{"id": 163, "species": {"value": 5, "label": "Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "268", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root held in the mouth for gum boils and canker sores.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"}
{"id": 226, "species": {"value": 6, "label": "Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "123", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"}
{"id": 261, "species": {"value": 6, "label": "Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "2", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Needles pounded, mixed with lard and used for bleeding gums.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"}
{"id": 362, "species": {"value": 10, "label": "Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Cold infusion used as lotion for sores or sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"}
{"id": 1092, "species": {"value": 43, "label": "Achillea sibirica Ledeb."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of chewed roots applied to gum sores.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"}
{"id": 1387, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 231, "label": "Shinnecock"}, "source": {"value": 62, "label": "cw45"}, "pageno": "118", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root dried, cooked in sugar and eaten for the breath.", "rawsource": "Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"}
{"id": 2356, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 134, "label": "Malecite"}, "source": {"value": 93, "label": "mech59"}, "pageno": "245", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark chewed and used for ulcerated mouths.", "rawsource": "Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 245"}
{"id": 2364, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 141, "label": "Micmac"}, "source": {"value": 35, "label": "cfh79"}, "pageno": "54", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark used for ulcerated mouth.", "rawsource": "Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54"}
{"id": 2612, "species": {"value": 173, "label": "Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark given to babies for 'thrash,' a mouth soreness.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"}
{"id": 3426, "species": {"value": 259, "label": "Angelica atropurpurea L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "'Root tonic' used as gargle for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"}
{"id": 3586, "species": {"value": 269, "label": "Angelica tomentosa S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root chewed or held in the mouth to prevent bad breath.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 20"}
{"id": 3761, "species": {"value": 296, "label": "Apocynum androsaemifolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "354355", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root used for coated tongue and headache.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355"}
{"id": 4022, "species": {"value": 318, "label": "Aralia nudicaulis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots used to wash teething child's infected gums to prevent spread of infection.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"}
{"id": 4510, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant used as a mouthwash for cankers and sore gums.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"}
{"id": 4568, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 60, "label": "Crow"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves pulverized and powder used for canker sores of the mouth.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"}
{"id": 4670, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "211", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for canker sores and weak gums.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"}
{"id": 4916, "species": {"value": 377, "label": "Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Roots chewed for tongue and mouth diseases.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"}
{"id": 4995, "species": {"value": 388, "label": "Artemisia campestris L."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed by runners for the mentholating properties.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"}
{"id": 5600, "species": {"value": 406, "label": "Artemisia tilesii Ledeb."}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of above the ground part of the plant taken for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17"}
{"id": 5684, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "78", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves and branches taken for tonsillitis.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"}
{"id": 5823, "species": {"value": 408, "label": "Artemisia tripartita Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "79", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves and branches taken for tonsillitis.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"}
{"id": 5864, "species": {"value": 413, "label": "Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg"}, "tribe": {"value": 90, "label": "Hawaiian"}, "source": {"value": 68, "label": "a22"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Milk and other plants used for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 38"}
{"id": 6375, "species": {"value": 449, "label": "Asclepias viridiflora Raf."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "75", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of chewed roots applied to nursing baby's sore gums.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"}
{"id": 6399, "species": {"value": 452, "label": "Asplenium horridum Kaulfuss"}, "tribe": {"value": 90, "label": "Hawaiian"}, "source": {"value": 68, "label": "a22"}, "pageno": "14", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Buds and burnt potato peel chewed for sore mouths.", "rawsource": "Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 14"}
{"id": 6403, "species": {"value": 453, "label": "Asplenium nidus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 90, "label": "Hawaiian"}, "source": {"value": 68, "label": "a22"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Shoots & other plants pounded, squeezed & resulting liquid used for children with mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 22"}
{"id": 6411, "species": {"value": 454, "label": "Asplenium pseudofalcatum"}, "tribe": {"value": 90, "label": "Hawaiian"}, "source": {"value": 68, "label": "a22"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaf ashes, nut juice and fruit milk mixed and used on sores about the mouth.", "rawsource": "Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 29"}
{"id": 6867, "species": {"value": 549, "label": "Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 13, "label": "g05"}, "pageno": "38, 39", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root chewed and saliva allowed to run down throat for sore mouth and throat.", "rawsource": "Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 38, 39"}
