{"id": 27268, "species": {"value": 2938, "label": "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of boughs used for any kind of illness.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 27921, "species": {"value": 2966, "label": "Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of boughs used for any kind of illness by old people.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 103"}
{"id": 9352, "species": {"value": 889, "label": "Cheilanthes wootonii Maxon"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "11", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used as 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"}
{"id": 33521, "species": {"value": 3371, "label": "Ribes hudsonianum Richards."}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "11", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves and berries taken for sickness in general.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11"}
{"id": 36419, "species": {"value": 3559, "label": "Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "110", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction or infusion of leaves used for any illness of a general nature.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"}
{"id": 39561, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "111", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark taken for any illness.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"}
{"id": 11600, "species": {"value": 1161, "label": "Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth"}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "116117", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"}
{"id": 11620, "species": {"value": 1161, "label": "Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth"}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "116117", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"}
{"id": 11628, "species": {"value": 1161, "label": "Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth"}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "116117", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"}
{"id": 11630, "species": {"value": 1161, "label": "Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth"}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "116117", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"}
{"id": 11637, "species": {"value": 1161, "label": "Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth"}, "tribe": {"value": 280, "label": "Winnebago"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "116117", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"}
{"id": 30379, "species": {"value": 3166, "label": "Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "120", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark taken as a general tonic for healing any sickness.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"}
{"id": 22256, "species": {"value": 2391, "label": "Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "121", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark taken for 'any kind of sickness.'", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"}
{"id": 20796, "species": {"value": 2235, "label": "Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance"}, "tribe": {"value": 185, "label": "Paiute, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 50, "label": "f89"}, "pageno": "129", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used for all the common ailments and injuries.", "rawsource": "Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129"}
{"id": 37896, "species": {"value": 3658, "label": "Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of berries taken for sickness.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 13"}
{"id": 29702, "species": {"value": 3108, "label": "Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy"}, "tribe": {"value": 88, "label": "Hanaksiala"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "131", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant taken or poultice applied for any kind of sickness in the stomach or body.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 131"}
{"id": 15140, "species": {"value": 1648, "label": "Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper"}, "tribe": {"value": 277, "label": "West Coast Indian"}, "source": {"value": 200, "label": "r34"}, "pageno": "133", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of root bark or bark taken for most any sort of disease.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert, 1934, Various Uses of Plants by West Coast Indians, Washington Historical Quarterly 25:133-37, page 133"}
{"id": 3997, "species": {"value": 316, "label": "Aralia californica S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 80, "label": "g67"}, "pageno": "14", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used as a medicine for various ailments.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"}
{"id": 20227, "species": {"value": 2179, "label": "Ligusticum grayi Coult. & Rose"}, "tribe": {"value": 19, "label": "Atsugewi"}, "source": {"value": 129, "label": "g53"}, "pageno": "140", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of root taken or roots chewed for ailments.", "rawsource": "Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140"}
{"id": 7379, "species": {"value": 592, "label": "Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm."}, "tribe": {"value": 209, "label": "Quileute"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves taken for general ill health.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"}
{"id": 7444, "species": {"value": 608, "label": "Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "15, 16", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Cold, compound infusion of root used internally and externally as 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15, 16"}
{"id": 31, "species": {"value": 2, "label": "Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 1, "label": "Abnaki"}, "source": {"value": 84, "label": "r47"}, "pageno": "155", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Leaves made into pillows and used as a panacea.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"}
{"id": 3930, "species": {"value": 303, "label": "Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "155", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used for a variety of maladies.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 155"}
{"id": 22589, "species": {"value": 2443, "label": "Mentha arvensis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 1, "label": "Abnaki"}, "source": {"value": 84, "label": "r47"}, "pageno": "155", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Used by children for maladies.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"}
