{"id": 43737, "species": {"value": 4218, "label": "Ximenia americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 228, "label": "Seminole"}, "source": {"value": 88, "label": "s54"}, "pageno": "307", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots used as a mouthwash for sore mouth and gums.", "rawsource": "Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 307"}
{"id": 43692, "species": {"value": 4213, "label": "Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Stem chewed for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"}
{"id": 43648, "species": {"value": 4210, "label": "Xanthium strumarium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 185, "label": "Paiute, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 50, "label": "f89"}, "pageno": "130", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Burs rubbed on sore gums to take the pain, poison and blood out.", "rawsource": "Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 130"}
{"id": 43471, "species": {"value": 4184, "label": "Vitis vulpina L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Compound decoction used to wash child's mouth for thrush.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"}
{"id": 43427, "species": {"value": 4176, "label": "Vitis labrusca L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Compound decoction used to wash child's mouth for thrush.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"}
{"id": 43341, "species": {"value": 4169, "label": "Vitis aestivalis Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Compound decoction used to wash child's mouth for thrush.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"}
{"id": 43173, "species": {"value": 4136, "label": "Viburnum prunifolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark used as a wash for sore tongue.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"}
{"id": 43122, "species": {"value": 4133, "label": "Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark used as a wash for sore tongue.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"}
{"id": 43012, "species": {"value": 4128, "label": "Viburnum acerifolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark used as a wash for sore tongue.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"}
{"id": 42930, "species": {"value": 4118, "label": "Verbesina virginica L."}, "tribe": {"value": 228, "label": "Seminole"}, "source": {"value": 88, "label": "s54"}, "pageno": "198", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaf taken for bear sickness: fever, headache, thirst, constipation & blocked urination.", "rawsource": "Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 198"}
{"id": 42649, "species": {"value": 4105, "label": "Veratrum viride Ait."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed by children for drooling.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"}
{"id": 41703, "species": {"value": 4058, "label": "Urtica dioica L."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "246", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Stems put under splints to hasten the healing process.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"}
{"id": 41526, "species": {"value": 4052, "label": "Ulmus rubra Muhl."}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Fresh, inner bark used as a masticatory.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"}
{"id": 40834, "species": {"value": 4040, "label": "Trollius laxus Salisb."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "36", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and stem used for 'thrash.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"}
{"id": 40469, "species": {"value": 3973, "label": "Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "373", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of plant applied to infectious sores on lips.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 373"}
{"id": 40307, "species": {"value": 3957, "label": "Tiarella cordifolia L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "344", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of smashed roots given to babies with sore mouths.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 344"}
{"id": 40302, "species": {"value": 3957, "label": "Tiarella cordifolia L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "34", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion held in mouth to 'remove white coat from tongue.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"}
{"id": 40247, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 243, "label": "Skokomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of buds used as a gargle.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"}
{"id": 39268, "species": {"value": 3883, "label": "Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Perry"}, "tribe": {"value": 90, "label": "Hawaiian"}, "source": {"value": 68, "label": "a22"}, "pageno": "31", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark & other plants pounded, squeezed & the resulting liquid taken for bad breath & mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 31"}
{"id": 39263, "species": {"value": 3882, "label": "Syringa vulgaris L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "413", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark or leaves chewed for sore mouth caused by smoking someone else's pipe.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 413"}
{"id": 39262, "species": {"value": 3882, "label": "Syringa vulgaris L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "413", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark or leaves chewed for sore mouth caused by kissing a girl with menses.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 413"}
{"id": 39261, "species": {"value": 3882, "label": "Syringa vulgaris L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "413", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark or leaves chewed by children for sore mouths.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 413"}
{"id": 39092, "species": {"value": 3849, "label": "Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake"}, "tribe": {"value": 241, "label": "Skagit"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant given to babies with coated tongues.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47"}
{"id": 38900, "species": {"value": 3825, "label": "Stenotus lanuginosus var. lanuginosus"}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "97", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant used for sore gums.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97"}
{"id": 38895, "species": {"value": 3824, "label": "Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze"}, "tribe": {"value": 90, "label": "Hawaiian"}, "source": {"value": 68, "label": "a22"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaf ash used for excessive saliva from babies' mouths.", "rawsource": "Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 10"}
