{"id": 27385, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Compound containing gum used as poultice on arms for rheumatism.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27386, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Gum applied to cuts and chewed gum applied to broken skin.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27387, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 104, "label": "Heart Medicine"}, "notes": "Compound containing gum used as poultice on chest for heart trouble.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27388, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 49, "label": "Tuberculosis Remedy"}, "notes": "Decoction of gum taken for consumption.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27389, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "73", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 49, "label": "Tuberculosis Remedy"}, "notes": "Infusion of pitch taken for tubercular coughs. Here is a fine example of the origin and use of a 'personal medicine' which was later expanded to include general therapeutic practice.  There was once a woman named Last Calf who was riddled with tuberculosis.  While she and her husband were camped near a beaver lodge, she noticed the animal's tracks in the mud and left some food for it.  The beaver took the gift and returned the favor by appearing to her in a vision.  He gave her a cure for tuberculosis.  She was to collect the pitch of the lodgepole pine, boil it in water and drink the infusion while uttering a special song.  (The song had no words.)  Last Calf's husband was alarmed at this treatment and cautioned her against poisoning but she went ahead and drank the brew.  She said she felt as though she were going to die and began vomiting profusely.  She drank again with the same result, but the next morning her chest was cleared as never before.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73"}
{"id": 27390, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "116", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Wood used to make travois and tipi poles.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"}
{"id": 27391, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "116", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 109, "label": "Furniture"}, "notes": "Wood used to make back rest poles and bed supports. The back rest poles were cut about five forearms in length and dried over a fire of rotten logs.  One end of the pole was perforated and the other end sharpened.  Then a stick was inserted through the hole and the pole etched.  Later it was painted red and blue with buffalo shoulder blade applicators.  Back rest poles were often notched to record the number of camp moves.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"}
{"id": 27392, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "104", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 85, "label": "Candy"}, "notes": "Pitch chewed like gum.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"}
{"id": 27393, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "116", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Wood burls scraped with a rough stone, grease applied to prevent cracking and made into a bowl.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"}
{"id": 27394, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "116", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 57, "label": "Fasteners"}, "notes": "Resin boiled with buffalo phallus and used as a glue for headdresses and bows.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"}
{"id": 27395, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "116", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 57, "label": "Fasteners"}, "notes": "Sticks notched to act as fasteners on designated food storage bags.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"}
{"id": 27396, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "116", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 146, "label": "Musical Instrument"}, "notes": "Used to make wind chimes and presented to newly married couples.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"}
{"id": 27397, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "116", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Wood used to make story sticks. Story sticks were prepared by older men and presented to children in return for favors.  The sticks were notched to count the number of stories that the man would tell the child.  They were often varnished with a solution of boiled hoof and steer phallus and sometimes red ochre was added.  Then the stick was polished with a piece of rawhide.  Story sticks were sometimes used to hang tipi doors.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"}
{"id": 27398, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "116", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 154, "label": "Waterproofing Agent"}, "notes": "Resin boiled with buffalo phallus and applied to moccasins for waterproofing.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"}
{"id": 27399, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 28, "label": "Carrier, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Compound decoction of needle tips taken for paralysis and body sores.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27400, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 28, "label": "Carrier, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 25, "label": "Eye Medicine"}, "notes": "Gum painted on eye 'to remove white scum' and for snowblindness.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27401, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 28, "label": "Carrier, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 39, "label": "Orthopedic Aid"}, "notes": "Compound decoction of needle tips taken for paralysis, weakness or sores.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27402, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 28, "label": "Carrier, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 90, "label": "Stimulant"}, "notes": "Compound decoction of needle tips taken for constitutional weakness.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27403, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 29, "label": "Carrier, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Decoction of new shoots taken for stomach pain.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27404, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 29, "label": "Carrier, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of new shoots taken for stomach pain.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27405, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Trunks used for tipi poles.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 6"}
{"id": 27406, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Used for tipi poles.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"}
{"id": 27407, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 47, "label": "Coeur d'Alene"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "91", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Cambium layer used for food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91"}
{"id": 27408, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 94, "label": "s73"}, "pageno": "331", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 21, "label": "Cold Remedy"}, "notes": "Juice taken for colds.", "rawsource": "Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 331"}
{"id": 27409, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 94, "label": "s73"}, "pageno": "331", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 9, "label": "Cough Medicine"}, "notes": "Juice taken for coughs.", "rawsource": "Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 331"}
{"id": 27410, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 67, "label": "Eskimo, Alaska"}, "source": {"value": 94, "label": "s73"}, "pageno": "331", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Sap used as a medicine.", "rawsource": "Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 331"}
{"id": 27411, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 82, "label": "Burn Dressing"}, "notes": "Poultice of heated sap and bone marrow used for burns.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52"}
{"id": 27412, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of sap, red axle grease and Climax chewing tobacco used for boils.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52"}
