{"id": 15330, "species": {"value": 1663, "label": "Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark made into cordage and used to make heavy load carrying nets.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32"}
{"id": 16907, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "87", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Hollow stems used to carry water.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 87"}
{"id": 16929, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 233, "label": "Shuswap"}, "source": {"value": 92, "label": "palmer75"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used to cover a basket of berries.", "rawsource": "Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"}
{"id": 17298, "species": {"value": 1901, "label": "Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 25, "label": "California Indian"}, "source": {"value": 111, "label": "m90"}, "pageno": "59", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Root fibers used to make bags.", "rawsource": "Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 59"}
{"id": 18357, "species": {"value": 2042, "label": "Juncus effusus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 15, "label": "gil33"}, "pageno": "125", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Rushes used for weaving little bags and pouches.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 125"}
{"id": 18378, "species": {"value": 2046, "label": "Juncus mertensianus Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 128, "label": "Luiseno"}, "source": {"value": 24, "label": "s08"}, "pageno": "204", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Rushes made into woven or twined baskets and used as gathering containers for acorns and cacti.", "rawsource": "Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204"}
{"id": 18708, "species": {"value": 2058, "label": "Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "11", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark used as lining in corn storage pits.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"}
{"id": 18709, "species": {"value": 2058, "label": "Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "11", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark used as platform for sun drying roasted corn.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"}
{"id": 18851, "species": {"value": 2060, "label": "Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little"}, "tribe": {"value": 79, "label": "Gosiute"}, "source": {"value": 38, "label": "c11"}, "pageno": "372", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark used to line and cover the fruit storing pits.", "rawsource": "Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 372"}
{"id": 19125, "species": {"value": 2063, "label": "Juniperus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Concave bark used to make improvised trays for the sandpainting powders.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 17"}
{"id": 19412, "species": {"value": 2090, "label": "Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl."}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "244", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Rinds made into containers used for carrying water on foot or on horseback trips away from home.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 244"}
{"id": 19416, "species": {"value": 2090, "label": "Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "93", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Used as containers for sacred honey, cups, seed bottles and medicine holders.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 93"}
{"id": 19433, "species": {"value": 2090, "label": "Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "79", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Used to make cups for preparing medicines.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 79"}
{"id": 19436, "species": {"value": 2090, "label": "Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Used to make water dippers.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"}
{"id": 19449, "species": {"value": 2090, "label": "Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl."}, "tribe": {"value": 288, "label": "Yuma"}, "source": {"value": 125, "label": "cb51"}, "pageno": "115", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Fruit contents removed, shells cleaned and dried and used as water and food containers.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 115"}
{"id": 19491, "species": {"value": 2099, "label": "Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch"}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "377", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Roots used to weave bags.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"}
{"id": 20078, "species": {"value": 2160, "label": "Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L\u201dve"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used over and under the food in the cooking pits.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"}
{"id": 20107, "species": {"value": 2162, "label": "Leymus mollis ssp. mollis"}, "tribe": {"value": 87, "label": "Haisla and Hanaksiala"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "205", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Blades used to line oolichan ripening pits.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 205"}
{"id": 20118, "species": {"value": 2162, "label": "Leymus mollis ssp. mollis"}, "tribe": {"value": 210, "label": "Quinault"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves placed under drying salal berries.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"}
{"id": 21323, "species": {"value": 2292, "label": "Lupinus latifolius Lindl. ex J.G. Agardh"}, "tribe": {"value": 144, "label": "Miwok"}, "source": {"value": 100, "label": "bg33"}, "pageno": "146", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used to line acorn leaching basket, to prevent meal from running through the interstices.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 146"}
{"id": 21588, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "198", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Large leaves folded and used as berry containers.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"}
{"id": 21611, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used as sheets to dry berries.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"}
{"id": 21614, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 94, "label": "Hoh"}, "source": {"value": 77, "label": "r36"}, "pageno": "59", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves wrapped around cooked fruits and buried in swampy regions for preservation.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"}
{"id": 21628, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "271", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used to cover baskets of freshly picked berries.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"}
{"id": 21629, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "286", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used to cover baskets of stink currants.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"}
