{"id": 27930, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "18", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Inner bark used for food.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"}
{"id": 27931, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "18", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Twigs used as twirling sticks in fire making.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"}
{"id": 27932, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Gum used as a salve or ointment for sores and scabby skin.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 6"}
{"id": 27933, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Pitch used to hold the hair in place.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27934, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 55, "label": "Blue"}, "notes": "Roots used to make a blue dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 6"}
{"id": 27935, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Used to make a dye.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"}
{"id": 27936, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 85, "label": "Candy"}, "notes": "Pitch chewed as a gum.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27937, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Seeds used for food.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 6"}
{"id": 27938, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Young male cones chewed for the juice.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 6"}
{"id": 27939, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 146, "label": "Musical Instrument"}, "notes": "Gum placed inside whistles and flutes to improve their sounds.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 6"}
{"id": 27940, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 146, "label": "Musical Instrument"}, "notes": "Pitch used to make bone and wooden whistles and flutes.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27941, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 47, "label": "Coeur d'Alene"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "91", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Cambium layer used for food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91"}
{"id": 27942, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 47, "label": "Coeur d'Alene"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "90", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Nutlets used for food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"}
{"id": 27943, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 60, "label": "Crow"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 57, "label": "Fasteners"}, "notes": "Pitch used as glue.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27944, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 65, "label": "Diegueno"}, "source": {"value": 85, "label": "hedges86"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 43, "label": "Basketry"}, "notes": "Needles used in making baskets.", "rawsource": "Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29"}
{"id": 27945, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 65, "label": "Diegueno"}, "source": {"value": 85, "label": "hedges86"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Bark used to make shelters for those gathering acorns in the mountains.", "rawsource": "Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man  Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29"}
{"id": 27946, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Poultice of pitch and melted animal tallow or lard used for backache.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27947, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Boughs used in sweat lodges for muscular pain.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27948, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Poultice of pitch and melted animal tallow or lard used for rheumatism.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27949, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Needles jabbed into the scalp for dandruff.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27950, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Pitch warmed and used for boils and carbuncles.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27951, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 22, "label": "Gynecological Aid"}, "notes": "Needles heated and used for faster delivery of the placenta.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27952, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "206", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Nuts roasted and eaten.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206"}
{"id": 27953, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Used for large roof timbers.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63"}
{"id": 27954, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Plant parts smoked ceremonially.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63"}
{"id": 27955, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Used to make ladders.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63"}
{"id": 27956, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 97, "label": "Hualapai"}, "source": {"value": 127, "label": "w82"}, "pageno": "21", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 132, "label": "Cash Crop"}, "notes": "Trees considered a main economic resource for the tribe.", "rawsource": "Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 21"}
{"id": 27957, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 101, "label": "Isleta"}, "source": {"value": 76, "label": "j31"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Wood used to furnish the beams of 'vega poles' of the houses.", "rawsource": "Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37"}
{"id": 27958, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 101, "label": "Isleta"}, "source": {"value": 76, "label": "j31"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Wood used as principal source of firewood.", "rawsource": "Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37"}
{"id": 27959, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 70, "label": "b81"}, "pageno": "45", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 43, "label": "Basketry"}, "notes": "Bigger roots used for basketry.", "rawsource": "Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45"}
{"id": 27960, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "378", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 43, "label": "Basketry"}, "notes": "Root fibers used to make baskets.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378"}
{"id": 27961, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "51", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Needles used as an outer covering for the winterhouse.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 51"}
{"id": 27962, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "51", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Kernels eaten raw.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 51"}
{"id": 27963, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "51", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Branch used to hang the outgrown cradle of a male child so the boy will grow strong like the tree.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 51"}
{"id": 27964, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "51", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Needles used to form a layer in the roasting of the yucca 'heart.'", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 51"}
