{"id": 30, "species": {"value": 2, "label": "Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 1, "label": "Abnaki"}, "source": {"value": 84, "label": "r47"}, "pageno": "155", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Used as an antiseptic.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"}
{"id": 804, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Herb used as a disinfectant.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"}
{"id": 850, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 120, "label": "Kutenai"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Herb used as a disinfectant.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"}
{"id": 1490, "species": {"value": 66, "label": "Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves and branches used to bathe infected, sore or swollen areas of the body.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"}
{"id": 1705, "species": {"value": 86, "label": "Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used as fumigant for 'deer infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"}
{"id": 1899, "species": {"value": 102, "label": "Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for 'deer infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"}
{"id": 2096, "species": {"value": 140, "label": "Allium cepa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 231, "label": "Shinnecock"}, "source": {"value": 62, "label": "cw45"}, "pageno": "120", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Used to destroy germs because of a volatile oil in roots.", "rawsource": "Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"}
{"id": 2847, "species": {"value": 198, "label": "Ambrosia artemisiifolia L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Juice of wilted leaves applied to infected toes.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"}
{"id": 2892, "species": {"value": 203, "label": "Ambrosia trifida L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Juice of wilted leaves applied to infected toes.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"}
{"id": 3104, "species": {"value": 210, "label": "Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "366", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Compound decoction of inner bark used as a disinfectant wash.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366"}
{"id": 3248, "species": {"value": 236, "label": "Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 13, "label": "g05"}, "pageno": "42", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Smoke used to purify gift made to the spirits.", "rawsource": "Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 42"}
{"id": 3375, "species": {"value": 255, "label": "Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "8", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Dried, powdered plant applied as a disinfectant to wounds.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 8"}
{"id": 3380, "species": {"value": 255, "label": "Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn."}, "tribe": {"value": 101, "label": "Isleta"}, "source": {"value": 76, "label": "j31"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves used as a disinfectant on open wounds.", "rawsource": "Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22"}
{"id": 3392, "species": {"value": 255, "label": "Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn."}, "tribe": {"value": 131, "label": "Mahuna"}, "source": {"value": 5, "label": "r54"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Powdered plants used as a disinfectant for knife wounds.", "rawsource": "Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 15"}
{"id": 3410, "species": {"value": 255, "label": "Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn."}, "tribe": {"value": 232, "label": "Shoshoni"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "33, 34", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots used as an antiseptic wash.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 33, 34"}
{"id": 3535, "species": {"value": 265, "label": "Angelica lucida L."}, "tribe": {"value": 73, "label": "Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut"}, "source": {"value": 187, "label": "o57"}, "pageno": "31", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Burning stems shaken inside and outside the house for purification.", "rawsource": "Oswalt, W. H., 1957, A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36, page 31"}
{"id": 3886, "species": {"value": 295, "label": "Apocynum ?floribundum Greene (pro sp.) [androsaemifolium ? cannabinum]"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant placed on hot rocks and applied to patient's head for 'deer infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 39"}
{"id": 4074, "species": {"value": 318, "label": "Aralia nudicaulis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "40, 41", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Poultice of root applied to swellings and infections.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 40, 41"}
{"id": 4089, "species": {"value": 319, "label": "Aralia racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "57", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Infusion of roots and berries taken as an antiseptic.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"}
{"id": 4878, "species": {"value": 374, "label": "Aristolochia serpentaria L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Used as an antiseptic.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"}
{"id": 5021, "species": {"value": 390, "label": "Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. scouleriana (Hook.) Cronq."}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "45", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant ingredient.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 45"}
{"id": 5252, "species": {"value": 397, "label": "Artemisia frigida Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "366", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Dried leaves burned to disinfect room of contagious patient.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366"}
{"id": 5395, "species": {"value": 399, "label": "Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 140, "label": "Mewuk"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "353", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant used as a disinfectant to wash the bodies of the mourners after funerals.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 353"}
{"id": 5416, "species": {"value": 399, "label": "Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "170", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used as incense to disinfect the house.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"}
{"id": 5457, "species": {"value": 401, "label": "Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "40-42", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Branches used as a bed in a sweatbath to steam out infection of influenza.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"}
