{"id": 36771, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 15, "label": "Apache, White Mountain"}, "source": {"value": 45, "label": "r29"}, "pageno": "160", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries used for food.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160"}
{"id": 36772, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Infusion of roots used as an emetic and purgative for stomach pain.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"}
{"id": 36773, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 29, "label": "Cathartic"}, "notes": "Infusion of root bark used or root bark chewed as a purgative.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"}
{"id": 36774, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Infusion of root bark used or root bark chewed as an emetic.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"}
{"id": 36775, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of roots used as an emetic and purgative for stomach pain.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"}
{"id": 36776, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "203", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 27, "label": "Beverage"}, "notes": "Berries used to make wine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"}
{"id": 36777, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "203", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Berries formerly boiled into a thick sauce, dried and used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"}
{"id": 36778, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "203", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 1, "label": "Preserves"}, "notes": "Berries used to make jelly.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"}
{"id": 36779, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "203", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 79, "label": "Smoking Tools"}, "notes": "Stems hollowed out and used as pipe bowls.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"}
{"id": 36780, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 28, "label": "Carrier, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 29, "label": "Cathartic"}, "notes": "Decoction of root, second brewing only, taken as a purgative.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"}
{"id": 36781, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 29, "label": "Carrier, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 29, "label": "Cathartic"}, "notes": "Decoction of root taken twice a day as a purgative.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"}
{"id": 36782, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 29, "label": "Cathartic"}, "notes": "Infusion of root bark taken as a purgative.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"}
{"id": 36783, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "152", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Bark used as an emetic.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"}
{"id": 36784, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Infusion of root bark taken as an emetic.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"}
{"id": 36785, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 165, "label": "ga88"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 89, "label": "Witchcraft Medicine"}, "notes": "Bark, juniper roots and cow parsnip roots used for evil witchcraft victims.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 24"}
{"id": 36786, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 79, "label": "Gosiute"}, "source": {"value": 38, "label": "c11"}, "pageno": "380", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruit used in season for food.", "rawsource": "Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380"}
{"id": 36787, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Roots rubbed on the skin for aching, tired muscles.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"}
{"id": 36788, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Roots rubbed on the skin for aching, tired muscles.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"}
{"id": 36789, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Raw roots chewed as an emetic.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"}
{"id": 36790, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Raw roots chewed to clean out the stomach.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"}
{"id": 36791, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 36, "label": "Laxative"}, "notes": "Raw roots chewed as a laxative.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"}
{"id": 36792, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 13, "label": "Poison"}, "notes": "Berries should always be eaten cooked, as they are potentially poisonous when raw.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"}
{"id": 36793, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries should always be eaten cooked, as they are potentially poisonous when raw.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"}
{"id": 36794, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruit cooked with sugar and eaten.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"}
{"id": 36795, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 1, "label": "Preserves"}, "notes": "Cooked fruit made excellent jelly and jam.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"}
{"id": 36796, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 112, "label": "Kitasoo"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "329", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 2, "label": "Bread & Cake"}, "notes": "Fruit cooked, dried into cakes, stored, reconstituted and eaten.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 329"}
{"id": 36797, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "280", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Root extract taken to induce vomiting.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"}
{"id": 36798, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "280", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 22, "label": "Gynecological Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark used as steambath to relax body of woman after childbirth.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"}
{"id": 36799, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "280", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 78, "label": "Herbal Steam"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark used as steambath to relax body of woman after childbirth.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"}
{"id": 36800, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "280", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 39, "label": "Orthopedic Aid"}, "notes": "Compound infusion of bark used as a footbath for aching legs and feet.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"}
{"id": 36801, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "280", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 2, "label": "Bread & Cake"}, "notes": "Berries pit steamed, dried over fire into cakes and eaten at noon.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"}
{"id": 36802, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "261", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Stems hollowed and used as blowguns by children.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"}
{"id": 36803, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "318", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Fruit steamed, sun dried and placed in bentwood cedar boxes for storage.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"}
{"id": 36804, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "318", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruit eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"}
{"id": 36805, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "318", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruit mixed with sugar, steamed and eaten.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"}
{"id": 36806, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "318", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 59, "label": "Winter Use Food"}, "notes": "Berry clusters placed in alder bark cones and submerged in cold creeks for storage.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"}
{"id": 36807, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "318", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 59, "label": "Winter Use Food"}, "notes": "Fruit canned for winter use.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"}
{"id": 36808, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "318", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 154, "label": "Waterproofing Agent"}, "notes": "Fruit or flower glue used to waterproof cedar bark rain hats.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"}
