{"id": 39473, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Extremely strong & resilient wood used for implements requiring strength; wedges & mat pressers.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"}
{"id": 39474, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Extremely strong and resilient wood used to make sticks for prying open mussels and chitons.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"}
{"id": 40022, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Long, dried kindling tied with cedar bark & used as torch to burn out excess wood in making a canoe. There is a story about Deer and the Chickadees in which Deer was using such a bundle of cedar pieces while making a canoe.  He became so absorbed in watching the dancing of the Chickadees that he burned right through the bottom of the canoe.  Turner's informant Alice Paul pointed out that a deer is still like that--when he sees anything moving, he stares at it.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"}
{"id": 6367, "species": {"value": 448, "label": "Asclepias verticillata L."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 72, "label": "f96"}, "pageno": "18", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used as a planting stick.", "rawsource": "Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 18"}
{"id": 8972, "species": {"value": 843, "label": "Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 82, "label": "c74"}, "pageno": "298", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make implements.", "rawsource": "Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 298"}
{"id": 14802, "species": {"value": 1626, "label": "Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 82, "label": "c74"}, "pageno": "319", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used for digging stick.", "rawsource": "Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 319"}
{"id": 14803, "species": {"value": 1626, "label": "Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "87", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used for digging sticks.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 87"}
{"id": 18635, "species": {"value": 2058, "label": "Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 82, "label": "c74"}, "pageno": "330", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used as a rake for clearing brush from the fields.", "rawsource": "Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 330"}
{"id": 19422, "species": {"value": 2090, "label": "Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "93", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used as pottery scrapers.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 93"}
{"id": 21884, "species": {"value": 2372, "label": "Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "76", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make various tools.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 76"}
{"id": 27955, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used to make ladders.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63"}
{"id": 28075, "species": {"value": 2970, "label": "Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 82, "label": "c74"}, "pageno": "348", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make kiva ladders.", "rawsource": "Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 348"}
{"id": 29552, "species": {"value": 3105, "label": "Populus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 82, "label": "c74"}, "pageno": "346", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make fire spindle and sometimes the hearth.", "rawsource": "Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 346"}
{"id": 30529, "species": {"value": 3173, "label": "Prunus persica (L.) Batsch"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "79", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make weaving batons.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 79"}
{"id": 37148, "species": {"value": 3586, "label": "Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "74", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Strong wood used for rabbit sticks, planting sticks, lease rods and clothes hooks.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74"}
{"id": 37149, "species": {"value": 3586, "label": "Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 126, "label": "vest40"}, "pageno": "162", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used to make planting sticks and poorer boomerangs.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162"}
{"id": 37150, "species": {"value": 3586, "label": "Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 126, "label": "vest40"}, "pageno": "162", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used to make planting sticks and poorer boomerangs.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162"}
{"id": 37151, "species": {"value": 3586, "label": "Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 82, "label": "c74"}, "pageno": "358", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used for planting and lease rods.", "rawsource": "Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 358"}
{"id": 15323, "species": {"value": 1662, "label": "Fraxinus velutina Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 97, "label": "Hualapai"}, "source": {"value": 127, "label": "w82"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood made into long prongs used to pick from saguaro cacti and pinyon pine trees.", "rawsource": "Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 25"}
{"id": 15324, "species": {"value": 1662, "label": "Fraxinus velutina Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 97, "label": "Hualapai"}, "source": {"value": 127, "label": "w82"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make a sharp tool for gathering mescal agave.", "rawsource": "Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 25"}
{"id": 10933, "species": {"value": 1097, "label": "Cornus obliqua Raf."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 59, "label": "r45ii"}, "pageno": "54", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Branches used to stretch rat skins while drying.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 54"}
{"id": 36923, "species": {"value": 3570, "label": "Sambucus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 116, "label": "r45i"}, "pageno": "99", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Stems made into the shuttle used for weaving.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 99"}
{"id": 32077, "species": {"value": 3263, "label": "Quercus gambelii Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 101, "label": "Isleta"}, "source": {"value": 76, "label": "j31"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make handles and other wooden portions of various implements.", "rawsource": "Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41"}
{"id": 33145, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 102, "label": "Jemez"}, "source": {"value": 28, "label": "c30"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Branches used to make hoe handles.", "rawsource": "Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"}
{"id": 2515, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "16", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Water soaked stems used for lashing in the sweat house.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"}
{"id": 4199, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Leaves used to test the temperature of pitch used in canoe construction. The pitch was ready to use when the leaf turned black.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"}
{"id": 8973, "species": {"value": 843, "label": "Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "384", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Hard wood used to make digging sticks.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384"}
{"id": 31278, "species": {"value": 3201, "label": "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "379", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make the hook for climbing sugar pine trees.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"}
{"id": 36059, "species": {"value": 3547, "label": "Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "381", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Roots used to make the fire drill.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"}
{"id": 36097, "species": {"value": 3550, "label": "Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "381", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Roots used as a fire drill.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"}
{"id": 36098, "species": {"value": 3550, "label": "Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "381", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Whole plant beaten with a stick to make the wind blow on hot days.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381"}
