{"id": 2329, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2342, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2350, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2355, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 120, "label": "Kutenai"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2361, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "78", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and cloth or material immersed in boiling liquid as a reddish brown dye.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78"}
{"id": 2369, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 162, "label": "Nez Perce"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2399, "species": {"value": 169, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2412, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 15, "label": "Apache, White Mountain"}, "source": {"value": 45, "label": "r29"}, "pageno": "155", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to dye deerskin and other skins a reddish brown.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155"}
{"id": 2420, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used to make a red-brown dye.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"}
{"id": 2426, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2446, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "30", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to dye buckskin a reddish-brown color.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"}
{"id": 2451, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "87", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark and wood used to make red and brown dyes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"}
{"id": 2456, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 291, "label": "Zuni"}, "source": {"value": 6, "label": "s15"}, "pageno": "80", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to dye deerskin reddish-brown.", "rawsource": "Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 80"}
{"id": 2535, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 129, "label": "Lummi"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"}
{"id": 2567, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 209, "label": "Quileute"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"}
{"id": 2569, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 210, "label": "Quinault"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"}
{"id": 2572, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "79", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled to make a reddish brown dye and used to color fish nets, baskets, canoes and head rings.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79"}
{"id": 2579, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 245, "label": "Snohomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"}
{"id": 2651, "species": {"value": 176, "label": "Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill"}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a red tan dye.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"}
{"id": 2660, "species": {"value": 176, "label": "Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "87", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark and wood used to make red and brown dyes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"}
{"id": 8535, "species": {"value": 797, "label": "Castilleja sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 80, "label": "Great Basin Indian"}, "source": {"value": 139, "label": "n66"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Blossoms used to make a red-tan dye.", "rawsource": "Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50"}
{"id": 8785, "species": {"value": 822, "label": "Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson"}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Leaves and branches boiled into a dark brown or red dye for wool.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41"}
{"id": 17047, "species": {"value": 1867, "label": "Heuchera bracteata (Torr.) Ser."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Stems used to make a pinkish tan dye.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 52"}
{"id": 19145, "species": {"value": 2064, "label": "Juniperus virginiana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "371", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a mahogany colored dye for coloring cedar strips in mats.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371"}
{"id": 24922, "species": {"value": 2688, "label": "Orthocarpus luteus Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "53", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Whole, blooming plant pressed firmly into skins, horsehair and feathers as a reddish tan dye.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"}
{"id": 30986, "species": {"value": 3183, "label": "Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 80, "label": "Great Basin Indian"}, "source": {"value": 139, "label": "n66"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Inner bark used to make a red-brown dye.", "rawsource": "Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"}
{"id": 32393, "species": {"value": 3285, "label": "Quercus rubra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "120", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Rushes gathered for mat weaving and boiled with bark to impart a brownish red dye.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 120"}
{"id": 33109, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 80, "label": "Great Basin Indian"}, "source": {"value": 139, "label": "n66"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark and leaves used to make a red-brown dye.", "rawsource": "Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"}
{"id": 33110, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 80, "label": "Great Basin Indian"}, "source": {"value": 139, "label": "n66"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Berries used to make a pink-tan dye.", "rawsource": "Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"}
{"id": 35411, "species": {"value": 3487, "label": "Rumex hymenosepalus Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "51", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Dry roots crushed, placed in water and used as a brownish red dye for tanning hides.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51"}
{"id": 39779, "species": {"value": 3934, "label": "Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 72, "label": "f96"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Flowers used as a reddish brown dye for basket making yucca fibers.", "rawsource": "Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 15"}
{"id": 39780, "species": {"value": 3934, "label": "Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "98", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Used to make a fine reddish-brown basketry and textile dye.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98"}
{"id": 39794, "species": {"value": 3935, "label": "Thelesperma subnudum Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "98", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Used to make a fine reddish-brown basketry and textile dye.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98"}
{"id": 40851, "species": {"value": 4041, "label": "Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a rosy-tan dye.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"}
{"id": 40859, "species": {"value": 4041, "label": "Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "371", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a mahogany colored dye.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371"}
{"id": 40914, "species": {"value": 4041, "label": "Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "426", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used with a little rock dust to dye materials a dark red brown.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426"}
{"id": 40925, "species": {"value": 4042, "label": "Tsuga caroliniana Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a rosy-tan dye.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"}
{"id": 40948, "species": {"value": 4043, "label": "Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 41, "label": "Clallam"}, "source": {"value": 99, "label": "f80"}, "pageno": "195", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used to make a reddish-brown dye.", "rawsource": "Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"}
{"id": 40993, "species": {"value": 4043, "label": "Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark, especially from the inside of a crevice, used as a reddish-brown dye. Bark was used to dye the rope used in halibut fishing to make it invisible to the fish.  Canoes were often painted with a solution of this bark in water.  This stain was made by steeping the bark in water for many days, until the liquid was bright red.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44"}
{"id": 41007, "species": {"value": 4043, "label": "Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 114, "label": "Klallam"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as a red-brown dye.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"}
{"id": 41030, "species": {"value": 4043, "label": "Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Inner bark pounded, boiled and used as a red-brown dye.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"}