{"id": 7038, "species": {"value": 568, "label": "Berberis vulgaris L."}, "tribe": {"value": 141, "label": "Micmac"}, "source": {"value": 35, "label": "cfh79"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark and root used for ulcerated gums.", "rawsource": "Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 55"}
{"id": 7043, "species": {"value": 568, "label": "Berberis vulgaris L."}, "tribe": {"value": 192, "label": "Penobscot"}, "source": {"value": 103, "label": "s17"}, "pageno": "309", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of pounded root or bark applied to ulcerated gums.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"}
{"id": 7402, "species": {"value": 604, "label": "Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Stem used as a toothpick.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"}
{"id": 7403, "species": {"value": 604, "label": "Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Stem used as a toothpick.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"}
{"id": 8269, "species": {"value": 762, "label": "Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark chewed for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"}
{"id": 8270, "species": {"value": 762, "label": "Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 115, "label": "t40"}, "pageno": "14", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Chewed inner bark used for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"}
{"id": 8316, "species": {"value": 766, "label": "Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark chewed for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"}
{"id": 8385, "species": {"value": 768, "label": "Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark chewed for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"}
{"id": 8602, "species": {"value": 807, "label": "Ceanothus americanus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "382", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore roof of the mouth.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 382"}
{"id": 8639, "species": {"value": 809, "label": "Ceanothus fendleri Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed for sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"}
{"id": 9161, "species": {"value": 866, "label": "Chamaesyce fendleri (Torr. & Gray) Small"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "33, 83-84", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Dried, ground plant used as soothing lip balm.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 83-84"}
{"id": 9231, "species": {"value": 880, "label": "Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia"}, "tribe": {"value": 15, "label": "Apache, White Mountain"}, "source": {"value": 45, "label": "r29"}, "pageno": "158", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant chewed to sweeten the saliva.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158"}
{"id": 9792, "species": {"value": 934, "label": "Chrysothamnus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 102, "label": "Jemez"}, "source": {"value": 28, "label": "c30"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of green parts tied with cedar boughs or twigs and used as a gargle.", "rawsource": "Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21"}
{"id": 9911, "species": {"value": 951, "label": "Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 59, "label": "r45ii"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of roots used for mouth sickness.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 63"}
{"id": 9912, "species": {"value": 951, "label": "Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop."}, "tribe": {"value": 149, "label": "Mohegan"}, "source": {"value": 97, "label": "t72"}, "pageno": "71, 128", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for infants.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 71, 128"}
{"id": 9990, "species": {"value": 968, "label": "Cirsium remotifolium (Hook.) DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 148, "label": "b66"}, "pageno": "383", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of root used to wipe out child's mouth for rash and cankers.", "rawsource": "Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 383"}
{"id": 9991, "species": {"value": 968, "label": "Cirsium remotifolium (Hook.) DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 148, "label": "b66"}, "pageno": "383", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root held in mouth for rash or cankers in mouth and infusion used for children.", "rawsource": "Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 383"}
{"id": 9992, "species": {"value": 968, "label": "Cirsium remotifolium (Hook.) DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 148, "label": "b66"}, "pageno": "383", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root skins dried, soaked in water and used as a wash for mouth rashes and cankers.", "rawsource": "Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 383"}
{"id": 10012, "species": {"value": 971, "label": "Cirsium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "278", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Dried outer root held in the mouth for cankers and gum sores.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"}
{"id": 10420, "species": {"value": 1034, "label": "Clitoria mariana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion held in mouth for ten to twenty minutes for thrush.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"}
{"id": 10491, "species": {"value": 1051, "label": "Comandra umbellata ssp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl"}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "18", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant used as a mouth wash for canker sores.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 18"}
{"id": 10652, "species": {"value": 1072, "label": "Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "322", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of roots used for sore mouths of children and trench mouth.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 322"}
{"id": 10653, "species": {"value": 1072, "label": "Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 116, "label": "r45i"}, "pageno": "87", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Roots chewed for mouth pains.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 87"}
{"id": 10660, "species": {"value": 1072, "label": "Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb."}, "tribe": {"value": 134, "label": "Malecite"}, "source": {"value": 93, "label": "mech59"}, "pageno": "245", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant used for children with sore mouths.", "rawsource": "Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 245"}
{"id": 10663, "species": {"value": 1072, "label": "Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Astringent root used as a wash for oral cankers and babies' teething pains.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 48"}
{"id": 10667, "species": {"value": 1072, "label": "Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb."}, "tribe": {"value": 141, "label": "Micmac"}, "source": {"value": 35, "label": "cfh79"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Herb used for sore and diseased mouth.", "rawsource": "Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"}
