{"id": 16773, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 4, "label": "Alaska Native"}, "source": {"value": 132, "label": "h53"}, "pageno": "133", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Inner stem pulp eaten raw and often dipped in seal oil.", "rawsource": "Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 133"}
{"id": 16774, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 5, "label": "Aleut"}, "source": {"value": 130, "label": "bt53"}, "pageno": "427", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 21, "label": "Cold Remedy"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make a tonic for colds.", "rawsource": "Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"}
{"id": 16775, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 5, "label": "Aleut"}, "source": {"value": 130, "label": "bt53"}, "pageno": "425", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of heated leaves applied to minor cuts.", "rawsource": "Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 425"}
{"id": 16776, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 5, "label": "Aleut"}, "source": {"value": 130, "label": "bt53"}, "pageno": "425", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 39, "label": "Orthopedic Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of heated leaves applied to sore muscles.", "rawsource": "Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 425"}
{"id": 16777, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 5, "label": "Aleut"}, "source": {"value": 130, "label": "bt53"}, "pageno": "427", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 123, "label": "Throat Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make a soothing drink for sore throats.", "rawsource": "Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"}
{"id": 16778, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 9, "label": "Anticosti"}, "source": {"value": 150, "label": "r46"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "Whole plant eaten by cows.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 67"}
{"id": 16779, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Poultice of compound containing roots used for lung or hip pains.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"}
{"id": 16780, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Compound infusion of root used as poultice for pains like rheumatism.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"}
{"id": 16781, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "201", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of crushed and cooked roots applied to boils.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"}
{"id": 16782, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of crushed, boiled root, baked root or raw root applied to boils.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"}
{"id": 16783, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 39, "label": "Orthopedic Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of compound containing roots used for hip pains.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"}
{"id": 16784, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 48, "label": "Pulmonary Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of compound containing roots used for lung pains.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"}
{"id": 16785, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "201", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Young stems peeled and eaten with grease.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"}
{"id": 16786, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 68, "label": "Antidiarrheal"}, "notes": "Infusion of fresh, young stems taken for diarrhea.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"}
{"id": 16787, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "76", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of young stems applied in the removal of warts.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"}
{"id": 16788, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 146, "label": "j87"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of roots applied to bruises and chronic swellings.", "rawsource": "Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"}
{"id": 16789, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 56, "label": "Soup"}, "notes": "Stem pieces dipped in blood, stored and used to make soup and broths.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"}
{"id": 16790, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 42, "label": "m09"}, "pageno": "277", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Stalks roasted over hot coals and eaten.", "rawsource": "McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"}
{"id": 16791, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "103", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Young plant stems peeled and eaten like celery.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"}
{"id": 16792, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 111, "label": "m90"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Stalk placed on altar of Sun Dance ceremonial.", "rawsource": "Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 50"}
{"id": 16793, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 42, "label": "m09"}, "pageno": "277", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Stalks placed on the altar of the Sun Dance ceremonial.", "rawsource": "McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"}
{"id": 16794, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "113", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Hollow stems used by infirm people to suck soup and stew without raising up.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"}
{"id": 16795, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "113", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 146, "label": "Musical Instrument"}, "notes": "Hollow stems used to make children's flutes.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"}
{"id": 16796, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "113", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Hollow stems used to make children's toy blowguns.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"}
{"id": 16797, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 25, "label": "California Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 92, "label": "Antirheumatic (Internal)"}, "notes": "Strong decoction of root used for rheumatism.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13"}
{"id": 16798, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 25, "label": "California Indian"}, "source": {"value": 73, "label": "b05"}, "pageno": "13", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Young, raw shoots eaten like celery.", "rawsource": "Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13"}
{"id": 16799, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 27, "label": "Carrier"}, "source": {"value": 134, "label": "c73"}, "pageno": "82", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Poultice of ground roots applied for rheumatism.", "rawsource": "Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 82"}
{"id": 16800, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 27, "label": "Carrier"}, "source": {"value": 134, "label": "c73"}, "pageno": "82", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Young growth used for food.", "rawsource": "Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 82"}
{"id": 16801, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 28, "label": "Carrier, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of root applied to swellings and bruises.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"}
{"id": 16802, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 29, "label": "Carrier, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 76, "label": "Insecticide"}, "notes": "Infusion of blossoms rubbed on body to keep off flies and mosquitoes.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"}
{"id": 16803, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 146, "label": "Musical Instrument"}, "notes": "Hollow stems made into whistles and used for romantic purposes at night.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 40"}
