{"id": 76, "species": {"value": 2, "label": "Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 134, "label": "Malecite"}, "source": {"value": 78, "label": "sd52"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots used for thread.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"}
{"id": 503, "species": {"value": 26, "label": "Acer macrophyllum Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 132, "label": "Maidu"}, "source": {"value": 162, "label": "sk58"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Withes used as coiling thread.", "rawsource": "Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"}
{"id": 1785, "species": {"value": 93, "label": "Agave palmeri Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 14, "label": "Apache, Western"}, "source": {"value": 87, "label": "b86"}, "pageno": "169", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Thorn used as needle and thread.", "rawsource": "Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"}
{"id": 1807, "species": {"value": 94, "label": "Agave parryi Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 14, "label": "Apache, Western"}, "source": {"value": 87, "label": "b86"}, "pageno": "169", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Thorn used as needle and thread.", "rawsource": "Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"}
{"id": 1808, "species": {"value": 94, "label": "Agave parryi Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 14, "label": "Apache, Western"}, "source": {"value": 87, "label": "b86"}, "pageno": "169", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Thorn used as needle and thread.", "rawsource": "Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"}
{"id": 3678, "species": {"value": 284, "label": "Anthoxanthum odoratum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "120", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Used to sew buckskin when making moccasins and articles of clothing.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 120"}
{"id": 3745, "species": {"value": 296, "label": "Apocynum androsaemifolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "73", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Outer bark or rind used as the finest thread material.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 73"}
{"id": 3750, "species": {"value": 296, "label": "Apocynum androsaemifolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "267", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Outer rind or bark used for thread.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"}
{"id": 3763, "species": {"value": 296, "label": "Apocynum androsaemifolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "413", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Outer rind used for fine sewing. In the fall, when mature, this plant makes one of the strongest native fibers, stronger even than the cultivated hemp to which it is related.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"}
{"id": 3771, "species": {"value": 296, "label": "Apocynum androsaemifolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "111", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Fine divisions of bark were very strong and used as a thread for sewing on the fine beadwork.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 111"}
{"id": 3810, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 120, "label": "Kutenai"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "12", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Stalks split, dried and used as thread for sewing tipi covers.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 12"}
{"id": 3824, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "378", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Inner bark used for making thread.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378"}
{"id": 3831, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "267", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Outer bast fiber used as thread.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"}
{"id": 3847, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Inner bark used for making thread.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 3866, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Inner bark used for making thread.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 3867, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "498", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Inner bark used for making thread.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"}
{"id": 3868, "species": {"value": 297, "label": "Apocynum cannabinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "159", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Plant made into thread and used for sewing.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"}
{"id": 6303, "species": {"value": 446, "label": "Asclepias syriaca L."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "74", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Outer bark used for sewing thread.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 74"}
{"id": 6326, "species": {"value": 446, "label": "Asclepias syriaca L."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "111", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "This and other species of the milkweed used for thread materials.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 111"}
{"id": 7158, "species": {"value": 580, "label": "Betula papyrifera Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 27, "label": "Carrier"}, "source": {"value": 134, "label": "c73"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots used with spruce roots to sew things together.", "rawsource": "Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67"}
{"id": 8063, "species": {"value": 737, "label": "Carex barbarae Dewey"}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "White, woody center of the root used as a sewing element in coiled baskets and in twining.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 103"}
{"id": 8890, "species": {"value": 838, "label": "Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins"}, "tribe": {"value": 287, "label": "Yuki"}, "source": {"value": 199, "label": "k30"}, "pageno": "423", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Wood, sapwood and roots used for sewing material.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1930, Yuki Basketry, University of Calfornia Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 24:421-444, page 423"}
{"id": 9272, "species": {"value": 882, "label": "Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Stem fibers used for thread.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"}
{"id": 9577, "species": {"value": 912, "label": "Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet"}, "tribe": {"value": 97, "label": "Hualapai"}, "source": {"value": 127, "label": "w82"}, "pageno": "8", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Used for making cloth woven spudi.", "rawsource": "Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 8"}
{"id": 16139, "species": {"value": 1768, "label": "Gossypium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Used to make fabrics.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 62"}
{"id": 17257, "species": {"value": 1896, "label": "Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "75", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Wet grass used for sewing, dried tight and resin used over the stitches.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 75"}