{"id": 39839, "species": {"value": 3950, "label": "Thuja occidentalis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 1, "label": "Abnaki"}, "source": {"value": 84, "label": "r47"}, "pageno": "155", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Leaves made into pillows and used as a panacea.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"}
{"id": 40692, "species": {"value": 4019, "label": "Trillium erectum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 1, "label": "Abnaki"}, "source": {"value": 84, "label": "r47"}, "pageno": "155", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Used by children for maladies.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"}
{"id": 4795, "species": {"value": 365, "label": "Argythamnia cyanophylla (Woot. & Standl.) Ingram"}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 141, "label": "h56"}, "pageno": "158", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used as a 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 158"}
{"id": 19868, "species": {"value": 2126, "label": "Ledum palustre L."}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "16", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of stems & leaves, blackberry leaves & spruce inner bark taken for sickness in general.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16"}
{"id": 39448, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 31, "label": "Chehalis"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "16", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of crushed leaves used as a wash to improve general health.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"}
{"id": 14295, "species": {"value": 1552, "label": "Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose"}, "tribe": {"value": 228, "label": "Seminole"}, "source": {"value": 88, "label": "s54"}, "pageno": "161", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used medicinally for everything.", "rawsource": "Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 161"}
{"id": 26136, "species": {"value": 2837, "label": "Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 228, "label": "Seminole"}, "source": {"value": 88, "label": "s54"}, "pageno": "161", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Leaves used medicinally for everything and could be added to any medicine.", "rawsource": "Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 161"}
{"id": 24545, "species": {"value": 2640, "label": "Oplopanax horridus Miq."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "164", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of sticks, with the spines and outer bark removed, taken for everything. The infusion was taken in doses of about one half cup before meals, to replace milk and other beverages.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164"}
{"id": 975, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "166", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used as a wash for any kind of sickness.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"}
{"id": 976, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "166", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of whole plant taken for any sickness.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"}
{"id": 1207, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 39, "label": "g72"}, "pageno": "171", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root chewed and rubbed on the skin for any illness.", "rawsource": "Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171"}
{"id": 5800, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "172", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Dried branch smoke used to fumigate the house, to protect the inhabitants against sickness.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"}
{"id": 37066, "species": {"value": 3574, "label": "Sanicula bipinnatifida Dougl. ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 144, "label": "Miwok"}, "source": {"value": 100, "label": "bg33"}, "pageno": "172", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of root taken as a cure all.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 172"}
{"id": 3974, "species": {"value": 309, "label": "Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 39, "label": "g72"}, "pageno": "174", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant taken as a general preventative for sickness.", "rawsource": "Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 174"}
{"id": 40691, "species": {"value": 4019, "label": "Trillium erectum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 1, "label": "Abnaki"}, "source": {"value": 84, "label": "r47"}, "pageno": "174", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Bulbs ground and given to sick children with unidentified illnesses.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 174"}
{"id": 13674, "species": {"value": 1454, "label": "Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "178", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant taken for 'all diseases.'", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"}
{"id": 13939, "species": {"value": 1494, "label": "Eriogonum alatum Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used as a life medicine.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 19"}
{"id": 19737, "species": {"value": 2117, "label": "Lathyrus vestitus Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots used as a general remedy.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 19"}
{"id": 42590, "species": {"value": 4102, "label": "Veratrum californicum Dur."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "195", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used for a variety of maladies.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 195"}
{"id": 7708, "species": {"value": 669, "label": "Calochortus aureus S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Bulb used as 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20"}
{"id": 7725, "species": {"value": 673, "label": "Calochortus gunnisonii S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Bulb used as 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20"}
{"id": 28598, "species": {"value": 3018, "label": "Platanus racemosa Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant used as a general remedy.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 20"}
{"id": 35387, "species": {"value": 3487, "label": "Rumex hymenosepalus Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used as a life medicine.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 20"}
{"id": 3829, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "201", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root used as a universal remedy for many things, especially dropsy and ague.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 201"}
