{"id": 118, "species": {"value": 3, "label": "Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr."}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "88", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used as a tan dye for buckskin.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88"}
{"id": 661, "species": {"value": 34, "label": "Acer saccharinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 154, "label": "g13ii"}, "pageno": "324", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 108, "label": "Black"}, "notes": "Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used in tanning leather. The twigs and bark of new growth were boiled with water.  A clay which contained iron was mixed with grease and then roasted; then it was mixed with the boiled twig and bark water.  Tanned hides were soaked in this solution for two or three days to get the right color; treatment for a shorter period of time resulted in a brownish color and for a longer time resulted in black.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"}
{"id": 662, "species": {"value": 34, "label": "Acer saccharinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 108, "label": "Black"}, "notes": "Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used to color tanned hides.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"}
{"id": 666, "species": {"value": 34, "label": "Acer saccharinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 280, "label": "Winnebago"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 108, "label": "Black"}, "notes": "Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used to color tanned hides. The twigs and bark of new growth were boiled with water.  A clay which contained iron was mixed with grease and then roasted; then it was mixed with the boiled twig and bark water.  Tanned hides were soaked in this solution for two or three days to get the right color; treatment for a shorter period of time resulted in a brownish color and for a longer time resulted in black.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"}
{"id": 1018, "species": {"value": 42, "label": "Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 80, "label": "Great Basin Indian"}, "source": {"value": 139, "label": "n66"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 121, "label": "Green"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make a green dye.", "rawsource": "Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50"}
{"id": 1226, "species": {"value": 55, "label": "Acorus calamus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 15, "label": "gil33"}, "pageno": "131", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 105, "label": "Mordant"}, "notes": "Plant used with bloodroot as a mordant in dyeing.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 131"}
{"id": 1754, "species": {"value": 91, "label": "Agave deserti Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "31", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Burned stalk ash used as a dye for tattoos.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"}
{"id": 2086, "species": {"value": 140, "label": "Allium cepa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 116, "label": "r45i"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 121, "label": "Green"}, "notes": "Bulb peelings used as a green dye for wool.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 104"}
{"id": 2087, "species": {"value": 140, "label": "Allium cepa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 116, "label": "r45i"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 72, "label": "Yellow"}, "notes": "Bulb peelings used as a yellow dye for wool.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 104"}
{"id": 2238, "species": {"value": 159, "label": "Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman"}, "tribe": {"value": 80, "label": "Great Basin Indian"}, "source": {"value": 139, "label": "n66"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Bulb skin used as a golden-brown dye.", "rawsource": "Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46"}
{"id": 2270, "species": {"value": 160, "label": "Allium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 121, "label": "Green"}, "notes": "Used for a green dye.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"}
{"id": 2325, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 8, "label": "Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule"}, "source": {"value": 113, "label": "ray45"}, "pageno": "119", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 72, "label": "Yellow"}, "notes": "Inner bark used to make yellow dye.", "rawsource": "Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 119"}
{"id": 2328, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 193, "label": "Orange"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as an orange dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2329, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2334, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "372", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 108, "label": "Black"}, "notes": "Used with grindstone dust or black earth to make a black dye.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372"}
{"id": 2335, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 15, "label": "gil33"}, "pageno": "128", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Bark boiled to make a bright red dye.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128"}
{"id": 2336, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "371", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Inner bark boiled with other inter barks and bloodroot and used to make a red dye.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371"}
{"id": 2337, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "373", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 72, "label": "Yellow"}, "notes": "Inner bark pounded, steeped and boiled to make a yellow dye.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 373"}
{"id": 2340, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Decoction or infusion of inner bark used to wash and restore the brown color of old moccasins.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2341, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 176, "label": "Orange-Red"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used as a reddish orange dye for quills.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2342, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2343, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2344, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2345, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 72, "label": "Yellow"}, "notes": "Decoction of catkins used as a yellow dye for quills.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2348, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 193, "label": "Orange"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as an orange dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2349, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a flaming red hair dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2350, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2354, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 120, "label": "Kutenai"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 193, "label": "Orange"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as an orange dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2355, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 120, "label": "Kutenai"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2361, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "78", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and cloth or material immersed in boiling liquid as a reddish brown dye.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78"}
{"id": 2367, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Powdered bark used as a reddish dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants.  The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany.  Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material.  To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen.  This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight.  This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39"}
{"id": 2368, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 162, "label": "Nez Perce"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 193, "label": "Orange"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as an orange dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2369, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 162, "label": "Nez Perce"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"}