{"id": 17297, "species": {"value": 1901, "label": "Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 25, "label": "California Indian"}, "source": {"value": 111, "label": "m90"}, "pageno": "59", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Inner bark used for thread.", "rawsource": "Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 59"}
{"id": 17299, "species": {"value": 1901, "label": "Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 49, "label": "Concow"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "358", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Fine, strong inner bark formerly used for thread.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 358"}
{"id": 17304, "species": {"value": 1901, "label": "Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 285, "label": "Yokia"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "358", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Fine, strong inner bark formerly used for thread.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 358"}
{"id": 17330, "species": {"value": 1904, "label": "Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "117", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Wood used to make knitting needles and long needles for mat making.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"}
{"id": 17359, "species": {"value": 1904, "label": "Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim."}, "tribe": {"value": 218, "label": "Salish, Cowichan"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "117", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Wood used to make knitting needles.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"}
{"id": 19469, "species": {"value": 2093, "label": "Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell"}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "423", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Rind of this nettle used by the old people as a sewing fiber.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"}
{"id": 19527, "species": {"value": 2099, "label": "Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch"}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "421", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots used as a sewing material.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"}
{"id": 20115, "species": {"value": 2162, "label": "Leymus mollis ssp. mollis"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "88", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Tough, sharply pointed leaves used as 'needle-and-thread' for sewing and tying material.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 88"}
{"id": 21116, "species": {"value": 2259, "label": "Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "499", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Fiber obtained from stems used as thread.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"}
{"id": 23542, "species": {"value": 2543, "label": "Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc."}, "tribe": {"value": 232, "label": "Shoshoni"}, "source": {"value": 111, "label": "m90"}, "pageno": "8", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Grass used as thread, very white, long and fine.", "rawsource": "Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 8"}
{"id": 24695, "species": {"value": 2662, "label": "Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata"}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Thorns used as sewing material and for tattooing.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55"}
{"id": 26908, "species": {"value": 2934, "label": "Picea glauca (Moench) Voss"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots used to sew birch bark baskets and canoes.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"}
{"id": 26970, "species": {"value": 2934, "label": "Picea glauca (Moench) Voss"}, "tribe": {"value": 134, "label": "Malecite"}, "source": {"value": 78, "label": "sd52"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots used for thread.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"}
{"id": 27071, "species": {"value": 2935, "label": "Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots used to sew sheets of birch bark together for a tipi cover.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"}
{"id": 27072, "species": {"value": 2935, "label": "Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "49", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots used to stitch birch bark basket and canoe seams.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49"}
{"id": 27110, "species": {"value": 2935, "label": "Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P."}, "tribe": {"value": 134, "label": "Malecite"}, "source": {"value": 78, "label": "sd52"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots used for thread.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"}
{"id": 27113, "species": {"value": 2935, "label": "Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P."}, "tribe": {"value": 141, "label": "Micmac"}, "source": {"value": 182, "label": "sd51"}, "pageno": "258", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots used as sewing material for canoe birch bark products.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"}
{"id": 27217, "species": {"value": 2938, "label": "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "269", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used for 'sewing wood.'", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"}
{"id": 27373, "species": {"value": 2952, "label": "Pinus banksiana Lamb."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "75", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Small, boiled roots used as cords to sew birch bark canoe and stitching sealed with pitch or resin.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 75"}
{"id": 27378, "species": {"value": 2952, "label": "Pinus banksiana Lamb."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "421", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots used as fine sewing material for canoes and other coarse and durable sewing.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"}
{"id": 27382, "species": {"value": 2952, "label": "Pinus banksiana Lamb."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "113", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots used as a heavy sewing material. The roots extend near the surface of the ground through the sandy soil for thirty to thirty-five feet and were easy to pull out of the ground in their entire length.  When they were gathered they were made into coils and sunk beneath the surface of the lake until the outer bark had loosened from the root.  Then, they were peeled and split in half, each half being a serviceable cord for sewing together canoes and bark strips intended for the roofs of wigwams and for other purposes.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 113"}
{"id": 29998, "species": {"value": 3154, "label": "Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa"}, "tribe": {"value": 229, "label": "Seri"}, "source": {"value": 29, "label": "d44"}, "pageno": "134", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Outer root tissues woven into rough fabric.", "rawsource": "Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134"}
