{"id": 2, "species": {"value": 1, "label": "Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes"}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "197", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark taken for stomach ailments.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"}
{"id": 10, "species": {"value": 1, "label": "Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes"}, "tribe": {"value": 88, "label": "Hanaksiala"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "173", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark taken for stomach ulcers.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"}
{"id": 88, "species": {"value": 2, "label": "Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 141, "label": "Micmac"}, "source": {"value": 35, "label": "cfh79"}, "pageno": "53", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Cones used for colic.", "rawsource": "Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"}
{"id": 131, "species": {"value": 4, "label": "Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "34", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Taken 'to loosen bowels and cleanse and heal internal ulcers.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"}
{"id": 140, "species": {"value": 5, "label": "Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of root bark or stem taken every day for stomach trouble.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"}
{"id": 141, "species": {"value": 5, "label": "Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "197", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark taken for stomach ailments.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"}
{"id": 175, "species": {"value": 5, "label": "Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark taken for 'bad stomachs' with loss of appetite and loss of weight.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"}
{"id": 176, "species": {"value": 5, "label": "Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Pitch taken for ulcers.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"}
{"id": 286, "species": {"value": 6, "label": "Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark taken for 'bad stomachs' with loss of appetite and loss of weight.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"}
{"id": 287, "species": {"value": 6, "label": "Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Pitch taken for ulcers.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"}
{"id": 343, "species": {"value": 8, "label": "Abies sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "462", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of shoots and bark taken for stomach trouble.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"}
{"id": 354, "species": {"value": 10, "label": "Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Plant taken to 'remove the effects of swallowing a spider.'", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46"}
{"id": 359, "species": {"value": 10, "label": "Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Plant used for stomach cramps.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21"}
{"id": 363, "species": {"value": 10, "label": "Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 272, "label": "Ute"}, "source": {"value": 142, "label": "c09"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Roots and flowers used for stomach and bowel troubles.", "rawsource": "Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32"}
{"id": 364, "species": {"value": 10, "label": "Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 291, "label": "Zuni"}, "source": {"value": 157, "label": "cb80"}, "pageno": "377", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Fresh flowers eaten for stomachaches.", "rawsource": "Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 377"}
{"id": 371, "species": {"value": 14, "label": "Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet"}, "tribe": {"value": 90, "label": "Hawaiian"}, "source": {"value": 68, "label": "a22"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Dried flowers eaten for gripping stomachaches.", "rawsource": "Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 69"}
{"id": 372, "species": {"value": 14, "label": "Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet"}, "tribe": {"value": 90, "label": "Hawaiian"}, "source": {"value": 68, "label": "a22"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Flowers, root bark and other plants pounded, resulting liquid heated and taken for stomachaches.", "rawsource": "Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 69"}
{"id": 715, "species": {"value": 37, "label": "Acer spicatum Lam."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 116, "label": "r45i"}, "pageno": "94", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Plant used for intestinal diseases.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 94"}
{"id": 760, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Used for bowel complaints.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"}
{"id": 787, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 53, "label": "Cowlitz"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots taken for stomach troubles.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"}
{"id": 811, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 79, "label": "Gosiute"}, "source": {"value": 38, "label": "c11"}, "pageno": "360", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant used for biliousness.", "rawsource": "Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360"}
{"id": 816, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for the stomach.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"}
{"id": 833, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 59, "label": "r45ii"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant fragments taken for digestive cramps.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 64"}
{"id": 834, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "470", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Plant used for 'summer complaint' and decoction of plants taken for cramps.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"}
{"id": 878, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "391", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for stomachaches.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"}
{"id": 896, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 149, "label": "Mohegan"}, "source": {"value": 110, "label": "tan28"}, "pageno": "266", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Cold, compound infusion taken for the stomach.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266"}
{"id": 897, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 149, "label": "Mohegan"}, "source": {"value": 97, "label": "t72"}, "pageno": "75, 128", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Compound infusion of leaves taken as a stomach aid and to improve the appetite.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 128"}
{"id": 914, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "74", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of roots taken for stomachaches.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"}
{"id": 956, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 251, "label": "Squaxin"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots taken for stomach troubles.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"}
{"id": 972, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "166", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for bad stomach cramps.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"}
{"id": 995, "species": {"value": 40, "label": "Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw."}, "tribe": {"value": 5, "label": "Aleut"}, "source": {"value": 130, "label": "bt53"}, "pageno": "426", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains and throat pains.", "rawsource": "Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"}
{"id": 1001, "species": {"value": 40, "label": "Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant taken for stomach aches.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"}
{"id": 1054, "species": {"value": 42, "label": "Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "31-33", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of root taken for gas pains.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"}
{"id": 1085, "species": {"value": 42, "label": "Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 232, "label": "Shoshoni"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "31-33", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of flowers taken for stomachaches or indigestion.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"}
