{"id": 1608, "species": {"value": 73, "label": "Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Wood sections hollowed out by burning and carved into bowls.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"}
{"id": 1710, "species": {"value": 86, "label": "Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders"}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 132, "label": "Cash Crop"}, "notes": "Obtained by barter from the Papago Indians.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"}
{"id": 1749, "species": {"value": 89, "label": "Agave americana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 132, "label": "Cash Crop"}, "notes": "Obtained by barter from the Papago Indians.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"}
{"id": 1837, "species": {"value": 94, "label": "Agave parryi Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 132, "label": "Cash Crop"}, "notes": "Obtained by barter from the Papago Indians.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"}
{"id": 2463, "species": {"value": 171, "label": "Alnus rhombifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 144, "label": "Hide Preparation"}, "notes": "Bark smoke used to tan white buckskin yellow.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"}
{"id": 4481, "species": {"value": 344, "label": "Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehd. & Wilson) Fern."}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 115, "label": "Season Indicator"}, "notes": "Red leaves indicated fattened moose and the time to hunt them.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"}
{"id": 10225, "species": {"value": 1019, "label": "Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 38, "label": "Decorations"}, "notes": "Grown as an ornamental vine for houses and verandas.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10"}
{"id": 4639, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Roasted, dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 100"}
{"id": 18343, "species": {"value": 2038, "label": "Juncus balticus Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 125, "label": "Jewelry"}, "notes": "Blades used to string clamshell beads to hold them together when being smoothed.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 100"}
{"id": 18344, "species": {"value": 2038, "label": "Juncus balticus Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Blades used by children to make play baskets.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 100"}
{"id": 26878, "species": {"value": 2933, "label": "Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 147, "label": "Good Luck Charm"}, "notes": "Tree and red cedar tree provided good luck and wishes for those who asked for it.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 27272, "species": {"value": 2938, "label": "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 58, "label": "Protection"}, "notes": "Branches rubbed on skin to protect one against evil or 'witchcraft.' The protective powers were attributed to the prickly needles.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 36894, "species": {"value": 3569, "label": "Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 185, "label": "Sacred Items"}, "notes": "Pithy branches hollowed out and used to make ceremonial and sacred wolf whistles.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 36895, "species": {"value": 3569, "label": "Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Used to make children's whistles and 'pea shooters.'", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 41930, "species": {"value": 4065, "label": "Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Ung."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Black powder used as a ceremonial body paint.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 100"}
{"id": 549, "species": {"value": 27, "label": "Acer negundo L."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Wood made into charcoal and used for ceremonial painting and tattooing.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"}
{"id": 563, "species": {"value": 27, "label": "Acer negundo L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Wood made into charcoal and used for ceremonial painting and tattooing.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"}
{"id": 4431, "species": {"value": 338, "label": "Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Roasted, dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 101"}
{"id": 4522, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Crushed leaves smoked with tobacco.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"}
{"id": 4627, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves toasted and used as a tobacco.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"}
{"id": 18131, "species": {"value": 2020, "label": "Isocoma pluriflora (Torr. & Gray) Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried plants used for kindling.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 101"}
{"id": 26573, "species": {"value": 2901, "label": "Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 146, "label": "Musical Instrument"}, "notes": "Used to make a flute, usually played by men.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101"}
{"id": 4429, "species": {"value": 338, "label": "Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"}
{"id": 4443, "species": {"value": 340, "label": "Arctostaphylos patula Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"}
{"id": 4449, "species": {"value": 340, "label": "Arctostaphylos patula Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Fire dried, pulverized leaves smoked with other plants or alone.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"}
{"id": 5942, "species": {"value": 420, "label": "Arundo donax L."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 146, "label": "Musical Instrument"}, "notes": "Used to make a flute, usually played by men.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"}
{"id": 8594, "species": {"value": 807, "label": "Ceanothus americanus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"}
{"id": 8619, "species": {"value": 807, "label": "Ceanothus americanus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"}
{"id": 8621, "species": {"value": 807, "label": "Ceanothus americanus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"}
