "Zea mays L."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Cob pith used as punk (tinder).", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27"}
{"id": 44524, "species": {"value": 4244, "label": "Zea mays L."}, "tribe": {"value": 257, "label": "Tewa"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "78", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Cobs used as fuel in emergencies and as fire lighters.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78"}
{"id": 18666, "species": {"value": 2058, "label": "Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Considered an important source of firewood for steady, even fires.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48"}
{"id": 376, "species": {"value": 15, "label": "Acacia greggii Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Considered an outstanding construction material and a fine firewood.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"}
{"id": 18857, "species": {"value": 2060, "label": "Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little"}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "206", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Crushed bark used as a 'slow match.' The crushed bark was twisted into a rope, tied at intervals with yucca and wrapped into a coil.  The free end was set on fire and kept smoldering by blowing on it at intervals.  Fire could be carried in this fashion from early dawn until noon.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206"}
{"id": 18858, "species": {"value": 2060, "label": "Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little"}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "206", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Crushed bark used for tinder.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206"}
{"id": 35475, "species": {"value": 3493, "label": "Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc."}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Crushed, dried roots used as tinder.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 67"}
{"id": 18582, "species": {"value": 2056, "label": "Juniperus deppeana Steud."}, "tribe": {"value": 284, "label": "Yavapai"}, "source": {"value": 48, "label": "g36"}, "pageno": "259", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dead wood used for fuel.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259"}
{"id": 18930, "species": {"value": 2060, "label": "Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little"}, "tribe": {"value": 284, "label": "Yavapai"}, "source": {"value": 48, "label": "g36"}, "pageno": "259", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dead wood used for fuel.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259"}
{"id": 511, "species": {"value": 26, "label": "Acer macrophyllum Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 210, "label": "Quinault"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dead wood used for smoking salmon.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"}
{"id": 27970, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 186, "label": "c04"}, "pageno": "735", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried needles stuffed loosely between cross sticks and lighted to ignite them.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 735"}
{"id": 13703, "species": {"value": 1459, "label": "Ericameria parryi var. howardii (Parry ex Gray) Nesom & Baird"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 72, "label": "f96"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried plant used as one of the four prescribed kiva fuels.", "rawsource": "Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 20"}
{"id": 1952, "species": {"value": 119, "label": "Alectoria nigricans (Ach.) Nyl."}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "191", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried plant used for tinder.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191"}
{"id": 1954, "species": {"value": 120, "label": "Alectoria nitidula (Th. Fr.) Vain"}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "191", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried plant used for tinder.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191"}
{"id": 1956, "species": {"value": 121, "label": "Alectoria ochroleuca (Hoffm.) Massal."}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "191", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried plant used for tinder.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191"}
{"id": 10747, "species": {"value": 1087, "label": "Cornicularia divergens Ach."}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "191", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried plant used for tinder.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191"}
{"id": 18131, "species": {"value": 2020, "label": "Isocoma pluriflora (Torr. & Gray) Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried plants used for kindling.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 101"}
{"id": 15508, "species": {"value": 1688, "label": "Galium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 52, "label": "Cowichan"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "88", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried plants used for lighting fires.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 88"}
{"id": 1767, "species": {"value": 91, "label": "Agave deserti Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "31", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried stalks used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"}
{"id": 31841, "species": {"value": 3251, "label": "Quercus agrifolia N\u201ae"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "121", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"}
{"id": 31936, "species": {"value": 3255, "label": "Quercus chrysolepis Liebm."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "121", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"}
{"id": 31998, "species": {"value": 3257, "label": "Quercus dumosa Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "121", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"}
{"id": 32186, "species": {"value": 3270, "label": "Quercus kelloggii Newberry"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "121", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"}
{"id": 5793, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 257, "label": "Tewa"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "45", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dry bushes used for fuel in absence of other firewood.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45"}
{"id": 28064, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 261, "label": "Thompson, Upper (Fraser Band)"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "499", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dry cones mixed with fir bark to make the best smoke for smoking skins.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"}
{"id": 28066, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 262, "label": "Thompson, Upper (Lytton Band)"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "499", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dry cones mixed with fir bark to make the best smoke for smoking skins.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"}
{"id": 29652, "species": {"value": 3106, "label": "Populus tremuloides Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dry limbs used as a source of fuel.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61"}
{"id": 33133, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 72, "label": "f96"}, "pageno": "16", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dry shrub used as one of the four prescribed fuels for the kivas.", "rawsource": "Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16"}
{"id": 12047, "species": {"value": 1234, "label": "Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dry, flaky bark used as tinder when starting a fire with twirling sticks.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"}
{"id": 31629, "species": {"value": 3229, "label": "Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson"}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "223", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Fine, soft bark used as tinder for the fire drill.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"}
{"id": 39133, "species": {"value": 3854, "label": "Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Green twigs used to make a fire to blacken the surface of newly made pipes.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 55"}