{"id": 10669, "species": {"value": 1072, "label": "Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb."}, "tribe": {"value": 149, "label": "Mohegan"}, "source": {"value": 97, "label": "t72"}, "pageno": "72, 128", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for infants.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 72, 128"}
{"id": 10670, "species": {"value": 1072, "label": "Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb."}, "tribe": {"value": 149, "label": "Mohegan"}, "source": {"value": 110, "label": "tan28"}, "pageno": "265", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant used as a mouth wash for babies.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265"}
{"id": 10673, "species": {"value": 1072, "label": "Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "383", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of root used as a wash for sore mouth and to soothe mouth of teething baby.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383"}
{"id": 10677, "species": {"value": 1072, "label": "Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb."}, "tribe": {"value": 192, "label": "Penobscot"}, "source": {"value": 103, "label": "s17"}, "pageno": "309", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Stems chewed for mouth sores and mouths irritated by tobacco smoking.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"}
{"id": 10679, "species": {"value": 1072, "label": "Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "74", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Roots used for sore gums and especially for pain of teething babies.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 74"}
{"id": 10941, "species": {"value": 1098, "label": "Cornus racemosa Lam."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "218, 219", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark held in mouth for toothache.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 218, 219"}
{"id": 11056, "species": {"value": 1102, "label": "Cornus sericea ssp. sericea"}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "403", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark taken for nose or mouth hemorrhages.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 403"}
{"id": 11358, "species": {"value": 1123, "label": "Crataegus douglasii Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "124", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of new shoots used to wash a baby's mouth for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124"}
{"id": 11786, "species": {"value": 1172, "label": "Curcuma longa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 90, "label": "Hawaiian"}, "source": {"value": 68, "label": "a22"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Bark and other plants pounded, squeezed and the resulting liquid used to gargle.", "rawsource": "Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 33"}
{"id": 12279, "species": {"value": 1247, "label": "Delphinium bicolor Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "82", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant given to children with frothy mouthspells.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"}
{"id": 12427, "species": {"value": 1281, "label": "Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "59", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Roots chewed for sore gums and mouth, including pyorrhea.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"}
{"id": 12431, "species": {"value": 1283, "label": "Desmodium perplexum Schub."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "59", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Roots chewed for sore gums and mouth, including pyorrhea.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"}
{"id": 12565, "species": {"value": 1310, "label": "Diospyros virginiana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Syrup used for thrush.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"}
{"id": 12572, "species": {"value": 1310, "label": "Diospyros virginiana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 211, "label": "Rappahannock"}, "source": {"value": 102, "label": "shc42"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of inner bark used as a wash for thrash.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25"}
{"id": 12645, "species": {"value": 1323, "label": "Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. pulchellum"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "76", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves gargled, especially by children, for cankers.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"}
{"id": 12749, "species": {"value": 1348, "label": "Echinacea angustifolia DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 39, "label": "g72"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of powdered leaves and roots taken or root chewed for sore mouth or gums.", "rawsource": "Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"}
{"id": 12750, "species": {"value": 1348, "label": "Echinacea angustifolia DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 39, "label": "g72"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root used to stimulate the flow of saliva.", "rawsource": "Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"}
{"id": 12768, "species": {"value": 1348, "label": "Echinacea angustifolia DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 125, "label": "Lakota"}, "source": {"value": 108, "label": "r80"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant chewed when thirsty.", "rawsource": "Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 37"}
{"id": 12773, "species": {"value": 1348, "label": "Echinacea angustifolia DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "11", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Dried root with 'smarting, acrid taste' caused a profuse flow of saliva.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"}
{"id": 12842, "species": {"value": 1350, "label": "Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of powdered roots and leaves taken for sore mouth and gums.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 38"}
{"id": 12874, "species": {"value": 1354, "label": "Echinocactus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 131, "label": "Mahuna"}, "source": {"value": 5, "label": "r54"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant used for the prevention of salivary gland swelling.", "rawsource": "Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 47"}
{"id": 13539, "species": {"value": 1431, "label": "Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde"}, "tribe": {"value": 266, "label": "Tolowa"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Stem rubbed on child's teeth to keep them from gritting their teeth.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29"}
{"id": 13618, "species": {"value": 1450, "label": "Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird"}, "tribe": {"value": 257, "label": "Tewa"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "45", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "White galls from plants hung around babies' necks to stop dribbling.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45"}