{"id": 16804, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "350", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of boiled or dried root and flowers applied to boils.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 350"}
{"id": 16805, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 38, "label": "Chippewa"}, "source": {"value": 4, "label": "d28"}, "pageno": "342", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 123, "label": "Throat Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of root gargled or dried root chewed for ulcerated sore throat.", "rawsource": "Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"}
{"id": 16806, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 47, "label": "Coeur d'Alene"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "91", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Growing stalks used for food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91"}
{"id": 16807, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "251", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Boiled roots and foliage used for food.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251"}
{"id": 16808, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 54, "label": "Cree"}, "source": {"value": 145, "label": "b41"}, "pageno": "492", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Powdered roots & lard used as an ointment or poultice of root paste applied to boils and swellings.", "rawsource": "Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 492"}
{"id": 16809, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 54, "label": "Cree"}, "source": {"value": 145, "label": "b41"}, "pageno": "491", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 13, "label": "Poison"}, "notes": "Plant considered poisonous.", "rawsource": "Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 491"}
{"id": 16810, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 54, "label": "Cree"}, "source": {"value": 145, "label": "b41"}, "pageno": "491", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 71, "label": "Toothache Remedy"}, "notes": "Root held on the sore tooth for toothaches.", "rawsource": "Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 491"}
{"id": 16811, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 54, "label": "Cree"}, "source": {"value": 145, "label": "b41"}, "pageno": "494", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 46, "label": "Venereal Aid"}, "notes": "Powdered roots & lard used as ointment or root paste poultice applied to venereal disease chancres.", "rawsource": "Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 494"}
{"id": 16812, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Decoction of root, calamus and yellow pond lily used as a wash for severe headaches.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"}
{"id": 16813, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Poultice of ground root, calamus and yellow pond lily applied to the head for severe headaches.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"}
{"id": 16814, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Decoction of root, calamus and yellow pond lily used as a wash for painful limbs.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"}
{"id": 16815, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Poultice of ground root, calamus and yellow pond lily applied to painful limbs.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"}
{"id": 16816, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of root, calamus root and yellow pond lily root applied to mancos, worms in the flesh.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"}
{"id": 16817, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Leaf petiole peeled and eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"}
{"id": 16818, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "40", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Pith scraped out of the roasted, main stem and eaten.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"}
{"id": 16819, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 165, "label": "ga88"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Poultice of fresh roots used for rheumatism.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25"}
{"id": 16820, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Poultice of mashed root applied to rheumatic or other swellings.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"}
{"id": 16821, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of mashed root applied to boils and other swellings.", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61"}
{"id": 16822, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 165, "label": "ga88"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 89, "label": "Witchcraft Medicine"}, "notes": "Roots, red elder bark and juniper boughs used as a smudge for evil witchcraft victims.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25"}
{"id": 16823, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 165, "label": "ga88"}, "pageno": "25", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Stalks eaten in spring.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25"}
{"id": 16824, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "154", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Stems used for food in spring.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"}
{"id": 16825, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 86, "label": "Haisla"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "214", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of roots, Indian hellebore and Sitka spruce pitch applied to wounds.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 214"}
{"id": 16826, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 86, "label": "Haisla"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "154", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Stems used for food in spring.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"}
{"id": 16827, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 87, "label": "Haisla and Hanaksiala"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "214", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Petioles considered 'the main food in spring.'", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 214"}
{"id": 16828, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 87, "label": "Haisla and Hanaksiala"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "214", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Plant used to play a game by throwing the plant into a pot.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 214"}
{"id": 16829, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 87, "label": "Haisla and Hanaksiala"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "214", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Stems used to make whistles.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 214"}
{"id": 16830, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "60", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "Young shoots eaten by cattle.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"}
{"id": 16831, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "60", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Raw stalks of young leaves and flower buds eaten with sugar or honey.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"}
{"id": 16832, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 94, "label": "Hoh"}, "source": {"value": 77, "label": "r36"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Young shoots eaten raw as greens.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"}
{"id": 16833, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "400", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Compound infusion of plant used as steam bath for headaches.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"}
{"id": 16834, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "400", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Compound infusion of plant used as steam bath for rheumatism.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"}
{"id": 16835, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "400", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Compound decoction used as wash or poultice applied to chancres or lumps on penis.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"}