{"id": 1086, "species": {"value": 42, "label": "Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 232, "label": "Shoshoni"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "31-33", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves taken for colic or dyspepsia.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"}
{"id": 1101, "species": {"value": 44, "label": "Achillea sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 140, "label": "Mewuk"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "366", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves used for stomach distress.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 366"}
{"id": 1179, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied for cramps.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"}
{"id": 1193, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "28", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "'Possesses stimulant and stomachic virtues' and used for 'gravel.'", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"}
{"id": 1204, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 13, "label": "g05"}, "pageno": "42", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of root taken for bowel pain.", "rawsource": "Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 42"}
{"id": 1228, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 54, "label": "Cree"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Rootstock ground, mixed with water and taken for an upset stomach.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"}
{"id": 1250, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Grated rootstocks in water taken for stomachaches.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"}
{"id": 1251, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Rootstocks used for upset stomachs.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"}
{"id": 1271, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "69, 70", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded rootstock taken for colic.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"}
{"id": 1279, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 62, "label": "Delaware"}, "source": {"value": 97, "label": "t72"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Roots used with sassafras roots for intestinal pains.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 37"}
{"id": 1292, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 59, "label": "r45ii"}, "pageno": "70", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Powdered roots and cold water taken when feeling bad after eating meals.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 70"}
{"id": 1316, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "22, 23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Root used for stomach cramps.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 22, 23"}
{"id": 1321, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "202", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of root taken for 'a cramp expected in the stomach.'", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 202"}
{"id": 1338, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 154, "label": "Nanticoke"}, "source": {"value": 22, "label": "t42"}, "pageno": "55, 84", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Root used as colic medicine.", "rawsource": "Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 55, 84"}
{"id": 1343, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "355", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Root used for stomach cramps.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355"}
{"id": 1356, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "69, 70", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded rootstock taken for colic.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"}
{"id": 1357, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 124, "label": "ff11"}, "pageno": "584", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Root chewed for stomach disorders.", "rawsource": "Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"}
{"id": 1368, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "69, 70", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded rootstock taken for colic.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"}
{"id": 1376, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "69, 70", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded rootstock taken for colic.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"}
{"id": 1381, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 211, "label": "Rappahannock"}, "source": {"value": 102, "label": "shc42"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Chewed plant juice taken by older people for the stomach.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 29"}
{"id": 1382, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 211, "label": "Rappahannock"}, "source": {"value": 102, "label": "shc42"}, "pageno": "30", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion given to children and babies for pains and stomach cramps.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 30"}
{"id": 1395, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 280, "label": "Winnebago"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "69, 70", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded rootstock taken for colic.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"}
{"id": 1458, "species": {"value": 61, "label": "Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "382", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Root eaten by men for stomach troubles.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382"}
{"id": 1461, "species": {"value": 61, "label": "Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 174, "label": "Ojibwa, South"}, "source": {"value": 56, "label": "h91"}, "pageno": "201", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of root taken for stomach pain caused by having 'swallowed hair.'", "rawsource": "Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"}
{"id": 1506, "species": {"value": 67, "label": "Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "30", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of dried leaves taken for stomach ailments by inducing bowel movements or vomiting.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"}
{"id": 1507, "species": {"value": 67, "label": "Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "30", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make a beverage for ulcers.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30"}
{"id": 1521, "species": {"value": 67, "label": "Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 42, "label": "Coahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 168, "label": "b67"}, "pageno": "77, 78", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of twigs taken for stomach and intestinal pain.", "rawsource": "Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 77, 78"}
{"id": 1525, "species": {"value": 67, "label": "Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 65, "label": "Diegueno"}, "source": {"value": 122, "label": "h75"}, "pageno": "217", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant taken for colic.", "rawsource": "Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 217"}
{"id": 1532, "species": {"value": 68, "label": "Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris"}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "14", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed for sore chest and stomach troubles.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"}
{"id": 1544, "species": {"value": 70, "label": "Adiantum jordanii C. Muell."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "4", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used for stomach troubles.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 4"}
{"id": 1561, "species": {"value": 71, "label": "Adiantum pedatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used for stomach troubles.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 5"}
{"id": 1586, "species": {"value": 71, "label": "Adiantum pedatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "217", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Fronds chewed or eaten for 'weak stomach.'", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 217"}
{"id": 1646, "species": {"value": 78, "label": "Aesculus pavia L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 115, "label": "t40"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of roots taken and used as a bath for dyspepsia.", "rawsource": "Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"}
{"id": 1647, "species": {"value": 78, "label": "Aesculus pavia L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Nuts used in various ways for dyspepsia and colic.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"}