{"id": 10965, "species": {"value": 1100, "label": "Cornus sericea L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "204", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used as a medicine for anything by the elderly.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"}
{"id": 25389, "species": {"value": 2733, "label": "Panax quinquefolius L."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "204", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Used as a universal remedy for children and adults.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 204"}
{"id": 360, "species": {"value": 10, "label": "Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used as a life medicine.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21"}
{"id": 19038, "species": {"value": 2062, "label": "Juniperus scopulorum Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 253, "label": "Swinomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves used as a wash for all ailments.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"}
{"id": 23033, "species": {"value": 2487, "label": "Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl"}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used as a life medicine.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21"}
{"id": 22751, "species": {"value": 2443, "label": "Mentha arvensis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 225, "label": "Sanpoil"}, "source": {"value": 44, "label": "r32"}, "pageno": "218", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves taken by adults for 'illnesses of a general nature.'", "rawsource": "Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 218"}
{"id": 22752, "species": {"value": 2443, "label": "Mentha arvensis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 225, "label": "Sanpoil"}, "source": {"value": 44, "label": "r32"}, "pageno": "218", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves given to children for 'illnesses of a general nature.'", "rawsource": "Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 218"}
{"id": 13251, "species": {"value": 1412, "label": "Epilobium canum ssp. angustifolium (Keck) Raven"}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used as a general remedy.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 22"}
{"id": 21665, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 210, "label": "Quinault"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Poultice of leaves applied for many ailments.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"}
{"id": 32086, "species": {"value": 3263, "label": "Quercus gambelii Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root bark used as a 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22"}
{"id": 32671, "species": {"value": 3304, "label": "Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used as a life medicine.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 22"}
{"id": 38925, "species": {"value": 3831, "label": "Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) S. Tomb"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used for almost every ailment.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 22"}
{"id": 12940, "species": {"value": 1369, "label": "Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "220", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Compound containing root used as a universal remedy for all sicknesses.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 220"}
{"id": 8299, "species": {"value": 763, "label": "Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch"}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "224", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark taken for 'simple sicknesses.'", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 224"}
{"id": 33527, "species": {"value": 3371, "label": "Ribes hudsonianum Richards."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "227", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Roots used for any kind of sickness.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"}
{"id": 13945, "species": {"value": 1494, "label": "Eriogonum alatum Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of root used as an important 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"}
{"id": 13972, "species": {"value": 1497, "label": "Eriogonum annuum Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used as a 'life medicine,' 'the boss of all medicines.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"}
{"id": 14061, "species": {"value": 1514, "label": "Eriogonum jamesii Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root used as a 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"}
{"id": 14075, "species": {"value": 1516, "label": "Eriogonum leptophyllum (Torr. & Gray) Woot. & Standl."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of whole plant used as a 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"}
{"id": 21994, "species": {"value": 2376, "label": "Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant taken and poultice of plant applied as a cure all.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 23"}
{"id": 4337, "species": {"value": 332, "label": "Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 8, "label": "r28"}, "pageno": "231", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"}
{"id": 4619, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 8, "label": "r28"}, "pageno": "231", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"}
{"id": 29165, "species": {"value": 3093, "label": "Populus alba L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 8, "label": "r28"}, "pageno": "231", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"}
{"id": 29223, "species": {"value": 3095, "label": "Populus balsamifera L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 8, "label": "r28"}, "pageno": "231", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"}
{"id": 37044, "species": {"value": 3572, "label": "Sanguinaria canadensis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 8, "label": "r28"}, "pageno": "231", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded plants used as a wash for general illnesses.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"}
{"id": 37319, "species": {"value": 3591, "label": "Saururus cernuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 8, "label": "r28"}, "pageno": "231", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"}
{"id": 15257, "species": {"value": 1659, "label": "Fraxinus nigra Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "233", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Inner bark of trunk considered a remedy for any internal ailments.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 233"}