{"id": 2371, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "425", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 72, "label": "Yellow"}, "notes": "Inner bark used for dyeing light yellow or with other ingredients for red, red brown or black.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"}
{"id": 2378, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "116", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to obtain a brown dye.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116"}
{"id": 2379, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "116", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Bark used to obtain a red dye.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116"}
{"id": 2383, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 233, "label": "Shuswap"}, "source": {"value": 92, "label": "palmer75"}, "pageno": "59", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Used for buckskin dye.", "rawsource": "Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"}
{"id": 2397, "species": {"value": 169, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Decoction or infusion of inner bark used to wash and restore the brown color of old moccasins.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2398, "species": {"value": 169, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 176, "label": "Orange-Red"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used as a reddish orange dye for quills.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2399, "species": {"value": 169, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2400, "species": {"value": 169, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2401, "species": {"value": 169, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2402, "species": {"value": 169, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 72, "label": "Yellow"}, "notes": "Decoction of catkins used as a yellow dye for quills.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2412, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 15, "label": "Apache, White Mountain"}, "source": {"value": 45, "label": "r29"}, "pageno": "155", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to dye deerskin and other skins a reddish brown.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155"}
{"id": 2419, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 193, "label": "Orange"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used to make a orange dye.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"}
{"id": 2420, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used to make a red-brown dye.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"}
{"id": 2424, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Decoction or infusion of inner bark used to wash and restore the brown color of old moccasins.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2425, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 176, "label": "Orange-Red"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used as a reddish orange dye for quills.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2426, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2427, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2428, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2429, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 72, "label": "Yellow"}, "notes": "Decoction of catkins used as a yellow dye for quills.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2436, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 101, "label": "Isleta"}, "source": {"value": 76, "label": "j31"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Root bark, mountain mahogany root bark and wild plum root bark used to make a red dye for buckskin.", "rawsource": "Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21"}
{"id": 2437, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 102, "label": "Jemez"}, "source": {"value": 28, "label": "c30"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Bark, mountain mahogany bark and birch bark boiled together and used as red dye to paint moccasins.", "rawsource": "Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20"}
{"id": 2439, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 107, "label": "Keres, Western"}, "source": {"value": 79, "label": "swank32"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Soaked bark rubbed on buckskin as a red dye.", "rawsource": "Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"}
{"id": 2440, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "94", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 193, "label": "Orange"}, "notes": "Fresh or dried bark boiled and used as an orange dye for coloring horse hair ropes and cinches.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 94"}
{"id": 2441, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 193, "label": "Orange"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used as an orange dye.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"}
{"id": 2443, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Bark and twigs used as a brownish dye.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39"}
{"id": 2444, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Powdered bark used as a tan dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants.  The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany.  Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material.  To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen.  This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight.  This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39"}
{"id": 2445, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Powdered bark used as a reddish dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants.  The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany.  Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material.  To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen.  This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight.  This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39"}
{"id": 2446, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "30", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to dye buckskin a reddish-brown color.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"}
{"id": 2451, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "87", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark and wood used to make red and brown dyes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"}
{"id": 2453, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 257, "label": "Tewa"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Bark dried, finely ground, boiled, cooled and used as a red dye for deerskin.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 38"}
{"id": 2456, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 291, "label": "Zuni"}, "source": {"value": 6, "label": "s15"}, "pageno": "80", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to dye deerskin reddish-brown.", "rawsource": "Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 80"}
{"id": 2457, "species": {"value": 171, "label": "Alnus rhombifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "248", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Juice used as a dye.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"}
{"id": 2459, "species": {"value": 171, "label": "Alnus rhombifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "382", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Inner bark dried, ground, mixed with flour and water and used as a dye.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"}
{"id": 2473, "species": {"value": 171, "label": "Alnus rhombifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "332", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Fresh bark used as a dye to color basket material and deerskins.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 332"}
{"id": 2480, "species": {"value": 171, "label": "Alnus rhombifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 273, "label": "Wailaki"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "332", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Fresh bark formerly chewed and used as a red dye to color fishermen's bodies for successful fishing.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 332"}