{"id": 32120, "species": {"value": 3264, "label": "Quercus gambelii var. gambelii"}, "tribe": {"value": 258, "label": "Tewa of Hano"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Wood used to make embroidery stretchers.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 44"}
{"id": 33184, "species": {"value": 3352, "label": "Rhus trilobata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "60", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Used to sew water bottles.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60"}
{"id": 35680, "species": {"value": 3520, "label": "Salix bebbiana Sarg."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "136", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Bark used for sewing birch bark onto basket frames.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"}
{"id": 35824, "species": {"value": 3527, "label": "Salix exigua Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "136", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Bark used for sewing birch bark onto basket frames.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"}
{"id": 35855, "species": {"value": 3530, "label": "Salix gooddingii Ball"}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "116", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Small, green branches split in two, peeled, twisted, dried and used for sewing coiled baskets.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 116"}
{"id": 36068, "species": {"value": 3547, "label": "Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "136", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Bark used for sewing birch bark onto basket frames.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"}
{"id": 37472, "species": {"value": 3608, "label": "Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong"}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 179, "label": "b08"}, "pageno": "140", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Root used as a weft or sewing material.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140"}
{"id": 39482, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "57", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Leaves used to sew sacks.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"}
{"id": 39511, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "75", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Wood used to make mat making needles.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"}
{"id": 39527, "species": {"value": 3902, "label": "Taxus brevifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 80, "label": "g67"}, "pageno": "11", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots twined as fabric.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"}
{"id": 40068, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "266", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Long, straight branches used for 'sewing wood.'", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"}
{"id": 40155, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Inner bark and stems used to make thread.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 40213, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 210, "label": "Quinault"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "19", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Roots used to sew the corners of wooden boxes.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"}
{"id": 40270, "species": {"value": 3951, "label": "Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Inner bark and stems used to make thread.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 40337, "species": {"value": 3959, "label": "Tilia americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 15, "label": "gil33"}, "pageno": "136", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Bast made into thread for sewing and fine yarn for weaving bags.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"}
{"id": 40358, "species": {"value": 3959, "label": "Tilia americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 134, "label": "Malecite"}, "source": {"value": 78, "label": "sd52"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Fiber used for sewing birch bark.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"}
{"id": 40375, "species": {"value": 3959, "label": "Tilia americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 8, "label": "r28"}, "pageno": "232", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Inner bark of young sprouts used to make thread.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232"}
{"id": 40383, "species": {"value": 3959, "label": "Tilia americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "114", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Bark string used for sewing the edges of mats.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114"}
{"id": 41384, "species": {"value": 4049, "label": "Typha latifolia L."}, "tribe": {"value": 245, "label": "Snohomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Leaves peeled and made into two-ply strings for sewing mats.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"}
{"id": 41798, "species": {"value": 4059, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "423", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Bark or rind used as a fine, stout sewing fiber.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"}
{"id": 41800, "species": {"value": 4059, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "77", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"}
{"id": 43388, "species": {"value": 4172, "label": "Vitis californica Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "369", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Vines soaked in water and hot ashes, bark removed, wood split into strands and used as thread.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 369"}
{"id": 43762, "species": {"value": 4224, "label": "Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 58, "label": "bc41"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Narrow, split leaf strips used as sewing material for coiled plaques.", "rawsource": "Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 33"}
{"id": 44042, "species": {"value": 4228, "label": "Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 188, "label": "Papago"}, "source": {"value": 58, "label": "bc41"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Species used to sew coils into tight baskets.", "rawsource": "Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 62"}
{"id": 44087, "species": {"value": 4230, "label": "Yucca glauca Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Sharp points of leaves used as needles.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"}
{"id": 44154, "species": {"value": 4230, "label": "Yucca glauca Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Sharp leaf points used as needles.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"}
{"id": 44166, "species": {"value": 4230, "label": "Yucca glauca Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Sharp leaf points used as needles.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"}
{"id": 44169, "species": {"value": 4230, "label": "Yucca glauca Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 102, "label": "Sewing Material"}, "notes": "Sharp leaf points used as needles.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"}