{"id": 4182, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 24, "label": "Cahuilla"}, "source": {"value": 31, "label": "bs72"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves used for stomach ailments.", "rawsource": "Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"}
{"id": 4183, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 49, "label": "Concow"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Plant eaten to cause vomiting.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4184, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "252", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruit eaten in small quantities.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"}
{"id": 4185, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 52, "label": "Cowichan"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "82", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 82, "label": "Burn Dressing"}, "notes": "Leaves used for burns.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82"}
{"id": 4186, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 52, "label": "Cowichan"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "82", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark used for cuts and wounds.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82"}
{"id": 4187, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 52, "label": "Cowichan"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "82", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 87, "label": "Misc. Disease Remedy"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark used for diabetes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82"}
{"id": 4188, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 52, "label": "Cowichan"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "82", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 329, "label": "Preservative"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used for tanning paddles and fishhooks.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82"}
{"id": 4189, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 94, "label": "Hoh"}, "source": {"value": 77, "label": "r36"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves sometimes smoked.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"}
{"id": 4190, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "387", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 12, "label": "Ceremonial Medicine"}, "notes": "Leaves used in the puberty ceremony.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"}
{"id": 4191, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 51, "label": "Snow Gear"}, "notes": "Bark used by children as sleds.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"}
{"id": 4192, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Wood used for carving, will not split when dry.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"}
{"id": 4193, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "387", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Berries steamed, dried and stored for future use.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"}
{"id": 4194, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "387", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 66, "label": "Frozen Food"}, "notes": "Berries steamed, dried, stored and soaked in warm water before eating.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"}
{"id": 4195, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries used for food.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"}
{"id": 4196, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "387", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves placed over maple leaves in earth oven, forming last layer before oven covered with earth.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"}
{"id": 4197, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "387", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used to cover stored madrono berries.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"}
{"id": 4198, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 28, "label": "Hunting & Fishing Item"}, "notes": "Berries used as bait for steelhead.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"}
{"id": 4199, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Leaves used to test the temperature of pitch used in canoe construction. The pitch was ready to use when the leaf turned black.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"}
{"id": 4200, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Wood used for lodge poles.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4201, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "Fruits eaten by deer.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4202, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "Leaves eaten by cows when green grass scarce.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4203, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "White, globular flowers eaten by doves, wild pigeons and turkeys.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4204, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 38, "label": "Decorations"}, "notes": "Leaves and scarlet berries used for decorative purposes.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4205, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 164, "label": "Stable Gear"}, "notes": "Wood used to make stirrups.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4206, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make saw handles and other tools.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4207, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 144, "label": "Miwok"}, "source": {"value": 100, "label": "bg33"}, "pageno": "161", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 130, "label": "Dietary Aid"}, "notes": "Cider employed as an appetizer to create appetite.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161"}
{"id": 4208, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 144, "label": "Miwok"}, "source": {"value": 100, "label": "bg33"}, "pageno": "161162", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Cider used for stomach trouble. Manzanita cider was dipped with a plume stick from a hawk's tail feather; beverage was sucked from the feathers and was said to create appetite as well as cure stomach troubles.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161162"}
{"id": 4209, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 144, "label": "Miwok"}, "source": {"value": 100, "label": "bg33"}, "pageno": "161162", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed for stomachache and cramps.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161162"}
{"id": 4210, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 144, "label": "Miwok"}, "source": {"value": 100, "label": "bg33"}, "pageno": "161", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 27, "label": "Beverage"}, "notes": "Berries crushed for sweet, unfermented cider.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161"}
{"id": 4211, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 144, "label": "Miwok"}, "source": {"value": 100, "label": "bg33"}, "pageno": "161", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 59, "label": "Winter Use Food"}, "notes": "Dried berries stored for winter consumption, chewed but never swallowed.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161"}
{"id": 4212, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 80, "label": "g67"}, "pageno": "14", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark used as a wash for skin sores.", "rawsource": "Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"}
{"id": 4213, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruits eaten for food.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4214, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark used as a wash for sores and impetigo.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 67"}
{"id": 4215, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark used by women as an astringent to close the pores and make the skin soft.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 67"}
{"id": 4216, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 133, "label": "Love Medicine"}, "notes": "Flowers used for love charm poisoning.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 67"}
{"id": 4217, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 123, "label": "Throat Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark used as a gargle for sore throat and strep throat.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 67"}
{"id": 4218, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries eaten fresh or roasted.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 67"}
{"id": 4219, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 59, "label": "Winter Use Food"}, "notes": "Berries parched and stored for the winter.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 67"}
{"id": 4220, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Wood used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 67"}
{"id": 4221, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Leaves used for paper dolls for the younger children to play with.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 67"}
{"id": 4222, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 203, "label": "Pomo, Little Lakes"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 21, "label": "Cold Remedy"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves taken as a cold medicine.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4223, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 209, "label": "Quileute"}, "source": {"value": 77, "label": "r36"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Leaves sometimes smoked.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"}
{"id": 4224, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 215, "label": "Saanich"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "82", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 21, "label": "Cold Remedy"}, "notes": "Fresh leaves chewed and juice swallowed for bad colds.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82"}
{"id": 4225, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 215, "label": "Saanich"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "82", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 231, "label": "Preservative"}, "notes": "Bark boiled and used for tanning paddles and fishhooks.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82"}
{"id": 4226, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "82", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Young branches used to make spoons.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82"}
{"id": 4227, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "82", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Young branches used to make gambling sticks.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82"}
{"id": 4228, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 218, "label": "Salish, Cowichan"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 123, "label": "Throat Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed and juice swallowed for sore throat.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"}
{"id": 4229, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 243, "label": "Skokomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 21, "label": "Cold Remedy"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves taken for colds.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"}
{"id": 4230, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 243, "label": "Skokomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves taken for ulcerated stomach.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"}
{"id": 4231, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 243, "label": "Skokomish"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 123, "label": "Throat Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves taken for sore throats.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"}
{"id": 4232, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 266, "label": "Tolowa"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 73, "label": "Clothing"}, "notes": "Inner bark sewn together to make an 'every day dress.'", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"}
{"id": 4233, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 266, "label": "Tolowa"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 51, "label": "Snow Gear"}, "notes": "Bark used by children as sleds.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"}
{"id": 4234, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 266, "label": "Tolowa"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 125, "label": "Jewelry"}, "notes": "Berries used to make necklaces.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"}
{"id": 4235, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 273, "label": "Wailaki"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruits eaten for food.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4236, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 287, "label": "Yuki"}, "source": {"value": 69, "label": "c57ii"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and bark taken for sores and cuts.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 47"}
{"id": 4237, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 287, "label": "Yuki"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Plant eaten to cause vomiting.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4238, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 287, "label": "Yuki"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "374", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark taken for stomachaches.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"}
{"id": 4239, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 287, "label": "Yuki"}, "source": {"value": 69, "label": "c57ii"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 34, "label": "Veterinary Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and bark given to horses with sore backs.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 47"}
{"id": 4240, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 287, "label": "Yuki"}, "source": {"value": 69, "label": "c57ii"}, "pageno": "87", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries used for food.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 87"}
{"id": 4241, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 289, "label": "Yurok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 51, "label": "Snow Gear"}, "notes": "Bark used by children as sleds.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"}
{"id": 4242, "species": {"value": 322, "label": "Arbutus menziesii Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 289, "label": "Yurok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"}