{"id": 13922, "species": {"value": 1491, "label": "Eriodictyon trichocalyx Heller"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Fresh leaves chewed as a thirst quencher.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 71"}
{"id": 13944, "species": {"value": 1494, "label": "Eriogonum alatum Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of root used as a mouthwash for sore gums.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"}
{"id": 13965, "species": {"value": 1497, "label": "Eriogonum annuum Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 125, "label": "Lakota"}, "source": {"value": 108, "label": "r80"}, "pageno": "54", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant used for children with sore mouths.", "rawsource": "Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 54"}
{"id": 14052, "species": {"value": 1514, "label": "Eriogonum jamesii Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 15, "label": "Apache, White Mountain"}, "source": {"value": 45, "label": "r29"}, "pageno": "157", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Plant chewed to sweeten the saliva.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157"}
{"id": 14064, "species": {"value": 1514, "label": "Eriogonum jamesii Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 291, "label": "Zuni"}, "source": {"value": 6, "label": "s15"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root carried in mouth for sore tongue, then buried in river bottom.", "rawsource": "Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 50"}
{"id": 14144, "species": {"value": 1530, "label": "Eriogonum sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 131, "label": "Mahuna"}, "source": {"value": 5, "label": "r54"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of flowers and leaves used as a mouthwash for pyorrhea.", "rawsource": "Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 25"}
{"id": 14615, "species": {"value": 1592, "label": "Euphorbia sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "73", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant taken for mouth sores.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 73"}
{"id": 14872, "species": {"value": 1635, "label": "Fragaria sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "352", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots used as a wash for chancre sores.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 352"}
{"id": 14895, "species": {"value": 1636, "label": "Fragaria vesca L."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "125", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaf powder dusted into baby's sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125"}
{"id": 15010, "species": {"value": 1640, "label": "Fragaria virginiana Duchesne"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "125", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaf powder dusted into baby's sore mouth.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125"}
{"id": 15584, "species": {"value": 1702, "label": "Gaultheria procumbens L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed for tender gums.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"}
{"id": 15641, "species": {"value": 1703, "label": "Gaultheria shallon Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "299", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves used to dry the mouth.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"}
{"id": 15811, "species": {"value": 1727, "label": "Geranium maculatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction and fox grapes used to wash children's mouths for 'thrush.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"}
{"id": 15814, "species": {"value": 1727, "label": "Geranium maculatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "342", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Dried, pulverized root put in mouth, especially by children, for sores.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"}
{"id": 15825, "species": {"value": 1727, "label": "Geranium maculatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "366", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Roots used several ways for sore mouth, trench mouth and chancre sores.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 366"}
{"id": 15836, "species": {"value": 1727, "label": "Geranium maculatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "222", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of root used for pyorrhea, sore gums and toothache.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 222"}
{"id": 15839, "species": {"value": 1727, "label": "Geranium maculatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "370371", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root used for sore mouths and flux.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 370371"}
{"id": 15843, "species": {"value": 1728, "label": "Geranium oreganum T.J. Howell"}, "tribe": {"value": 216, "label": "Salish"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "293", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Leaf held between lips for sore lips.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 293"}
{"id": 15931, "species": {"value": 1738, "label": "Geum triflorum Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of roots used as a mouthwash for cankers.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"}
{"id": 16034, "species": {"value": 1758, "label": "Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "113", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Burs kept in the mouth by buffalo runners to protect against thirst.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"}
{"id": 16078, "species": {"value": 1758, "label": "Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 291, "label": "Zuni"}, "source": {"value": 157, "label": "cb80"}, "pageno": "376", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Root chewed to keep the mouth sweet and moist.", "rawsource": "Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 376"}
{"id": 16112, "species": {"value": 1764, "label": "Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f."}, "tribe": {"value": 149, "label": "Mohegan"}, "source": {"value": 97, "label": "t72"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Mashed leaves used to wipe out infants' mouths to prevent soreness.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 72"}
{"id": 16113, "species": {"value": 1764, "label": "Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f."}, "tribe": {"value": 149, "label": "Mohegan"}, "source": {"value": 110, "label": "tan28"}, "pageno": "265", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of mashed leaves used for babies with sore mouths.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265"}
{"id": 16583, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 111, "label": "Kiowa"}, "source": {"value": 140, "label": "vs39"}, "pageno": "60", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 23, "label": "Oral Aid"}, "notes": "Coagulated sap chewed, by the elders, to diminish thirst.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60"}