{"id": 27965, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "89", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 70, "label": "Canoe Material"}, "notes": "Logs used to make boats.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89"}
{"id": 27966, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 186, "label": "c04"}, "pageno": "728", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 70, "label": "Canoe Material"}, "notes": "Single logs used to make dugout canoes.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728"}
{"id": 27967, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "89", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 7, "label": "Sauce & Relish"}, "notes": "Cambium layer scraped off and eaten as a relish.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89"}
{"id": 27968, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "89", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 113, "label": "Starvation Food"}, "notes": "Cambium layer scraped off and eaten in time of famine.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89"}
{"id": 27969, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "89", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Sweet layer between bark and sap wood scraped and used for food.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89"}
{"id": 27970, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 186, "label": "c04"}, "pageno": "735", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Dried needles stuffed loosely between cross sticks and lighted to ignite them.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 735"}
{"id": 27971, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 132, "label": "Maidu"}, "source": {"value": 162, "label": "sk58"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 43, "label": "Basketry"}, "notes": "Roots used as the overlay twine warps and overlay twine weft bases in the manufacture of baskets.", "rawsource": "Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"}
{"id": 27972, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "307", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Wood used for lodge poles.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"}
{"id": 27973, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "307", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 57, "label": "Fasteners"}, "notes": "Pitch used for the adhesive qualities.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"}
{"id": 27974, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "307", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Wood used for fuel.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307"}
{"id": 27975, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 140, "label": "Mewuk"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "346", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Branches with tips down used to hang from the top of acorn caches to keep out the rain in winter.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 346"}
{"id": 27976, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 144, "label": "Miwok"}, "source": {"value": 100, "label": "bg33"}, "pageno": "150", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Cones' extracted nuts gathered, dried in the sun and eaten.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 150"}
{"id": 27977, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "18", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Most important lumber tree in the state.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18"}
{"id": 27978, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "18", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 70, "label": "Canoe Material"}, "notes": "Trunks hollowed by fire to make dugouts.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18"}
{"id": 27979, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "18", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Inner bark eaten in the spring.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18"}
{"id": 27980, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Inner bark formerly used for food.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27981, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "18", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Twigs used for twirling sticks in fire production.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18"}
{"id": 27982, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 12, "label": "Ceremonial Medicine"}, "notes": "Pollen used in the 'Night Chant' medicine.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23"}
{"id": 27983, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13, 14", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 12, "label": "Ceremonial Medicine"}, "notes": "Cones with seeds removed used as a ceremonial medicine.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13, 14"}
{"id": 27984, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13, 14", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 12, "label": "Ceremonial Medicine"}, "notes": "Needles used as a ceremonial emetic.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13, 14"}
{"id": 27985, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13, 14", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 9, "label": "Cough Medicine"}, "notes": "Compound decoction of needles taken for bad coughs and fever.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13, 14"}
{"id": 27986, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13, 14", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Needles used as a ceremonial emetic.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13, 14"}
{"id": 27987, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13, 14", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 45, "label": "Febrifuge"}, "notes": "Compound decoction of needles taken for fever and bad cough.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13, 14"}
{"id": 27988, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Branches often used to cover a sweathouse.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"}
{"id": 27989, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Wood used for hogans, fence posts and corral construction.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"}
{"id": 27990, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 109, "label": "Furniture"}, "notes": "Wood used to make boards and cradle bow of the two board type of baby cradle. A young tree, in an area where few people go and therefore not likely to be cut down, is selected, corn pollen is sprinkled on it from the bottom upward, and a solid piece is taken from the east side.  As the cradle is made, prayers are said but no songs sung.  If the first baby is a boy, the top tips of the boards are truncated, if it is a girl, they are pointed; thereafter either kind can be used for either sex and the cradle is saved for later children unless the baby dies.  The cradle is rubbed with red ochre and tallow to protect if from evil spirits who never use red paint.  Formerly, a buckskin covering was used over the top but now a blanket is considered better.  The footboard is moved down as the baby grows and the cradle is discarded when the baby begins to walk.  Small branches of a tree from which squirrels have gnawed the bark are tied together in a row about five inches long and tied to the cradle to keep the baby from hurting himself (until he is three years old).  Dirt from a spot where a squirrel has landed on the ground is placed in a buckskin bag and attached to the sticks as an additional precaution (effective even when the baby is grown).", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"}