{"id": 8623, "species": {"value": 807, "label": "Ceanothus americanus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"}
{"id": 8625, "species": {"value": 807, "label": "Ceanothus americanus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 280, "label": "Winnebago"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"}
{"id": 11005, "species": {"value": 1102, "label": "Cornus sericea ssp. sericea"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried cambium greased, crushed and mixed with smoking tobacco.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"}
{"id": 13102, "species": {"value": 1395, "label": "Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Resinous branches used to make quick fires.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102"}
{"id": 13103, "species": {"value": 1395, "label": "Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 26, "label": "Paint"}, "notes": "Resin melted and used as a varnish.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102"}
{"id": 16144, "species": {"value": 1768, "label": "Gossypium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 227, "label": "Santa Clara"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Formerly used to weave large ceremonial blankets.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 102"}
{"id": 16147, "species": {"value": 1768, "label": "Gossypium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 258, "label": "Tewa of Hano"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Used to make the strings for prayer feathers.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 102"}
{"id": 27501, "species": {"value": 2955, "label": "Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 28, "label": "Hunting & Fishing Item"}, "notes": "Wood used to make a leister pole.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 27798, "species": {"value": 2965, "label": "Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 132, "label": "Cash Crop"}, "notes": "Nuts used as an important trade item.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"}
{"id": 27799, "species": {"value": 2965, "label": "Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 57, "label": "Fasteners"}, "notes": "Pitch used as an adhesive for mending pottery and baskets and attaching arrowpoints to shafts.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"}
{"id": 27800, "species": {"value": 2965, "label": "Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Wood, high combustibility, used for firewood and kindling.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"}
{"id": 27801, "species": {"value": 2965, "label": "Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 53, "label": "Incense & Fragrance"}, "notes": "Wood, gave off a pleasant odor, used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"}
{"id": 28088, "species": {"value": 2972, "label": "Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 132, "label": "Cash Crop"}, "notes": "Nuts used as an important trade item.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"}
{"id": 28089, "species": {"value": 2972, "label": "Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 57, "label": "Fasteners"}, "notes": "Pitch used as an adhesive for mending pottery and baskets and attaching arrowpoints to shafts.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"}
{"id": 28090, "species": {"value": 2972, "label": "Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Wood, high combustibility, used for firewood and kindling.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"}
{"id": 28091, "species": {"value": 2972, "label": "Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 53, "label": "Incense & Fragrance"}, "notes": "Wood, gave off a pleasant odor, used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"}
{"id": 39067, "species": {"value": 3849, "label": "Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 58, "label": "Protection"}, "notes": "Bark soaked, rubbed in water and used as a skin wash for protection and truthfulness.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 39068, "species": {"value": 3849, "label": "Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Berries rubbed on the face during a game called 'lehal.'", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 44664, "species": {"value": 4258, "label": "Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens (Gray) M.C. Johnston"}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 164, "label": "spier28"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Branch used to make a planting stick.", "rawsource": "Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 102"}
{"id": 16624, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 145, "label": "Lighting"}, "notes": "Inner pulp of dried stalks strung and used to make quick-burning candles.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"}
{"id": 26308, "species": {"value": 2870, "label": "Phaseolus coccineus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 112, "label": "w16"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Seeds intimately associated with the annual ceremonies of planting time & the harvest thanksgiving.", "rawsource": "Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"}
{"id": 26325, "species": {"value": 2871, "label": "Phaseolus lunatus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 112, "label": "w16"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Seeds intimately associated with the annual ceremonies of planting time & the harvest thanksgiving.", "rawsource": "Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"}
{"id": 26351, "species": {"value": 2873, "label": "Phaseolus vulgaris L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 112, "label": "w16"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Seeds intimately associated with the annual ceremonies of planting time & the harvest thanksgiving.", "rawsource": "Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 103"}