{"id": 27413, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 85, "label": "Candy"}, "notes": "Pitchy secretions chewed as gum.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52"}
{"id": 27414, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Inner bark used for food.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52"}
{"id": 27415, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 76, "label": "Flathead"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Seeds used for food.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52"}
{"id": 27416, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 11, "label": "Blood Medicine"}, "notes": "Inner bark eaten as a blood purifier and used as a cathartic.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27417, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 29, "label": "Cathartic"}, "notes": "Needles or inner bark eaten or decoction of inner bark taken as a purgative.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27418, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 117, "label": "Diuretic"}, "notes": "Needles eaten or decoction of inner bark taken as a purgative and diuretic.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27419, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "152", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 69, "label": "Tonic"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark used as a tonic.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"}
{"id": 27420, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 49, "label": "Tuberculosis Remedy"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark taken for consumption and gonorrhea.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27421, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "152", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bark used for medicines.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"}
{"id": 27422, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 46, "label": "Venereal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark taken for gonorrhea and other 'serious ailments.'", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27423, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "151", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Sap eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 151"}
{"id": 27424, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 85, "label": "Candy"}, "notes": "Pitch chewed like gum.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44"}
{"id": 27425, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 57, "label": "Fasteners"}, "notes": "Pitch used on joints of implements, arrows and harpoons, before bound with twine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44"}
{"id": 27426, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 180, "label": "Preservative"}, "notes": "Chewed pitch sprayed onto mats to preserve them.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44"}
{"id": 27427, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 120, "label": "Kutenai"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 49, "label": "Tuberculosis Remedy"}, "notes": "Inner bark eaten for tuberculosis.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52"}
{"id": 27428, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 120, "label": "Kutenai"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Inner bark used for food.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52"}
{"id": 27429, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "269", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 9, "label": "Cough Medicine"}, "notes": "Decoction of buds and pitch taken for coughs.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"}
{"id": 27430, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "269", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of buds and pitch taken for stomachaches.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"}
{"id": 27431, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "296", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make fire tongs.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"}
{"id": 27432, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "296", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make cedar bark peelers, digging sticks and board bending tools.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"}
{"id": 27433, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 151, "label": "Montana Indian"}, "source": {"value": 30, "label": "h92"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Poles used to make the foundations for tipis.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52"}
{"id": 27434, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "73", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Wood used to make small totem poles and model canoes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"}
{"id": 27435, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "28", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Cambium layer eaten for stomach troubles such as ulcers.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"}
{"id": 27436, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "28", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of sap taken for ulcers.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"}
{"id": 27437, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "28", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 123, "label": "Throat Aid"}, "notes": "Pitch sucked and juice swallowed for sore throats.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"}
{"id": 27438, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "28", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "Cambium layer eaten by grizzly bears.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"}
{"id": 27439, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "28", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Cambium layer used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"}
{"id": 27440, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "28", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Wood placed in a basket of water to bring rain and pine cones burned to stop rain.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"}
{"id": 27441, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "28", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Bark used to make temporary, berry picking containers.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"}
{"id": 27442, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "28", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 115, "label": "Season Indicator"}, "notes": "Pollen cone ripening used as an indication that the cambium was ready to harvest.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"}
{"id": 27443, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 21, "label": "Cold Remedy"}, "notes": "Gum used for colds.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"}
{"id": 27444, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 9, "label": "Cough Medicine"}, "notes": "Gum used for coughs.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"}
{"id": 27445, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 39, "label": "Orthopedic Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark gum and fat rubbed on the body for muscle and joint aches.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"}
{"id": 27446, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 123, "label": "Throat Aid"}, "notes": "Gum used for sore throats.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"}
{"id": 27447, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "239", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Cambium layer used as a principle food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"}
{"id": 27448, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Cambium layer and sap used for food.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"}
{"id": 27449, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 210, "label": "Quinault"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of pitch applied to open sores.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"}
{"id": 27450, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 210, "label": "Quinault"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 123, "label": "Throat Aid"}, "notes": "Buds chewed for sore throats.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17"}