{"id": 1724, "species": {"value": 88, "label": "Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of leaves used for indigestion and stomach pains.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 33"}
{"id": 1921, "species": {"value": 109, "label": "Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of pulverized root taken for bowels.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"}
{"id": 1938, "species": {"value": 110, "label": "Agrimonia parviflora Ait."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of pulverized root taken for bowels.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"}
{"id": 1971, "species": {"value": 126, "label": "Aletris farinosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 30, "label": "Catawba"}, "source": {"value": 115, "label": "t40"}, "pageno": "7", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of leaves taken for colic and stomach disorders.", "rawsource": "Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 7"}
{"id": 1972, "species": {"value": 126, "label": "Aletris farinosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 30, "label": "Catawba"}, "source": {"value": 75, "label": "s37"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves taken for colic and stomach disorders.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188"}
{"id": 1984, "species": {"value": 126, "label": "Aletris farinosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 141, "label": "Micmac"}, "source": {"value": 35, "label": "cfh79"}, "pageno": "54", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Root used as a stomachic.", "rawsource": "Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54"}
{"id": 1989, "species": {"value": 127, "label": "Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 90, "label": "Hawaiian"}, "source": {"value": 68, "label": "a22"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Flowers & other plants pounded & resulting liquid given to infants for stomach or bowel disorders.", "rawsource": "Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 56"}
{"id": 1997, "species": {"value": 128, "label": "Alisma plantago-aquatica L."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Dried stem base eaten or grated and taken in water for heart 'troubles,' including heart burn.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"}
{"id": 1998, "species": {"value": 128, "label": "Alisma plantago-aquatica L."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Stem base taken for stomachaches, cramps and stomach flu.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"}
{"id": 2011, "species": {"value": 129, "label": "Alisma subcordatum Raf."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Root used for bowel complaints, sores, wounds and bruises.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"}
{"id": 2108, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion taken for colic.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"}
{"id": 2370, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "358", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of root taken as astringent and coagulant after bloody stools.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358"}
{"id": 2393, "species": {"value": 169, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen"}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 115, "label": "t40"}, "pageno": "14", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark taken to induce vomiting when unable to retain food.", "rawsource": "Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"}
{"id": 2470, "species": {"value": 171, "label": "Alnus rhombifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "332", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of dried bark taken for stomachaches.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 332"}
{"id": 2484, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 28, "label": "Carrier, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of ground inner bark injected for biliousness.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"}
{"id": 2487, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 41, "label": "Clallam"}, "source": {"value": 99, "label": "f80"}, "pageno": "198", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Pistillate aments chewed and used for the stomach.", "rawsource": "Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198"}
{"id": 2582, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 253, "label": "Swinomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark taken for stomach troubles.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"}
{"id": 2606, "species": {"value": 173, "label": "Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Compound used in steam bath for indigestion, biliousness and jaundice.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"}
{"id": 2642, "species": {"value": 174, "label": "Alnus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 192, "label": "Penobscot"}, "source": {"value": 103, "label": "s17"}, "pageno": "309", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark taken for cramps and retching.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"}
{"id": 2764, "species": {"value": 190, "label": "Amaranthus hybridus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant used for the stomach.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"}
{"id": 2807, "species": {"value": 193, "label": "Amaranthus retroflexus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant used for the stomach.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"}
{"id": 2872, "species": {"value": 201, "label": "Ambrosia psilostachya DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 39, "label": "g72"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of ground leaves and stems taken for bowel cramps.", "rawsource": "Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"}
{"id": 2873, "species": {"value": 201, "label": "Ambrosia psilostachya DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 13, "label": "g05"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and stem taken for bowel cramps.", "rawsource": "Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 39"}
{"id": 2874, "species": {"value": 201, "label": "Ambrosia psilostachya DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 39, "label": "g72"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and stems taken for bowel pains and bloody stools.", "rawsource": "Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"}
{"id": 2878, "species": {"value": 201, "label": "Ambrosia psilostachya DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 65, "label": "Diegueno"}, "source": {"value": 122, "label": "h75"}, "pageno": "219", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains.", "rawsource": "Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 219"}
{"id": 2905, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Berry juice taken for an upset stomach.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"}
{"id": 3033, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "462", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark taken for stomach troubles.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"}
{"id": 3188, "species": {"value": 221, "label": "Amorpha canescens Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 174, "label": "Ojibwa, South"}, "source": {"value": 56, "label": "h91"}, "pageno": "200", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of root taken for stomach pain.", "rawsource": "Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200"}
{"id": 3213, "species": {"value": 227, "label": "Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "365", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Compound decoction of plants taken for a bad stomach caused by consumption.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 365"}
{"id": 3261, "species": {"value": 236, "label": "Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "465", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Compound decoction of roots and flowers taken for bruise on back of stomach.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 465"}
{"id": 3272, "species": {"value": 236, "label": "Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "75", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Cooled infusion of roots and shoots taken as a laxative and emetic for a 'poison stomach.'", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"}
{"id": 3288, "species": {"value": 239, "label": "Andropogon floridanus Scribn."}, "tribe": {"value": 228, "label": "Seminole"}, "source": {"value": 88, "label": "s54"}, "pageno": "227", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant taken for wolf sickness: vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea and frequent urination.", "rawsource": "Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 227"}