{"id": 42100, "species": {"value": 4079, "label": "Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 7, "label": "Algonquin, Quebec"}, "source": {"value": 67, "label": "b80"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 132, "label": "Cash Crop"}, "notes": "Fruit gathered to eat and sell. Blueberries were probably the most highly regarded wild plant food in the study area.  They were locally abundant and individuals and families from bands not in the vicinity of good blueberry fields travelled considerable distances in order to pick berries for themselves and to sell.  During the course of field studies members of the River Desert band travelled northwest of their area ninety miles and more.  Members of the Weymontaching Cree band were met near Clova in the Obedjiwan band area.  They had travelled to this location by train in order to pick blueberries and meet with relatives.", "rawsource": "Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 103"}
{"id": 43321, "species": {"value": 4166, "label": "Viola sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Violets used by children in playing games. The children separated into two teams, one team taking the name of their tribe and the other of another tribe such as the Dakota.  Each team collected violets and the two parties sat down facing each other and snapped violets at each other until there were none remaining.  The victorious team taunted the other as being poor fighters.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 103"}
{"id": 23810, "species": {"value": 2577, "label": "Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 257, "label": "Tewa"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "103104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried leaves and other plant parts smoked in pipes and cigarettes.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 103104"}
{"id": 4598, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"}
{"id": 4610, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves dried or roasted and smoked.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"}
{"id": 4612, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 167, "label": "Nootka"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"}
{"id": 15665, "species": {"value": 1703, "label": "Gaultheria shallon Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Branches and leaves used in steam cooking pits to circulate steam and keep food from burning.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"}
{"id": 15666, "species": {"value": 1703, "label": "Gaultheria shallon Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 26, "label": "Paint"}, "notes": "Leaves crushed, mixed with salmon roe and used as paint for masks and wooden item designs.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"}
{"id": 23753, "species": {"value": 2577, "label": "Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 104"}
{"id": 24676, "species": {"value": 2661, "label": "Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Plant used by small boys in playing games. The 'cactus game' was played on the prairie where the cactus abounded.  One boy was chosen to be 'it' and he would take a stick, place a cactus plant upon it and hold it up it the air.  The other boys would attempt to shoot at it with their bows and arrows and the target holder would run after the boy who hit the target and strike him with the spiny cactus making him 'it'.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"}
{"id": 28058, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Needles used to line food caches and cellars.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"}
{"id": 28059, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Needles supported on a framework of poles used for drying cooked berries. The needles were interspersed between layers of dried salmon or any other food being stored.  They kept the food dry, but allowed air to circulate around it to prevent spoiling.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"}
{"id": 28061, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 79, "label": "Smoking Tools"}, "notes": "Plant tops hollowed out with mock orange sticks and used to make the stems of smoking pipes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"}
{"id": 28062, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 154, "label": "Waterproofing Agent"}, "notes": "Pitch used to waterproof moccasins and other items.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"}
{"id": 30724, "species": {"value": 3181, "label": "Prunus virginiana L."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Sticks used to dig roots.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"}
{"id": 41960, "species": {"value": 4070, "label": "Vaccinium angustifolium Ait."}, "tribe": {"value": 7, "label": "Algonquin, Quebec"}, "source": {"value": 67, "label": "b80"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 132, "label": "Cash Crop"}, "notes": "Berries gathered and sold.", "rawsource": "Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"}
{"id": 42016, "species": {"value": 4074, "label": "Vaccinium corymbosum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 7, "label": "Algonquin, Quebec"}, "source": {"value": 67, "label": "b80"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 132, "label": "Cash Crop"}, "notes": "Berries gathered and sold.", "rawsource": "Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 104"}
{"id": 5656, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Wood used for fuel.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105"}
{"id": 5657, "species": {"value": 407, "label": "Artemisia tridentata Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Dead stems used as twirling sticks.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105"}
{"id": 6518, "species": {"value": 484, "label": "Astragalus miser Dougl."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 115, "label": "Season Indicator"}, "notes": "Blooms indicated that pine cambium was ready to eat.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"}
{"id": 6520, "species": {"value": 484, "label": "Astragalus miser Dougl."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used to wipe off the turpentine like juice from the inside of stripped pine bark.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"}
{"id": 16135, "species": {"value": 1768, "label": "Gossypium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 164, "label": "spier28"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Used as a strike-a-light.", "rawsource": "Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 105"}
{"id": 21360, "species": {"value": 2305, "label": "Lupinus sericeus Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 115, "label": "Season Indicator"}, "notes": "Blooms indicated that groundhogs were fat enough to eat.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"}