{"id": 36809, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 134, "label": "Malecite"}, "source": {"value": 93, "label": "mech59"}, "pageno": "254", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant strips used with round wood as an emetic.", "rawsource": "Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 254"}
{"id": 36810, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 176, "label": "d32"}, "pageno": "131", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 122, "label": "Antidote"}, "notes": "Decoction of scraped inner bark used as a quick emetic in cases of poisoning.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 131"}
{"id": 36811, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "27, 28", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 29, "label": "Cathartic"}, "notes": "Decoction of peeled twigs, a drastic purgative, taken for severe constipation.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 27, 28"}
{"id": 36812, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "27, 28", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark and rind taken as a powerful emetic.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 27, 28"}
{"id": 36813, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 176, "label": "d32"}, "pageno": "131", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Decoction of scraped inner bark used as a quick emetic in cases of poisoning.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 131"}
{"id": 36814, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 141, "label": "Micmac"}, "source": {"value": 35, "label": "cfh79"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Herbs used as an 'emetic (with round wood).'", "rawsource": "Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61"}
{"id": 36815, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "318", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Bark soaked in water and taken as an emetic and purge.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"}
{"id": 36816, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "318", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 36, "label": "Laxative"}, "notes": "Bark used as a very strong laxative.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"}
{"id": 36817, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "318", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 128, "label": "Strengthener"}, "notes": "Bark used by athletes to 'draw out all the slime in the system,' for better wind and endurance.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"}
{"id": 36818, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "318", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruit used for food.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"}
{"id": 36819, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "360361", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 29, "label": "Cathartic"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark, considered dangerous, taken as a cathartic.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 360361"}
{"id": 36820, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 20, "label": "smith32"}, "pageno": "360361", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark, considered dangerous, taken as an emetic.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 360361"}
{"id": 36821, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 8, "label": "r28"}, "pageno": "237", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Infusion of roots used as a medicine.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"}
{"id": 36822, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 173, "label": "Ojibwa"}, "source": {"value": 8, "label": "r28"}, "pageno": "237", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Species used for food.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"}
{"id": 36823, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "42", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 92, "label": "Antirheumatic (Internal)"}, "notes": "Plant used for rheumatism.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"}
{"id": 36824, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "42", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Plant used for erysipelas.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"}
{"id": 36825, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "42", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 71, "label": "Toothache Remedy"}, "notes": "Bark placed in the hollow of a tooth for toothaches.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"}
{"id": 36826, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruits eaten for food.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 36827, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 80, "label": "g67"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots used as a lotion on open sores and cuts.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 15"}
{"id": 36828, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 29, "label": "Cathartic"}, "notes": "Infusion of inner bark taken as a physic and emetic.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 46"}
{"id": 36829, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Infusion of stem bark taken as a strong emetic.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 46"}
{"id": 36830, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 209, "label": "Quileute"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "318", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruit eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"}
{"id": 36831, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 209, "label": "Quileute"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "318", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 59, "label": "Winter Use Food"}, "notes": "Fruit canned for winter use.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"}
{"id": 36832, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "80", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Stems hollowed out and used as blowguns by children.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 80"}
{"id": 36833, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 236, "label": "Sikani"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 29, "label": "Cathartic"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark taken as a purgative.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64"}
{"id": 36834, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "42", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 92, "label": "Antirheumatic (Internal)"}, "notes": "Plant used for rheumatism.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"}
{"id": 36835, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "42", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Plant used for erysipelas.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"}
{"id": 36836, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "199", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 81, "label": "Liver Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of white roots and cascara bark taken for liver diseases.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"}
{"id": 36837, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "42", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 71, "label": "Toothache Remedy"}, "notes": "Bark placed in the hollow of a tooth for toothaches.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"}
{"id": 36838, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "199", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries stewed or eaten fresh with salmon egg 'cheese.' The berries were said to taste like sulfur.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"}
{"id": 36839, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruits eaten for food.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 36840, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "199", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 56, "label": "Soup"}, "notes": "Mashed berries dried in cakes, broken off and added to salmon head soup and other dishes. The berries were said to taste like sulfur.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"}
{"id": 36841, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "199", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 86, "label": "Spice"}, "notes": "Berry juice used to marinate salmon. The berries were mashed in birch bark baskets, and when the fish had been split open along the backbone in preparation for barbecuing, it was soaked for a while in elderberry juice to flavor it.  Then, the fish was taken out, the berry seeds scraped off and the fish barbecued and eaten.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"}
{"id": 36842, "species": {"value": 3567, "label": "Sambucus racemosa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 278, "label": "Wet'suwet'en"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "152", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bark used for medicine.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"}