{"id": 21643, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used for drying salal berries and to line berry baskets.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"}
{"id": 21646, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "78", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Large, waxy leaves used as berry containers and for wrapping leftover food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"}
{"id": 21650, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves placed over and under the food in steaming pit cooking.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"}
{"id": 21652, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 181, "label": "Oweekeno"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "76", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used to line berry baskets to prevent the berries from falling through holes in the baskets.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 76"}
{"id": 21661, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 209, "label": "Quileute"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used to wrap salal and elder berries while drying.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"}
{"id": 21662, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 209, "label": "Quileute"}, "source": {"value": 77, "label": "r36"}, "pageno": "59", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves wrapped around cooked fruits and buried in swampy regions for preservation.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"}
{"id": 21669, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 221, "label": "Samish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Large leaves doubled or rolled and used as cups for drinking or picking berries.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"}
{"id": 21680, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 253, "label": "Swinomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Large leaves doubled or rolled and used as cups for drinking or picking berries.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"}
{"id": 21688, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 266, "label": "Tolowa"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used as a vessel to drive water from streams.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"}
{"id": 21690, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 267, "label": "Tsimshian"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "320", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used to cover and wrap foods during collection, transit, storage or cooking.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 320"}
{"id": 21691, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 267, "label": "Tsimshian"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "320", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used to line cooking pits.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 320"}
{"id": 21696, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 289, "label": "Yurok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used as a vessel to drive water from streams.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"}
{"id": 21698, "species": {"value": 2338, "label": "Lysichiton sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 199, "label": "Poliklah"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "173", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used as a temporary lining for open work baskets when used to hold berries.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 173"}
{"id": 22783, "species": {"value": 2443, "label": "Mentha arvensis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "233", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Plant tops used as a liner for dried fish platters, to counteract the strong odor.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 233"}
{"id": 23518, "species": {"value": 2540, "label": "Muhlenbergia pauciflora Buckl."}, "tribe": {"value": 11, "label": "Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero"}, "source": {"value": 95, "label": "co36"}, "pageno": "36", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Moist grass laid onto hot stones to prevent steam from escaping.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"}
{"id": 23539, "species": {"value": 2543, "label": "Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc."}, "tribe": {"value": 128, "label": "Luiseno"}, "source": {"value": 24, "label": "s08"}, "pageno": "204", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Long grass made into large, coiled baskets and used for storing food.", "rawsource": "Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204"}
{"id": 23546, "species": {"value": 2545, "label": "Muhlenbergia wrightii Vasey ex Coult."}, "tribe": {"value": 11, "label": "Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero"}, "source": {"value": 95, "label": "co36"}, "pageno": "36", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Moist grass laid onto hot stones to prevent steam from escaping.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"}
{"id": 23548, "species": {"value": 2546, "label": "Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan"}, "tribe": {"value": 90, "label": "Hawaiian"}, "source": {"value": 68, "label": "a22"}, "pageno": "70", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used as a covering for underground ovens.", "rawsource": "Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 70"}
{"id": 23695, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "195", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Used to store eulachon grease.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 195"}
{"id": 23698, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Hollow floats and upper stipes used as molds for cottonwood resin and deer fat skin 'cream.' This ointment was poured in hot and melted.  After it had solidified, the kelp mold was cut open and the ball of ointment removed.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25"}
{"id": 23699, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Hollow floats and upper stipes used to store oil and other liquids.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25"}
{"id": 23707, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "261", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Long, hollow stipes used to store oulachen grease and other oils.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"}
{"id": 23711, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bottle ends used to carry fish oil and molasses.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"}
{"id": 23718, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "206", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Blades used to cover fish in the boat, while at sea, to prevent the fish from drying out.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"}
{"id": 23719, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "206", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Enlarged upper portion of stipes dried and rinsed with fresh water and used for oil storage bottles.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"}
{"id": 23720, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "206", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Enlarged upper portion of the stipes used as molds for cosmetics.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"}