{"id": 21388, "species": {"value": 2308, "label": "Lupinus sulphureus Dougl. ex Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 115, "label": "Season Indicator"}, "notes": "Blooms indicated that groundhogs were fat enough to eat.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"}
{"id": 21393, "species": {"value": 2310, "label": "Lupinus wyethii S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 115, "label": "Season Indicator"}, "notes": "Blooms indicated that groundhogs were fat enough to eat.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"}
{"id": 21648, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make rectangular drying frames for drying mashed salal berries.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"}
{"id": 23856, "species": {"value": 2580, "label": "Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia"}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 164, "label": "spier28"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 105"}
{"id": 28633, "species": {"value": 3025, "label": "Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "105", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 28, "label": "Hunting & Fishing Item"}, "notes": "Used to make arrow shafts.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 105"}
{"id": 10472, "species": {"value": 1047, "label": "Collomia grandiflora Dougl. ex Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "106", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used as a protective covering for filled berry containers.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 106"}
{"id": 17395, "species": {"value": 1908, "label": "Hordeum jubatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 116, "label": "r45i"}, "pageno": "106", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Used by children to place in the sleeves of playmates as a joke.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 106"}
{"id": 27352, "species": {"value": 2948, "label": "Pinguicula vulgaris L."}, "tribe": {"value": 181, "label": "Oweekeno"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "106", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 147, "label": "Good Luck Charm"}, "notes": "Dried roots kept for good luck.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"}
{"id": 29467, "species": {"value": 3102, "label": "Populus fremontii S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "106", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Trunks used to make wooden mortars.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 106"}
{"id": 244, "species": {"value": 6, "label": "Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 53, "label": "Incense & Fragrance"}, "notes": "Needles packed with stored items, saddle pads or burned in a household smudge.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"}
{"id": 441, "species": {"value": 23, "label": "Acer glabrum Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark used to make paint containers.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"}
{"id": 2258, "species": {"value": 160, "label": "Allium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 53, "label": "Incense & Fragrance"}, "notes": "Bulbs rubbed on quivers as a deodorant.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"}
{"id": 2259, "species": {"value": 160, "label": "Allium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 106, "label": "Soap"}, "notes": "Bulbs and water used to shine arrows.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"}
{"id": 2927, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Berries used in an harvesting game. Favors were asked while presenting a gift of four of the berries.  The receiver was obliged to return the goodwill.  Girls played a game while harvesting the berries.  After some berries had been gathered the girls would sit together and hold their breath while another called out 'tops, tops, tops' at a regular beat.  Each girl put a berry in her bag for every call and the one who held her breath the longest won all the other girls' berries.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"}
{"id": 4518, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Dried berries used in rattles.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"}
{"id": 4520, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 125, "label": "Jewelry"}, "notes": "Dried berries strung on necklaces.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"}
{"id": 9738, "species": {"value": 922, "label": "Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth"}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 28, "label": "Hunting & Fishing Item"}, "notes": "Bulb used for fish poison.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 107"}
{"id": 9739, "species": {"value": 922, "label": "Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth"}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 106, "label": "Soap"}, "notes": "Bulb used as soap for washing body, hair and utensils.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 107"}
{"id": 10795, "species": {"value": 1089, "label": "Cornus amomum P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"}
{"id": 10811, "species": {"value": 1089, "label": "Cornus amomum P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"}
{"id": 10812, "species": {"value": 1089, "label": "Cornus amomum P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"}
{"id": 10813, "species": {"value": 1089, "label": "Cornus amomum P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"}
{"id": 10815, "species": {"value": 1089, "label": "Cornus amomum P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 280, "label": "Winnebago"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"}
{"id": 10817, "species": {"value": 1090, "label": "Cornus asperifolia Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 28, "label": "Hunting & Fishing Item"}, "notes": "Wood considered the favorite for arrow shafts.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"}
{"id": 10818, "species": {"value": 1090, "label": "Cornus asperifolia Michx."}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "107", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 28, "label": "Hunting & Fishing Item"}, "notes": "Wood considered the favorite for arrow shafts.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"}