{"id": 38666, "species": {"value": 3776, "label": "Sphaeralcea fendleri Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant taken for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 32"}
{"id": 38449, "species": {"value": 3740, "label": "Solidago odora Ait."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "36", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root chewed for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"}
{"id": 38245, "species": {"value": 3716, "label": "Solanum carolinense L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Roots strung around baby's neck for teething.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"}
{"id": 37652, "species": {"value": 3639, "label": "Sempervivum sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 131, "label": "Mahuna"}, "source": {"value": 5, "label": "r54"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant used for the prevention of salivary gland swelling.", "rawsource": "Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 47"}
{"id": 37639, "species": {"value": 3636, "label": "Sedum spathulifolium Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "205", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant used for sore gums.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 205"}
{"id": 37478, "species": {"value": 3609, "label": "Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla"}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Compound used as medicine for 'spoiled saliva.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"}
{"id": 37359, "species": {"value": 3602, "label": "Schoenocrambe linearifolia (Gray) Rollins"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for sore gums.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"}
{"id": 37356, "species": {"value": 3601, "label": "Schkuhria multiflora Hook. & Arn."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant chewed ten minutes for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"}
{"id": 37299, "species": {"value": 3589, "label": "Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees"}, "tribe": {"value": 228, "label": "Seminole"}, "source": {"value": 88, "label": "s54"}, "pageno": "220", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark taken by babies for opossum sickness: appetite loss and drooling.", "rawsource": "Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 220"}
{"id": 37298, "species": {"value": 3589, "label": "Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees"}, "tribe": {"value": 228, "label": "Seminole"}, "source": {"value": 88, "label": "s54"}, "pageno": "225", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark taken as an emetic by children & adults for dog sickness: appetite loss & drooling.", "rawsource": "Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 225"}
{"id": 37221, "species": {"value": 3589, "label": "Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees"}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 86, "label": "perry75"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Roots chewed to remove odor caused by eating ramps.", "rawsource": "Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 44"}
{"id": 37113, "species": {"value": 3582, "label": "Sanvitalia abertii Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "53", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Warm infusion used as mouthwash and leaves chewed for canker sores.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53"}
{"id": 37106, "species": {"value": 3582, "label": "Sanvitalia abertii Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "88", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant chewed for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 88"}
{"id": 36339, "species": {"value": 3552, "label": "Salix tweedyi (Bebb ex Rose) Ball"}, "tribe": {"value": 74, "label": "Eskimo, Nunivak"}, "source": {"value": 94, "label": "s73"}, "pageno": "325", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant chewed for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325"}
{"id": 36287, "species": {"value": 3551, "label": "Salix sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "7", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Fresh leaves chewed for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"}
{"id": 36178, "species": {"value": 3551, "label": "Salix sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 75, "label": "Eskimo, Western"}, "source": {"value": 177, "label": "l59"}, "pageno": "5, 6", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used as a wash for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5, 6"}
{"id": 36167, "species": {"value": 3551, "label": "Salix sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 60, "label": "Crow"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark chewed for tooth hygiene.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"}
{"id": 36080, "species": {"value": 3548, "label": "Salix sericea Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "294", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Used for mouth and throat abscesses.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 294"}
{"id": 36042, "species": {"value": 3545, "label": "Salix pulchra Cham."}, "tribe": {"value": 75, "label": "Eskimo, Western"}, "source": {"value": 177, "label": "l59"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 17"}
{"id": 36041, "species": {"value": 3545, "label": "Salix pulchra Cham."}, "tribe": {"value": 74, "label": "Eskimo, Nunivak"}, "source": {"value": 94, "label": "s73"}, "pageno": "325", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant chewed for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325"}
{"id": 36035, "species": {"value": 3545, "label": "Salix pulchra Cham."}, "tribe": {"value": 72, "label": "Eskimo, Inupiat"}, "source": {"value": 54, "label": "j83"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves made the mouth smell good.", "rawsource": "Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10"}
{"id": 36028, "species": {"value": 3545, "label": "Salix pulchra Cham."}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 152, "label": "aa80"}, "pageno": "34", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark and leaves chewed for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34"}
{"id": 35888, "species": {"value": 3533, "label": "Salix humilis var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs"}, "tribe": {"value": 30, "label": "Catawba"}, "source": {"value": 115, "label": "t40"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of roots used as a wash for children with sore mouths.", "rawsource": "Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"}