{"id": 23721, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Hollow stipes used as containers for storing oil.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 52"}
{"id": 23722, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leafy fronds used to cover fish to prevent spoiling or drying out.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 52"}
{"id": 23737, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 209, "label": "Quileute"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bottle ends used to carry fish oil and molasses.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"}
{"id": 23739, "species": {"value": 2576, "label": "Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr."}, "tribe": {"value": 210, "label": "Quinault"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bottle ends used to carry fish oil and molasses.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 50"}
{"id": 24003, "species": {"value": 2590, "label": "Nolina microcarpa S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 11, "label": "Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero"}, "source": {"value": 95, "label": "co36"}, "pageno": "36", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Moist grass laid onto hot stones to prevent steam from escaping.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 36"}
{"id": 24347, "species": {"value": 2632, "label": "Oligoneuron rigidum var. rigidum"}, "tribe": {"value": 125, "label": "Lakota"}, "source": {"value": 108, "label": "r80"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used under meat.", "rawsource": "Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 39"}
{"id": 24722, "species": {"value": 2665, "label": "Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "233", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Used in preparing pottery clay.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 233"}
{"id": 24809, "species": {"value": 2670, "label": "Opuntia sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "234", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Juice used to mix with pottery clay.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 234"}
{"id": 26171, "species": {"value": 2840, "label": "Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries"}, "tribe": {"value": 4, "label": "Alaska Native"}, "source": {"value": 132, "label": "h53"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Large, mature leaves used to cover berries and other greens stored in kegs for winter use.", "rawsource": "Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 41"}
{"id": 26174, "species": {"value": 2840, "label": "Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries"}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 152, "label": "aa80"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used by children to make cone shaped buckets to hold the picked berries.", "rawsource": "Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"}
{"id": 26182, "species": {"value": 2840, "label": "Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries"}, "tribe": {"value": 72, "label": "Eskimo, Inupiat"}, "source": {"value": 54, "label": "j83"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Large, mature leaves used to cover barrels of rhubarb and blueberries, to prevent mold from growing.", "rawsource": "Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 62"}
{"id": 26184, "species": {"value": 2841, "label": "Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq."}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 152, "label": "aa80"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves occasionally used to form make-shift funnels.", "rawsource": "Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"}
{"id": 26185, "species": {"value": 2841, "label": "Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq."}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 152, "label": "aa80"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used by children to make cone shaped buckets to hold the picked berries.", "rawsource": "Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"}
{"id": 26190, "species": {"value": 2841, "label": "Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq."}, "tribe": {"value": 72, "label": "Eskimo, Inupiat"}, "source": {"value": 54, "label": "j83"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Large, mature leaves used to cover barrels of rhubarb and blueberries, to prevent mold from growing.", "rawsource": "Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 62"}
{"id": 26430, "species": {"value": 2879, "label": "Phleum pratense L."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "57", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Used in pit cooking.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 57"}
{"id": 26927, "species": {"value": 2934, "label": "Picea glauca (Moench) Voss"}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Roots used to make trays and buckets.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"}
{"id": 27028, "species": {"value": 2934, "label": "Picea glauca (Moench) Voss"}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "2", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Roots woven into waterproof containers. Spruce roots were dug by hand or with an axe, preferably from a tree that was not crowded by other trees.  The roots of a tree growing in an open place were less likely to be entangled with the roots of other trees and were therefore easier to dig.  Spruce roots in moist ground where moss grows were also easier to gather than those found in dry soil.  Before using spruce roots, the Upper Tanana peeled the bark off by hand or with a knife.  After peeling them, they sometimes dyed them by boiling berries and soaking the roots in the juice.  Spruce roots could be dried for future use but must be soaked in water to make them pliable before being used.  They could be dug anytime during the year when the ground was not frozen.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"}
{"id": 27029, "species": {"value": 2934, "label": "Picea glauca (Moench) Voss"}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "2", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Small, dead tree used to dry fish on.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"}
{"id": 27085, "species": {"value": 2935, "label": "Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P."}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Roots used to make trays and buckets.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"}
{"id": 27179, "species": {"value": 2938, "label": "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 87, "label": "Haisla and Hanaksiala"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "175", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Roots and red cedar bark used to make bag like implement for the oolichan grease rendering process.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"}
{"id": 27441, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "28", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark used to make temporary, berry picking containers.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"}