{"id": 36505, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "254", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Hollow twigs used in fire making.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"}
{"id": 40233, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Inner bark beaten to separate the fibers and used for tinder.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"}
{"id": 9125, "species": {"value": 860, "label": "Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Inner bark finely shredded and used as tinder.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"}
{"id": 39943, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "197", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Inner bark used for tinder.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"}
{"id": 40286, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 267, "label": "Tsimshian"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "315", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Inner bark used to start fires.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"}
{"id": 27194, "species": {"value": 2938, "label": "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Knots used as fuel to keep the fire burning all night.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"}
{"id": 31707, "species": {"value": 3231, "label": "Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "82", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Large branches that grow close to the roots used as firewood.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 82"}
{"id": 1492, "species": {"value": 66, "label": "Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Large roots used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"}
{"id": 44090, "species": {"value": 4230, "label": "Yucca glauca Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 91, "label": "g13i"}, "pageno": "358", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Leaves bound in a slender bundle and used as a substitute for wood. The slender bundle of leaves formed the firedrill which was placed in a hearth and twirled by the hands until it smouldered upon which time it was blown upon to ignite the flame.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 358"}
{"id": 19126, "species": {"value": 2063, "label": "Juniperus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Light bark used as tinder to catch the spark from the fire drill.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 17"}
{"id": 1514, "species": {"value": 67, "label": "Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "30", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Limbs used as a favorite firewood for roasting, giving a high intensity heat.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"}
{"id": 476, "species": {"value": 26, "label": "Acer macrophyllum Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Limbs used for house construction and considered good firewood.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"}
{"id": 27286, "species": {"value": 2939, "label": "Picea sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 152, "label": "aa80"}, "pageno": "34", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Logs considered an important source of fuel for heating the homes and steambaths of the village.", "rawsource": "Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"}
{"id": 40234, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Outer bark used for fuel.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71"}
{"id": 31159, "species": {"value": 3199, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Pitch laden bark and limbs used as an excellent fuel. In Hesquiat mythology, Black Bear used to break off Douglas fir bark with one swipe of his paw and pile it on end in the fire.  Raven wanted to have a meal with Bear and he tried to imitate Bear in collecting fuel, but he could not break off the bark; he only hurt himself.  When the fire was going, Bear put his paws up to the fire and oil dripped out of them into a dish.  Raven watched him doing this, and when Bear went over to eat at Raven's house, Raven tried to produce oil in a similar manner.  But no oil came out of his feet, and his claws burned and shrivelled up into their present state.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44"}
{"id": 36547, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "388", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Pith formerly used as a combustible material for starting fires.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"}
{"id": 38752, "species": {"value": 3797, "label": "Spiraea stevenii (Schneid.) Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 152, "label": "aa80"}, "pageno": "36", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Plant burned for smoking fish.", "rawsource": "Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 36"}
{"id": 12011, "species": {"value": 1221, "label": "Dalea formosa Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "57", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Plant used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 57"}
{"id": 5420, "species": {"value": 399, "label": "Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "170", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Plant used on the fire in the first smoking of a hide during the curing process. The smoke from this plant was supposed to soften the hide.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"}
{"id": 37755, "species": {"value": 3655, "label": "Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small"}, "tribe": {"value": 228, "label": "Seminole"}, "source": {"value": 88, "label": "s54"}, "pageno": "504", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Plant used to make flint and steel punk.", "rawsource": "Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 504"}
{"id": 13102, "species": {"value": 1395, "label": "Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Resinous branches used to make quick fires.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102"}
{"id": 31490, "species": {"value": 3214, "label": "Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn"}, "tribe": {"value": 181, "label": "Oweekeno"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "58", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Rhizomes chewed, used as punk in a clam shell and placed in a fire.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 58"}
{"id": 17868, "species": {"value": 1990, "label": "Ipomoea leptophylla Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 125, "label": "Lakota"}, "source": {"value": 108, "label": "r80"}, "pageno": "43", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Roots used in place of matches. It is said that in olden days when there were no matches, they used to start a fire in the root, wrap it up and hang it outside.  The fire would keep for seven months.", "rawsource": "Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 43"}
{"id": 29349, "species": {"value": 3097, "label": "Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "276", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Rotten wood used as a fuel in smoking hides.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"}
{"id": 31224, "species": {"value": 3199, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Rotten wood used as fuel for smoking hides.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"}
{"id": 7251, "species": {"value": 580, "label": "Betula papyrifera Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "416", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Scraps of bark used by women to kindle or light fires.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"}
{"id": 40019, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Shredded inner bark twisted tightly, tied with cedar bark strips and used as tinder to start a fire. A story involving cedar -- called 'nuhtume' by Hesquiat -- tells of the time Deer stole fire.  This version has Deer taking fire from the Wolves; another says that Deer stole it from Chief Red-winged Blackbird.  In both versions Deer attached the soft, shredded cedar bark to his elbows, knees and horns.  He allowed this dry cedar bark to catch fire when he visited the fire's owner.  Deer escaped by jumping out through the roof.  Since, however, he had to jump into water while fleeing, the only fire that continued to burn was that in the cedar bark on his horns.  Thus, Deer did bring back fire but suffered burnt knees and elbows.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"}