{"id": 39488, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "379", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Bark used as the handle for stone knives.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"}
{"id": 39489, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "57", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make various tools.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"}
{"id": 43381, "species": {"value": 4172, "label": "Vitis californica Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Stems used for lashings.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62"}
{"id": 5646, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Bitter wood used as a head scratcher by menstruating women. Any other kind of wood would cause the hair to fall out and the face to wrinkle.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13"}
{"id": 5647, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Tarlike lac gathered into a ball, softened in fire and shaped into awl and knife handles.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13"}
{"id": 5648, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used as preferred material for foreshaft of composite drill for the fire making.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13"}
{"id": 12867, "species": {"value": 1353, "label": "Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Spines used as awls in the making of coiled basketry.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27"}
{"id": 13122, "species": {"value": 1401, "label": "Ephedra californica S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing. The charcoal was mashed, a little water added and a design made with it on the skin.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27"}
{"id": 13138, "species": {"value": 1403, "label": "Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27"}
{"id": 13191, "species": {"value": 1407, "label": "Ephedra viridis Coville"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27"}
{"id": 14012, "species": {"value": 1507, "label": "Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium (Benth.) Torr. & Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to pierce ears.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29"}
{"id": 15230, "species": {"value": 1658, "label": "Fraxinus latifolia Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Peeled pole, ten or more feet in length, used to knock down pinyon cones.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32"}
{"id": 17397, "species": {"value": 1908, "label": "Hordeum jubatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "34", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used to rub the skin off yucca stalks.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 34"}
{"id": 19594, "species": {"value": 2101, "label": "Larrea tridentata (Sess\u201a & Moc. ex DC.) Coville"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "36", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Gumlike substance gathered into a ball, softened in fire and shaped into awl and knife handles.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36"}
{"id": 19595, "species": {"value": 2101, "label": "Larrea tridentata (Sess\u201a & Moc. ex DC.) Coville"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "36", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make a pointed digging stick.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36"}
{"id": 23536, "species": {"value": 2543, "label": "Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "42", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Stems used in pierced ears to keep the hole from growing together.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 42"}
{"id": 26590, "species": {"value": 2901, "label": "Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Stem split and the sharp edge used at birth to cut the navel cord.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49"}
{"id": 26591, "species": {"value": 2901, "label": "Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Straight, rigid, hollow, bamboolike stems used in the making of fire drills.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49"}
{"id": 30429, "species": {"value": 3167, "label": "Prunus fasciculata (Torr.) Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used as a drill in fire making.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 55"}
{"id": 30903, "species": {"value": 3182, "label": "Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "54", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Straight stems used to make gun cleaners.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 54"}
{"id": 35699, "species": {"value": 3521, "label": "Salix bonplandiana Kunth"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used to make long needles for sewing tule into mats.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61"}
{"id": 35804, "species": {"value": 3527, "label": "Salix exigua Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used to make long needles for sewing tule into mats.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61"}
{"id": 39639, "species": {"value": 3913, "label": "Tetradymia axillaris A. Nels."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Spines used as tattooing needles.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39671, "species": {"value": 3916, "label": "Tetradymia stenolepis Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Spines used as tattooing needles.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 8948, "species": {"value": 842, "label": "Cercocarpus montanus Raf."}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Dried sticks used as spindles for fire by friction.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"}
{"id": 8949, "species": {"value": 842, "label": "Cercocarpus montanus Raf."}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood made into small tools.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"}
{"id": 24616, "species": {"value": 2653, "label": "Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck"}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Thorns used for needles.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56"}
{"id": 24700, "species": {"value": 2662, "label": "Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata"}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Thorns used as sewing needles and for tattooing.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55"}
{"id": 32340, "species": {"value": 3284, "label": "Quercus pungens Liebm."}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Twigs used to tie warp of rugs to beam while weaving.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64"}
{"id": 32341, "species": {"value": 3284, "label": "Quercus pungens Liebm."}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used for tool handles.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64"}
{"id": 44122, "species": {"value": 4230, "label": "Yucca glauca Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "76", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Flower stalks used as spindles to start fire by friction.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76"}
{"id": 9102, "species": {"value": 860, "label": "Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach"}, "tribe": {"value": 112, "label": "Kitasoo"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "313", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make adze handles.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"}
{"id": 5657, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Dead stems used as twirling sticks.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105"}
{"id": 8903, "species": {"value": 841, "label": "Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "98", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used as a root digger or Camas stick.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98"}
{"id": 8904, "species": {"value": 841, "label": "Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "98", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make root diggers or camas sticks.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98"}
{"id": 27107, "species": {"value": 2935, "label": "Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P."}, "tribe": {"value": 118, "label": "Koyukon"}, "source": {"value": 158, "label": "n83"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make drying racks.", "rawsource": "Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49"}
{"id": 11068, "species": {"value": 1102, "label": "Cornus sericea ssp. sericea"}, "tribe": {"value": 120, "label": "Kutenai"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make pelt stretchers.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21"}
{"id": 40051, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 148, "label": "b66"}, "pageno": "8", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used for making implements.", "rawsource": "Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 8"}