{"id": 27506, "species": {"value": 2956, "label": "Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "89", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark used to make buckets for gathering berries.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89"}
{"id": 27666, "species": {"value": 2959, "label": "Pinus edulis Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "12", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Resin used in pottery and basketry making.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"}
{"id": 27964, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "51", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Needles used to form a layer in the roasting of the yucca 'heart.'", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 51"}
{"id": 27993, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark used to make containers for sand painting pigments.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"}
{"id": 28058, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Needles used to line food caches and cellars.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"}
{"id": 28120, "species": {"value": 2975, "label": "Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Needles used to form a layer in the roasting of the yucca 'heart.'", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 52"}
{"id": 28166, "species": {"value": 2976, "label": "Pinus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark used to make the trays for the colored powders used in the sandpaintings.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23"}
{"id": 28167, "species": {"value": 2976, "label": "Pinus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Wood used to make a tinderbox for fire by friction.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23"}
{"id": 29105, "species": {"value": 3085, "label": "Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Long, straight fronds used on the ground under fish and other foods to keep them clean.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 32"}
{"id": 29112, "species": {"value": 3085, "label": "Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl"}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "265", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used to line food storage boxes, berry picking baskets and berry drying racks.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 265"}
{"id": 29131, "species": {"value": 3085, "label": "Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl"}, "tribe": {"value": 181, "label": "Oweekeno"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used as a liner for oolichan bins and pits.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 56"}
{"id": 29148, "species": {"value": 3085, "label": "Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl"}, "tribe": {"value": 251, "label": "Squaxin"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves spread on racks for berries to dry.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"}
{"id": 29152, "species": {"value": 3085, "label": "Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "89", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Rootstocks used to line the steaming pits for cooking 'Indian potatoes' and other root type foods.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 89"}
{"id": 29317, "species": {"value": 3097, "label": "Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "134", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark used to make food storage containers and to line food storage pits.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 134"}
{"id": 29394, "species": {"value": 3098, "label": "Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Used moistened to line pits for roasting saltbush overnight.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 23"}
{"id": 29456, "species": {"value": 3101, "label": "Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder"}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Wood used to make tinder boxes.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"}
{"id": 29548, "species": {"value": 3105, "label": "Populus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Roots carved into boxes for sacred feathers and other ceremonial objects.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"}
{"id": 29549, "species": {"value": 3105, "label": "Populus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 82, "label": "c74"}, "pageno": "346", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Roots carved into boxes for sacred feathers and various ceremonial objects.", "rawsource": "Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 346"}
{"id": 29560, "species": {"value": 3105, "label": "Populus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Wood used to make tinderboxes.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 37"}
{"id": 29813, "species": {"value": 3120, "label": "Potamogeton diversifolius Raf."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "53", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Dried stem fibers made into strong cords and used to make carrying nets.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53"}
{"id": 30336, "species": {"value": 3166, "label": "Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "209", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark formerly used for wrapping implements.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"}
{"id": 30389, "species": {"value": 3166, "label": "Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark split and used to make bags.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"}
{"id": 30400, "species": {"value": 3166, "label": "Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr."}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "87", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Wood used for the hearth.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87"}
{"id": 30423, "species": {"value": 3166, "label": "Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "497", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark softened and used to make bags.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"}
{"id": 30424, "species": {"value": 3166, "label": "Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark split and used to make bags.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"}
{"id": 30722, "species": {"value": 3181, "label": "Prunus virginiana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "119", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Hard wood used to make incense tongs.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"}
{"id": 31241, "species": {"value": 3200, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "34", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Boughs used under a freshly killed deer while butchering it.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34"}
{"id": 31449, "species": {"value": 3214, "label": "Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn"}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "247", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Fronds used to line acorn-leaching pits and earth ovens.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247"}