{"id": 5492, "species": {"value": 401, "label": "Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana"}, "tribe": {"value": 232, "label": "Shoshoni"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "40-42", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant tops taken for severe infections.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"}
{"id": 5515, "species": {"value": 404, "label": "Artemisia sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "134135", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used as a wash for purification.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"}
{"id": 5547, "species": {"value": 404, "label": "Artemisia sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "134135", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used as a wash for purification.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"}
{"id": 5553, "species": {"value": 404, "label": "Artemisia sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "134135", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used as a wash for purification.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"}
{"id": 5558, "species": {"value": 404, "label": "Artemisia sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "134135", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used as a wash for purification.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"}
{"id": 5566, "species": {"value": 404, "label": "Artemisia sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 280, "label": "Winnebago"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "134135", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used as a wash for purification.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"}
{"id": 5572, "species": {"value": 406, "label": "Artemisia tilesii Ledeb."}, "tribe": {"value": 66, "label": "Eskimo"}, "source": {"value": 94, "label": "s73"}, "pageno": "326", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used as an infection inhibitor.", "rawsource": "Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 326"}
{"id": 5598, "species": {"value": 406, "label": "Artemisia tilesii Ledeb."}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Poultice of leaves applied or decoction of leaves used as a wash for infections.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17"}
{"id": 5606, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "43", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Dried leaves and stems burned, in the homes and sweathouses, as a disinfectant.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43"}
{"id": 5708, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "44-47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves used as an antiseptic wash for cuts, wounds or sores.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"}
{"id": 5771, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 232, "label": "Shoshoni"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "44-47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves used as an antiseptic wash for cuts, wounds or sores.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"}
{"id": 5772, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 232, "label": "Shoshoni"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "44-47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Warm decoction of leaves used as an antiseptic bath for newborns.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"}
{"id": 5787, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 233, "label": "Shuswap"}, "source": {"value": 92, "label": "palmer75"}, "pageno": "58", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used to fumigate the house and keep germs off.", "rawsource": "Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"}
{"id": 5814, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 276, "label": "Washo"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "44-47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Branches burned as fumigant for sickroom or for utensils used for childbirth.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"}
{"id": 5994, "species": {"value": 421, "label": "Asarum canadense L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "309", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Infusion or decoction used as hand and face wash for ghost contamination.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 309"}
{"id": 6066, "species": {"value": 422, "label": "Asarum caudatum Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 266, "label": "Tolowa"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Poultice of leaves applied for any infections.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19"}
{"id": 6540, "species": {"value": 492, "label": "Astragalus purshii Dougl. ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "504", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots taken and poured on head in sweathouse for purification.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504"}
{"id": 6776, "species": {"value": 531, "label": "Baccharis douglasii DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Dried, powdered stems applied as a disinfectant to wounds.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26"}
{"id": 6913, "species": {"value": 549, "label": "Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "50, 51", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Root burned as a fumigant in the sickroom.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 50, 51"}
{"id": 6958, "species": {"value": 549, "label": "Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 276, "label": "Washo"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "50, 51", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Root burned as a fumigant in the sickroom.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 50, 51"}
{"id": 7537, "species": {"value": 624, "label": "Brickellia brachyphylla (Gray) Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Root used with 'lizard figurine' for prenatal 'lizard infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"}
{"id": 7934, "species": {"value": 713, "label": "Campanula rotundifolia L."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used as ceremonial fumigant for deer infection.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"}
{"id": 8068, "species": {"value": 742, "label": "Carex inops ssp. heliophila (Mackenzie) Crins"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of plant used as lotion for 'eagle infections.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 19"}
{"id": 8449, "species": {"value": 777, "label": "Castilleja affinis Hook. & Arn."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used as a wash or powdered plant applied to infected sores.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 15"}