{"id": 2482, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "202", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a red dye for cedar bark.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"}
{"id": 2508, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Boiled, steeped bark used as a red dye for cedar bark and other items.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"}
{"id": 2526, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "296", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 108, "label": "Black"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a black dye.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"}
{"id": 2527, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "296", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a brown dye.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"}
{"id": 2528, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "296", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 193, "label": "Orange"}, "notes": "Bark used to make an orange dye.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"}
{"id": 2529, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "296", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a red dye.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"}
{"id": 2535, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 129, "label": "Lummi"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"}
{"id": 2548, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "243", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used as a brown dye for baskets.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243"}
{"id": 2549, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "79", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Formerly used to make red basket dyes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"}
{"id": 2550, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "98", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Infusion of crushed bark used to make different shades of red dye.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"}
{"id": 2558, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 181, "label": "Oweekeno"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "86", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a red dye.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86"}
{"id": 2567, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 209, "label": "Quileute"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"}
{"id": 2569, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 210, "label": "Quinault"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"}
{"id": 2572, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "79", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled to make a reddish brown dye and used to color fish nets, baskets, canoes and head rings.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79"}
{"id": 2579, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 245, "label": "Snohomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"}
{"id": 2588, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Bark boiled in water to make a brown dye and used for mountain goat wool, cloth and other items.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"}
{"id": 2589, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Bark boiled in water to make a red dye and used for mountain goat wool, cloth and other items. The dye was used to color mountain goat wool and other cloth and to deepen the color of basket materials such as bitter cherry bark.  Skins were tanned and dyed simultaneously by soaking them in a cooled solution of the bark.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"}
{"id": 2590, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "501", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Bark used as a red dye.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501"}
{"id": 2592, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 266, "label": "Tolowa"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "16", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bark used to dye fibers.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"}
{"id": 2594, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 281, "label": "Wintoon"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "264", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Inner bark chewed and used as a dull red dye.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"}
{"id": 2595, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 289, "label": "Yurok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "16", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bark used to dye fibers.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"}
{"id": 2619, "species": {"value": 174, "label": "Alnus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 27, "label": "Carrier"}, "source": {"value": 134, "label": "c73"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 108, "label": "Black"}, "notes": "Used as a black dye for fish nets.", "rawsource": "Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 72"}
{"id": 2621, "species": {"value": 174, "label": "Alnus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 80, "label": "Great Basin Indian"}, "source": {"value": 139, "label": "n66"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 193, "label": "Orange"}, "notes": "Bark used to make an orange dye.", "rawsource": "Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47"}
{"id": 2633, "species": {"value": 174, "label": "Alnus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 141, "label": "Micmac"}, "source": {"value": 182, "label": "sd51"}, "pageno": "258", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bark used to make a dye.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"}
{"id": 2637, "species": {"value": 174, "label": "Alnus sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 193, "label": "Orange"}, "notes": "Bark steeped in water for an orange dye to color moccasins and to decorate knife handles.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 64"}
{"id": 2647, "species": {"value": 176, "label": "Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill"}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 152, "label": "aa80"}, "pageno": "35", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 193, "label": "Orange"}, "notes": "Bark soaked in water to make a rusty orange dye used to color tanned skins.", "rawsource": "Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 35"}
{"id": 2651, "species": {"value": 176, "label": "Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill"}, "tribe": {"value": 71, "label": "Eskimo, Inuktitut"}, "source": {"value": 64, "label": "w78"}, "pageno": "188", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark used to make a red tan dye.", "rawsource": "Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188"}
{"id": 2654, "species": {"value": 176, "label": "Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill"}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 116, "label": "r45i"}, "pageno": "84", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Used as a brown dye for wool.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 84"}
{"id": 2655, "species": {"value": 176, "label": "Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill"}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 116, "label": "r45i"}, "pageno": "84", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 150, "label": "Brown"}, "notes": "Used as a brown dye for wool.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 84"}
{"id": 2660, "species": {"value": 176, "label": "Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "87", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 127, "label": "Red-Brown"}, "notes": "Bark and wood used to make red and brown dyes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"}
{"id": 2664, "species": {"value": 176, "label": "Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill"}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "5", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Inner bark boiled and liquid used as a dye or soaked bark rubbed directly onto article to be dyed.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"}
{"id": 2673, "species": {"value": 177, "label": "Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L\u201dve"}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 167, "label": "a39"}, "pageno": "715", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bark used for dying reindeer skins.", "rawsource": "Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"}