{"id": 35848, "species": {"value": 3529, "label": "Salix fuscescens Anderss."}, "tribe": {"value": 75, "label": "Eskimo, Western"}, "source": {"value": 177, "label": "l59"}, "pageno": "17, 60", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 17, 60"}
{"id": 35739, "species": {"value": 3523, "label": "Salix caroliniana Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 228, "label": "Seminole"}, "source": {"value": 88, "label": "s54"}, "pageno": "232", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant used for lion sickness: panting, staring and tongue hanging out.", "rawsource": "Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 232"}
{"id": 35660, "species": {"value": 3519, "label": "Salix arbusculoides Anderss."}, "tribe": {"value": 73, "label": "Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut"}, "source": {"value": 187, "label": "o57"}, "pageno": "30", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Oswalt, W. H., 1957, A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36, page 30"}
{"id": 35407, "species": {"value": 3487, "label": "Rumex hymenosepalus Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "51", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root held in the mouth for sore gums.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"}
{"id": 35305, "species": {"value": 3485, "label": "Rumex crispus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of leaf used on mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"}
{"id": 35050, "species": {"value": 3471, "label": "Rubus trivialis Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Washed root chewed for coated tongue.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"}
{"id": 34414, "species": {"value": 3448, "label": "Rubus flagellaris Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Washed root chewed for coated tongue.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"}
{"id": 34350, "species": {"value": 3442, "label": "Rubus argutus Link"}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Washed root chewed for coated tongue.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"}
{"id": 34287, "species": {"value": 3438, "label": "Rubus allegheniensis Porter"}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Washed root chewed for coated tongue.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"}
{"id": 34171, "species": {"value": 3432, "label": "Rosa sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 60, "label": "Crow"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of crushed roots taken for mouth bleeding.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 62"}
{"id": 33738, "species": {"value": 3396, "label": "Ribes sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 148, "label": "b66"}, "pageno": "382", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Roots scraped on sandstone and rubbed on sores or around the mouths of children.", "rawsource": "Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 382"}
{"id": 33737, "species": {"value": 3396, "label": "Ribes sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 148, "label": "b66"}, "pageno": "382", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root 'rubbed on sores or around the mouths of children.'", "rawsource": "Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 382"}
{"id": 33618, "species": {"value": 3378, "label": "Ribes lobbii Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "286", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of roots and salt water applied to mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"}
{"id": 33297, "species": {"value": 3355, "label": "Rhus typhina L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 135, "label": "ahj81"}, "pageno": "2244", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of gall infected leaves taken for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2244"}
{"id": 33149, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Berries used for a mouth wash.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66"}
{"id": 33142, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 102, "label": "Jemez"}, "source": {"value": 28, "label": "c30"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark chewed for sore gums.", "rawsource": "Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"}
{"id": 33059, "species": {"value": 3351, "label": "Rhus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "371", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of cones used as a wash for chancres and sore throats.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 371"}
{"id": 33006, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root chewed for sore mouth or tongue.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"}
{"id": 33005, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "466", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Fresh root chewed for sore mouth or tongue.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"}
{"id": 32998, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 225, "label": "Sanpoil"}, "source": {"value": 44, "label": "r32"}, "pageno": "219", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed and held in the mouth for sore gums.", "rawsource": "Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 219"}
{"id": 32973, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root chewed for sore mouth or tongue.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"}
{"id": 32920, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "342", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Compound decoction of blossoms used as mouthwash for teething children.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"}
{"id": 32919, "species": {"value": 3347, "label": "Rhus glabra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 15, "label": "gil33"}, "pageno": "135", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Blossoms chewed for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 135"}
{"id": 32896, "species": {"value": 3345, "label": "Rhus copallinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 63, "label": "Delaware, Oklahoma"}, "source": {"value": 22, "label": "t42"}, "pageno": "26, 78", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Berries used to make mouthwash.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 78"}
{"id": 32892, "species": {"value": 3345, "label": "Rhus copallinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 62, "label": "Delaware"}, "source": {"value": 97, "label": "t72"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Berries used to make mouthwash.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 32"}
{"id": 32823, "species": {"value": 3335, "label": "Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. integrifolia"}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 152, "label": "aa80"}, "pageno": "36", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Roots chewed and the juice spat out for sores in the mouth.", "rawsource": "Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 36"}