{"id": 9692, "species": {"value": 918, "label": "Chionanthus virginicus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 39, "label": "Choctaw"}, "source": {"value": 115, "label": "t40"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots used as a wash for infected sores.", "rawsource": "Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50"}
{"id": 9745, "species": {"value": 922, "label": "Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth"}, "tribe": {"value": 273, "label": "Wailaki"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "319", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Poultice of roasted bulbs used antiseptically for sores.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319"}
{"id": 9872, "species": {"value": 942, "label": "Cicuta maculata L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "398", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Handling plants caused fits and decoction used as floor wash to prevent disease.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 398"}
{"id": 10007, "species": {"value": 971, "label": "Cirsium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Pounded stalk pulp used to dry infections.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26"}
{"id": 10394, "species": {"value": 1031, "label": "Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf."}, "tribe": {"value": 7, "label": "Algonquin, Quebec"}, "source": {"value": 67, "label": "b80"}, "pageno": "138", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Poultice of leaves applied to infections.", "rawsource": "Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 138"}
{"id": 10615, "species": {"value": 1069, "label": "Conyza canadensis var. canadensis"}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Hot poultice of plant applied to infants with prenatal infection.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 47"}
{"id": 10729, "species": {"value": 1083, "label": "Coreopsis tinctoria var. tinctoria"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of dried plant taken with salt for 'lightning infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50"}
{"id": 10756, "species": {"value": 1088, "label": "Cornus alternifolia L. f."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Root bark used as an antiseptic and astringent.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"}
{"id": 10872, "species": {"value": 1093, "label": "Cornus florida L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Root bark used as an antiseptic and astringent.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"}
{"id": 11163, "species": {"value": 1107, "label": "Corydalis aurea Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used for puerperal infection.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 23"}
{"id": 11522, "species": {"value": 1147, "label": "Cryptantha cinerea var. cinerea"}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant given to newborn infant for prenatal snake or toad infection.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 40"}
{"id": 11551, "species": {"value": 1155, "label": "Cryptantha sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used for coyote infection.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 39"}
{"id": 11975, "species": {"value": 1216, "label": "Dalea candida var. candida"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Compound decoction used for 'snake infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33"}
{"id": 11976, "species": {"value": 1216, "label": "Dalea candida var. candida"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used for 'snake infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33"}
{"id": 12123, "species": {"value": 1244, "label": "Datura wrightii Regel"}, "tribe": {"value": 15, "label": "Apache, White Mountain"}, "source": {"value": 45, "label": "r29"}, "pageno": "156", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant juice or ground flowers and roots used as a disinfectant.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156"}
{"id": 12457, "species": {"value": 1290, "label": "Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used ceremonially for 'snake infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"}
{"id": 12577, "species": {"value": 1311, "label": "Diphylleia cymosa Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "59, 60", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Used as an antiseptic.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59, 60"}
{"id": 13249, "species": {"value": 1412, "label": "Epilobium canum ssp. angustifolium (Keck) Raven"}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "22", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used for infected sores.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 22"}
{"id": 13348, "species": {"value": 1422, "label": "Equisetum hyemale L."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "366", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Leaves burned as a disinfectant.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366"}
{"id": 13438, "species": {"value": 1424, "label": "Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "11", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Compound decoction of plant used for 'lightning infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"}
{"id": 13719, "species": {"value": 1466, "label": "Erigeron canus Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used for 'deer infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50"}
{"id": 13723, "species": {"value": 1468, "label": "Erigeron concinnus (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. & Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used for 'antelope infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50"}
{"id": 13731, "species": {"value": 1470, "label": "Erigeron divergens Torr. & Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion for 'lightning infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50"}
{"id": 13747, "species": {"value": 1473, "label": "Erigeron flagellaris Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "50, 51", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Cold infusion of leaves used ceremonially for 'lightning infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50, 51"}
{"id": 13866, "species": {"value": 1488, "label": "Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant combined with other herbs and used for infected sores.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 13"}
{"id": 13970, "species": {"value": 1497, "label": "Eriogonum annuum Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Cold infusion taken for 'lightning infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"}
{"id": 14031, "species": {"value": 1510, "label": "Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "505", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of whole plant used as a purifying ceremonial wash in the sweathouse.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 505"}