{"id": 27451, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Sap mixed with deer tallow and used for psoriasis and other diseases.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69"}
{"id": 27452, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "70", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 87, "label": "Misc. Disease Remedy"}, "notes": "Sap mixed with deer tallow and used for psoriasis and other diseases.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70"}
{"id": 27453, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "70", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 2, "label": "Bread & Cake"}, "notes": "Juicy inner bark dried in cakes and used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70"}
{"id": 27454, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "70", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Juicy inner bark eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70"}
{"id": 27455, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "70", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 57, "label": "Fasteners"}, "notes": "Pitch used to fasten arrowheads onto shafts.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70"}
{"id": 27456, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 233, "label": "Shuswap"}, "source": {"value": 92, "label": "palmer75"}, "pageno": "51", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 9, "label": "Cough Medicine"}, "notes": "Infusion of inner bark taken for coughs.", "rawsource": "Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"}
{"id": 27457, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 233, "label": "Shuswap"}, "source": {"value": 92, "label": "palmer75"}, "pageno": "51", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 49, "label": "Tuberculosis Remedy"}, "notes": "Infusion of inner bark taken for tuberculosis.", "rawsource": "Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"}
{"id": 27458, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 233, "label": "Shuswap"}, "source": {"value": 92, "label": "palmer75"}, "pageno": "51", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Inner bark used for food.", "rawsource": "Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"}
{"id": 27459, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 236, "label": "Sikani"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "49, 50", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 9, "label": "Cough Medicine"}, "notes": "Pitch chewed and saliva swallowed for a cough.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50"}
{"id": 27460, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 250, "label": "Spokan"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "344", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Cambium used for food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 344"}
{"id": 27461, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "461", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Salve of boiled sap and grease applied for pains.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"}
{"id": 27462, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "461", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Salve of boiled sap and grease applied for rheumatism.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"}
{"id": 27463, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 21, "label": "Cold Remedy"}, "notes": "Gum used for colds.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"}
{"id": 27464, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "461", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 21, "label": "Cold Remedy"}, "notes": "Salve of boiled sap and grease used for colds.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"}
{"id": 27465, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 9, "label": "Cough Medicine"}, "notes": "Gum used for coughs.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"}
{"id": 27466, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "461", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 9, "label": "Cough Medicine"}, "notes": "Salve of boiled sap and grease used for coughs.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"}
{"id": 27467, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Pitch mixed with bear tallow, rose petals and red ochre and used as face cream or for blemishes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 27468, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Pitch used as a sort of 'cold cream' with disinfectant properties.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 27469, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "504", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 129, "label": "Disinfectant"}, "notes": "Salve of resin with animal fat applied to body as a purifier after sweatbath.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504"}
{"id": 27470, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 87, "label": "Misc. Disease Remedy"}, "notes": "Infusion of twigs with needles attached used for influenza.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 27471, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 39, "label": "Orthopedic Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark gum and fat rubbed on the body for muscle and joint aches.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"}
{"id": 27472, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "461", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 39, "label": "Orthopedic Aid"}, "notes": "Salve of boiled sap and grease applied for muscle and joint soreness.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"}
{"id": 27473, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 42, "label": "Pediatric Aid"}, "notes": "Pitch mixed with bear tallow, rose petals and red ochre and rubbed on the skin of newborn babies.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 27474, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "461", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 48, "label": "Pulmonary Aid"}, "notes": "Salve of boiled sap and grease applied to back and chest for congestion.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"}
{"id": 27475, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 123, "label": "Throat Aid"}, "notes": "Gum used for sore throats.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"}
{"id": 27476, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "461", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 123, "label": "Throat Aid"}, "notes": "Salve of boiled sap and grease used for sore throats.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"}
{"id": 27477, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Delimbed trunks used as framework poles for traditional sleeping platforms.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 27478, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 27, "label": "Beverage"}, "notes": "Needles used to make a tea like beverage.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 27479, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 27, "label": "Beverage"}, "notes": "Twigs with needles attached used to make a tea like beverage.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 27480, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 85, "label": "Candy"}, "notes": "Young shoots of branches chewed for the honey.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 27481, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Cambium and adjacent phloem tissue dried for winter use.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 27482, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Cambium and adjacent phloem tissue eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"}
{"id": 27483, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "38", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Cambium layer and sap used for food.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"}
{"id": 27484, "species": {"value": 2953, "label": "Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud."}, "tribe": {"value": 265, "label": "Tlingit"}, "source": {"value": 133, "label": "k56"}, "pageno": "283", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 46, "label": "Venereal Aid"}, "notes": "Compound infusion of sprouts and bark taken for syphilis.", "rawsource": "Krause, Aurel, 1956, The Tlingit Indians. Translated by Erna Gunther, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 283"}