{"id": 17318, "species": {"value": 1904, "label": "Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "288", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make digging sticks.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"}
{"id": 27432, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "296", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make cedar bark peelers, digging sticks and board bending tools.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"}
{"id": 39058, "species": {"value": 3849, "label": "Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake"}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "280", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Branch tips ignited and used for cauterizing.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"}
{"id": 39499, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "271", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Trees used to measure strength. Men who could twist a yew tree from crown to butt were considered very strong.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"}
{"id": 39500, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "285", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used to make curved digging sticks for prying wild clover roots.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285"}
{"id": 39501, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "267", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used as a barklifter to peel red cedar bark off the trees.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 267"}
{"id": 39502, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "271", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make fire tongs.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"}
{"id": 27495, "species": {"value": 2954, "label": "Pinus contorta var. contorta"}, "tribe": {"value": 123, "label": "Kwakwaka'wakw"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "70", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make implements.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 70"}
{"id": 6779, "species": {"value": 531, "label": "Baccharis douglasii DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 128, "label": "Luiseno"}, "source": {"value": 24, "label": "s08"}, "pageno": "209", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used for drilling fires. A small hole was made in a flat, extremely dry stick.  The drill, a short piece of wood, was inserted into the hole and twirled to form the dust which would ignite if conditions were dry and favorable.  No tinder was used.", "rawsource": "Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 209"}
{"id": 33171, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 128, "label": "Luiseno"}, "source": {"value": 24, "label": "s08"}, "pageno": "231", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Twigs made into a seed-fan and used to beat the seeds off plants.", "rawsource": "Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231"}
{"id": 26381, "species": {"value": 2875, "label": "Philadelphus lewisii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 129, "label": "Lummi"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "31", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used for netting shuttles and knitting needles.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 31"}
{"id": 25129, "species": {"value": 2705, "label": "Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch"}, "tribe": {"value": 134, "label": "Malecite"}, "source": {"value": 78, "label": "sd52"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used to make utensil handles.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"}
{"id": 1614, "species": {"value": 73, "label": "Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "366", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used as twirling sticks for making fire by friction.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"}
{"id": 4206, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make saw handles and other tools.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 8979, "species": {"value": 843, "label": "Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "354", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood formerly used to make tools for digging Indian potatoes and worms out of the ground.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354"}
{"id": 15231, "species": {"value": 1658, "label": "Fraxinus latifolia Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "378", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make handles and small tools.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378"}
{"id": 1659, "species": {"value": 79, "label": "Aesculus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 140, "label": "Mewuk"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "325", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make the fire drill.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 325"}
{"id": 8634, "species": {"value": 808, "label": "Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 140, "label": "Mewuk"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "328", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"}
{"id": 8662, "species": {"value": 813, "label": "Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn."}, "tribe": {"value": 140, "label": "Mewuk"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "328", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"}
{"id": 32211, "species": {"value": 3270, "label": "Quercus kelloggii Newberry"}, "tribe": {"value": 140, "label": "Mewuk"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "328", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Shoots split into strands and used for twining the rods of baskets and scoops.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"}
{"id": 15211, "species": {"value": 1655, "label": "Fraxinus americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 141, "label": "Micmac"}, "source": {"value": 182, "label": "sd51"}, "pageno": "258", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used to make axe and knife handles.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"}
{"id": 8635, "species": {"value": 808, "label": "Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 145, "label": "Modesse"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "223", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood made into the slender needle used in piercing the ear lobe of young girls.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"}
{"id": 8982, "species": {"value": 843, "label": "Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin"}, "tribe": {"value": 145, "label": "Modesse"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "223", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used for digging sticks.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"}
{"id": 32875, "species": {"value": 3344, "label": "Rhus aromatica Ait."}, "tribe": {"value": 145, "label": "Modesse"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "223", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood made into the large plug used to keep the pierced ear lobe open on young girls.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"}
{"id": 5662, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "7", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Dead twigs used for a twirling stick in fire making.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"}
{"id": 6226, "species": {"value": 442, "label": "Asclepias speciosa Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "7", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "'Milk' from the broken stems used in cases of emergency for branding stock temporarily.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"}
{"id": 8906, "species": {"value": 841, "label": "Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "9", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Hard, enduring wood used for making 'camas sticks.'", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9"}
{"id": 11394, "species": {"value": 1124, "label": "Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "11", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used for making 'camas sticks' for digging these and other roots.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"}
{"id": 27981, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "18", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Twigs used for twirling sticks in fire production.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18"}
{"id": 36223, "species": {"value": 3551, "label": "Salix sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make scrapers for removing hair from hides.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"}
{"id": 36563, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used as a twirling stick in fire making.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23"}