{"id": 14169, "species": {"value": 1533, "label": "Eriogonum umbellatum Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used as a fumigant for biliousness.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 20"}
{"id": 14221, "species": {"value": 1547, "label": "Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'H\u201ar. ex Ait."}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used for infections.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 29"}
{"id": 14414, "species": {"value": 1574, "label": "Euonymus americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Used as an antiseptic.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"}
{"id": 14476, "species": {"value": 1580, "label": "Eupatorium perfoliatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Used as a tonic, sudorific, stimulant, emetic and antiseptic.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26"}
{"id": 14808, "species": {"value": 1626, "label": "Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used for 'bear infection.'", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 39"}
{"id": 14894, "species": {"value": 1636, "label": "Fragaria vesca L."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "125", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Leaf powder applied to any open sore as a disinfectant.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125"}
{"id": 15009, "species": {"value": 1640, "label": "Fragaria virginiana Duchesne"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "125", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Leaf powder applied to any open sore as a disinfectant.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125"}
{"id": 15053, "species": {"value": 1644, "label": "Frangula californica ssp. californica"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "58", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Crushed berries applied to infected sores.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 58"}
{"id": 15109, "species": {"value": 1648, "label": "Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "115", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Infusion of spring or early summer bark used as a disinfectant for cuts, wounds and sores.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"}
{"id": 15152, "species": {"value": 1651, "label": "Frasera caroliniensis Walt."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "30", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Used as an antiseptic.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"}
{"id": 15717, "species": {"value": 1706, "label": "Gaura mollis James"}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used as a fumigant.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 33"}
{"id": 15946, "species": {"value": 1738, "label": "Geum triflorum Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "504", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of whole plant used as a wash after the purifying sweatbath.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504"}
{"id": 16178, "species": {"value": 1776, "label": "Grindelia nana Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 232, "label": "Shoshoni"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "81, 82", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used as an antiseptic wash to help heal broken bones.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 81, 82"}
{"id": 16210, "species": {"value": 1780, "label": "Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal"}, "tribe": {"value": 34, "label": "Cheyenne, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of flowering tops used to wash sores and other skin lesions.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 32"}
{"id": 16234, "species": {"value": 1780, "label": "Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal"}, "tribe": {"value": 131, "label": "Mahuna"}, "source": {"value": 5, "label": "r54"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Infusion used as a disinfectant wash.", "rawsource": "Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 15"}
{"id": 16246, "species": {"value": 1780, "label": "Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal"}, "tribe": {"value": 232, "label": "Shoshoni"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "81, 82", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant used as an antiseptic wash to help heal broken bones.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 81, 82"}
{"id": 16318, "species": {"value": 1786, "label": "Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby"}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant ingredient.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48"}
{"id": 16325, "species": {"value": 1786, "label": "Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "51", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction used ceremonially for snake infection.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"}
{"id": 16341, "species": {"value": 1786, "label": "Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby"}, "tribe": {"value": 232, "label": "Shoshoni"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "82, 83", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Compound decoction of plant used as an antiseptic wash for measles and other rashes.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 82, 83"}
{"id": 16344, "species": {"value": 1786, "label": "Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby"}, "tribe": {"value": 257, "label": "Tewa"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used on hot coals to fumigate mother and newborn child.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 56"}
{"id": 16604, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 158, "label": "Navajo, Kayenta"}, "source": {"value": 106, "label": "wh51"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Plant used for prenatal infection caused by solar eclipse.", "rawsource": "Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48"}
{"id": 16649, "species": {"value": 1824, "label": "Helianthus cusickii Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 230, "label": "Shasta"}, "source": {"value": 149, "label": "h46"}, "pageno": "340", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Root burned in the house after a death.", "rawsource": "Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 340"}
{"id": 16939, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "457", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of root used ceremonially as a wash for purification.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"}
{"id": 16940, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "504", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots taken by warriors and hunters as a purifier.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504"}