{"id": 10273, "species": {"value": 1021, "label": "Clematis viorna L."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root used to make a drink taken for 'any kind of common sickness.'", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 239"}
{"id": 1256, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Grated rootstocks used as an ingredient in a many herb remedy for various ailments.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"}
{"id": 28969, "species": {"value": 3071, "label": "Polygonum ramosissimum Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used as a 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"}
{"id": 35306, "species": {"value": 3485, "label": "Rumex crispus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root used as a 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"}
{"id": 35478, "species": {"value": 3493, "label": "Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root used as a 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"}
{"id": 17038, "species": {"value": 1865, "label": "Heuchera americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "246", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Compound containing root used as a 'healer.'", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 246"}
{"id": 24975, "species": {"value": 2696, "label": "Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "249", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Used as a 'good medicine for everything.'", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 249"}
{"id": 19347, "species": {"value": 2080, "label": "Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A.D.J. Meeuse & Smit"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of plant used as 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25"}
{"id": 31887, "species": {"value": 3253, "label": "Quercus alba L."}, "tribe": {"value": 63, "label": "Delaware, Oklahoma"}, "source": {"value": 22, "label": "t42"}, "pageno": "25, 78", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Bark used in many medicinal compounds.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 78"}
{"id": 23500, "species": {"value": 2532, "label": "Morus rubra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "251", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root bark used as a medicine for any sickness.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 251"}
{"id": 8718, "species": {"value": 819, "label": "Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "252", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of branches taken for general illness.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"}
{"id": 3595, "species": {"value": 269, "label": "Angelica tomentosa S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 282, "label": "Yana"}, "source": {"value": 181, "label": "ss43"}, "pageno": "253", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots taken for colds, diarrhea, headaches and other ailments.", "rawsource": "Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 253"}
{"id": 11381, "species": {"value": 1123, "label": "Crataegus douglasii Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "258", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Fruit considered a good health food for general sickness.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"}
{"id": 2002, "species": {"value": 128, "label": "Alisma plantago-aquatica L."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Powdered stem base and many other herbs used for various ailments.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"}
{"id": 4717, "species": {"value": 354, "label": "Arenaria fendleri Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root used, only in the summer, as a 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"}
{"id": 6786, "species": {"value": 533, "label": "Baccharis pilularis DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant used as a general remedy.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26"}
{"id": 25089, "species": {"value": 2700, "label": "Osmunda cinnamomea L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "261", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction taken for malaise.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 261"}
{"id": 14528, "species": {"value": 1580, "label": "Eupatorium perfoliatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 149, "label": "Mohegan"}, "source": {"value": 110, "label": "tan28"}, "pageno": "265", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion taken for many ailments and general illness.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265"}
{"id": 28212, "species": {"value": 2977, "label": "Pinus strobus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "265", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Leaves burned in spring and fall, smoke used to fill the house and prevent all sickness.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 265"}
{"id": 9109, "species": {"value": 860, "label": "Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach"}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "266", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of branch tips taken for general illness.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"}
{"id": 22244, "species": {"value": 2391, "label": "Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "268", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Bark used for any illness and considered a complete medicine, all in itself.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"}
{"id": 14195, "species": {"value": 1537, "label": "Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny"}, "tribe": {"value": 73, "label": "Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut"}, "source": {"value": 187, "label": "o57"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Raw stems eaten to restore good health to persons in generally poor health.", "rawsource": "Oswalt, W. H., 1957, A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36, page 27"}
{"id": 23555, "species": {"value": 2553, "label": "Myosurus apetalus var. borealis Whittemore"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Plant used as 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27"}
{"id": 37982, "species": {"value": 3676, "label": "Silene drummondii var. drummondii"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Root used as a 'life medicine.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27"}
{"id": 25357, "species": {"value": 2733, "label": "Panax quinquefolius L."}, "tribe": {"value": 63, "label": "Delaware, Oklahoma"}, "source": {"value": 22, "label": "t42"}, "pageno": "27, 76", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Infusion of root used in any severe illness as a cure when others have failed.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 27, 76"}