{"id": 27991, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 51, "label": "Snow Gear"}, "notes": "Wood slabs tied together with yucca fiber used as snowshoes.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"}
{"id": 27992, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bark eaten raw.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"}
{"id": 27993, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark used to make containers for sand painting pigments.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"}
{"id": 27994, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Wood used for firewood.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"}
{"id": 27995, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 164, "label": "Stable Gear"}, "notes": "Wood used to make saddle horns, pommel and back.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13"}
{"id": 27996, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 162, "label": "Nez Perce"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 57, "label": "Fasteners"}, "notes": "Pitch used as glue.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27997, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 162, "label": "Nez Perce"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 145, "label": "Lighting"}, "notes": "Pitch used to make torches.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50"}
{"id": 27998, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 84, "label": "Abortifacient"}, "notes": "Green buds never chewed by pregnant women because it would cause a miscarriage.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 27999, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 111, "label": "Antihemorrhagic"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant tops taken for internal hemorrhaging.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28000, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of pitch applied to boils.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28001, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 25, "label": "Eye Medicine"}, "notes": "Infusion of dried buds used as an eyewash.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28002, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 45, "label": "Febrifuge"}, "notes": "Decoction of plant tops taken for high fevers.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28003, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Good medicine for the stomach.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28004, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 89, "label": "Witchcraft Medicine"}, "notes": "Needles spread on the floor of the sweathouse to fight off 'plhax,' witchcraft.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28005, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Needles used as insulation for underground storage pits.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28006, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 70, "label": "Canoe Material"}, "notes": "Wood used to make dugout canoes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28007, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 85, "label": "Candy"}, "notes": "Green buds chewed and the juice sucked by children.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28008, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 85, "label": "Candy"}, "notes": "Pitch used as chewing gum.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28009, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 66, "label": "Frozen Food"}, "notes": "Cambium frozen for future use.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28010, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Cambium used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28011, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Seeds eaten like nuts.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28012, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 59, "label": "Winter Use Food"}, "notes": "Seeds stored for winter use.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28013, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Smoldering cones thrown into the air in the direction of rain clouds to make the rain stop.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28014, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 57, "label": "Fasteners"}, "notes": "Pitch used to cement feathers onto arrow shafts.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28015, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 144, "label": "Hide Preparation"}, "notes": "Rotten wood used for smoking deer hides.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 28016, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 25, "label": "Eye Medicine"}, "notes": "Decoction of gum used as an ointment for sore eyes.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"}
{"id": 28017, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Cambium layer used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 28018, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Nutlets or seeds used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 28019, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "39", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Seeds used for food.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"}
{"id": 28020, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of dry, chewed pitch used on boils.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40"}
{"id": 28021, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Bark used to make houses.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40"}
{"id": 28022, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 85, "label": "Candy"}, "notes": "Dried pitch used as chewing gum.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40"}
{"id": 28023, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Inner bark sun dried and stored.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40"}
{"id": 28024, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Inner bark eaten fresh and raw.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40"}
{"id": 28025, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Seeds used for food.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40"}
{"id": 28026, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 57, "label": "Fasteners"}, "notes": "Pitch used as glue in arrow making and other manufactures.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40"}
{"id": 28027, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 320, "label": "Preservative"}, "notes": "Pitch used to protect pictures painted on rocks.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40"}
{"id": 28028, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 154, "label": "Waterproofing Agent"}, "notes": "Melted pitch used to waterproof the outside of water jugs woven of willow.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40"}
{"id": 28029, "species": {"value": 2968, "label": "Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson"}, "tribe": {"value": 226, "label": "Sanpoil and Nespelem"}, "source": {"value": 44, "label": "r32"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Cambium layer eaten raw. This was an important food.  The bark was removed in sections with the aid of wooden wedges.  Sap scrapers were made from the rib of the deer by cutting it to an appropriate length, sharpening the edges and rounding the working end.", "rawsource": "Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103"}