{"id": 32706, "species": {"value": 3315, "label": "Ranunculus recurvatus Poir."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "31", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion used for 'thrash.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"}
{"id": 32649, "species": {"value": 3300, "label": "Ranunculus acris L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "31", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion used for 'thrash.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"}
{"id": 32628, "species": {"value": 3299, "label": "Ranunculus abortivus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "31", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion used for 'thrash.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31"}
{"id": 32536, "species": {"value": 3293, "label": "Quercus velutina Lam."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark chewed for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"}
{"id": 32499, "species": {"value": 3290, "label": "Quercus stellata Wangenh."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark chewed for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"}
{"id": 32354, "species": {"value": 3285, "label": "Quercus rubra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark chewed for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"}
{"id": 32168, "species": {"value": 3269, "label": "Quercus imbricaria Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark chewed for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"}
{"id": 32107, "species": {"value": 3264, "label": "Quercus gambelii var. gambelii"}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Velvet pubescence rubbed on babies' tongues to remove milk coating.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64"}
{"id": 32044, "species": {"value": 3262, "label": "Quercus falcata Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark chewed for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"}
{"id": 31867, "species": {"value": 3253, "label": "Quercus alba L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark chewed for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"}
{"id": 31793, "species": {"value": 3241, "label": "Pyrola elliptica Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 149, "label": "Mohegan"}, "source": {"value": 97, "label": "t72"}, "pageno": "74, 130", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for canker sores.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130"}
{"id": 31792, "species": {"value": 3241, "label": "Pyrola elliptica Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 149, "label": "Mohegan"}, "source": {"value": 110, "label": "tan28"}, "pageno": "264", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves used as a gargle for sores or cankers in the mouth.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 264"}
{"id": 31313, "species": {"value": 3201, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii"}, "tribe": {"value": 253, "label": "Swinomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bud tips chewed for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"}
{"id": 31210, "species": {"value": 3199, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Peeled plant tops chewed, especially by young people at puberty, as a mouth freshener.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"}
{"id": 31098, "species": {"value": 3194, "label": "Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium"}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "51, 52", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Chewed for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 51, 52"}
{"id": 30891, "species": {"value": 3182, "label": "Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 87, "label": "Haisla and Hanaksiala"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "273", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of mashed leaves applied to oral abscesses.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 273"}
{"id": 30737, "species": {"value": 3181, "label": "Prunus virginiana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "28, 29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark used for 'thrash.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28, 29"}
{"id": 30578, "species": {"value": 3177, "label": "Prunus serotina Ehrh."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "28, 29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark used for 'thrash.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28, 29"}
{"id": 30481, "species": {"value": 3172, "label": "Prunus pensylvanica L. f."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "28, 29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark used for 'thrash.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28, 29"}
{"id": 30364, "species": {"value": 3166, "label": "Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "290", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Roots held in the mouth by children with canker sores.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"}
{"id": 30363, "species": {"value": 3166, "label": "Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 148, "label": "b66"}, "pageno": "383", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of rubbed root applied to sores in child's mouth.", "rawsource": "Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 383"}
{"id": 30362, "species": {"value": 3166, "label": "Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 148, "label": "b66"}, "pageno": "383", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark ash rubbed on newborn's chest to protect against rash and sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 383"}
{"id": 30361, "species": {"value": 3166, "label": "Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "290", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark ash rubbed on chest of baby as protection from mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"}
{"id": 30325, "species": {"value": 3164, "label": "Prunus cerasus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "28, 29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark used for 'thrash.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28, 29"}
{"id": 30269, "species": {"value": 3160, "label": "Prunus americana Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "242", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root bark used as an astringent medicine for mouth cankers.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 242"}
{"id": 30230, "species": {"value": 3160, "label": "Prunus americana Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Smashed fruits used for mouth disease.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35"}