{"id": 16836, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "400", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 77, "label": "Diaphoretic"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant used as steambath to sweat out rheumatism and headaches.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"}
{"id": 16837, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "400", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Compound decoction of roots taken for bruises on the back of the stomach.", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"}
{"id": 16838, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 7, "label": "h77"}, "pageno": "400", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 61, "label": "Hunting Medicine"}, "notes": "Decoction of roots used as wash for rifles, a 'hunting medicine.'", "rawsource": "Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"}
{"id": 16839, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 59, "label": "r45ii"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 87, "label": "Misc. Disease Remedy"}, "notes": "Plant used for influenza.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 56"}
{"id": 16840, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "387", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 13, "label": "Poison"}, "notes": "Roots poisonous to cattle.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"}
{"id": 16841, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "387", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 72, "label": "Yellow"}, "notes": "Roots used as a yellow dye for porcupine quills.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"}
{"id": 16842, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "387", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Fresh shoot used for food.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387"}
{"id": 16843, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 112, "label": "Kitasoo"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "326", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Young stems and petioles eaten as a spring vegetable.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 326"}
{"id": 16844, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"}
{"id": 16845, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Young shoots used for food.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"}
{"id": 16846, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "276", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Dried, pounded roots and oil used as a hair ointment.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"}
{"id": 16847, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "276", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 22, "label": "Gynecological Aid"}, "notes": "Dried, pounded roots and oil rubbed on face and waist of girl at puberty.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"}
{"id": 16848, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 121, "label": "Kwakiutl"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "276", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 42, "label": "Pediatric Aid"}, "notes": "Dried, pounded roots and oil rubbed on face and waist of girl at puberty.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"}
{"id": 16849, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "276", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Young stems and petioles peeled and eaten raw like celery.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"}
{"id": 16850, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "293", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 25, "label": "Eye Medicine"}, "notes": "Heated poultice of leaves applied for eye problems.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"}
{"id": 16851, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "293", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 69, "label": "Tonic"}, "notes": "Used as a spring tonic.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"}
{"id": 16852, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "293", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Central stalk considered strong medicine.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"}
{"id": 16853, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "42", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 43, "label": "Basketry"}, "notes": "Large blossom stems twined with sea weed, made into baskets and used by girls for playing.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42"}
{"id": 16854, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "293", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Fresh petioles peeled, mixed with oil and used for food.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"}
{"id": 16855, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "293", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Plant eaten after peeling.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"}
{"id": 16856, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "293", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Stems considered a favored food.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"}
{"id": 16857, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "42", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Stems used for food.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42"}
{"id": 16858, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "42", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Young tops eaten raw in the spring.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42"}
{"id": 16859, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 134, "label": "Malecite"}, "source": {"value": 93, "label": "mech59"}, "pageno": "256", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 87, "label": "Misc. Disease Remedy"}, "notes": "Infusion of root shoots used for smallpox.", "rawsource": "Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 256"}
{"id": 16860, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 134, "label": "Malecite"}, "source": {"value": 93, "label": "mech59"}, "pageno": "256", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 87, "label": "Misc. Disease Remedy"}, "notes": "Infusion used for cholera.", "rawsource": "Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 256"}
{"id": 16861, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "373", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Tender leaf and flower stalks eaten as green food in spring and early summer.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 373"}
{"id": 16862, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "81", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 61, "label": "Hunting Medicine"}, "notes": "Herb used in the hunting bundle and smudged for four days to remove the charm.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 81"}
{"id": 16863, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 89, "label": "Witchcraft Medicine"}, "notes": "An evil medicine used by sorcerers.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 55"}
{"id": 16864, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "81", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 58, "label": "Protection"}, "notes": "Plant smudged to drive away the evil spirit, whose special mission was to steal one's hunting luck.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 81"}
{"id": 16865, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "249", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Seeds used for severe headache and root used for stomach cramps.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 249"}
{"id": 16866, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "249", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of stems applied to wounds.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 249"}
{"id": 16867, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "249", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Root used for colic or any kind of stomach cramps.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 249"}
{"id": 16868, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "249", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 87, "label": "Misc. Disease Remedy"}, "notes": "Infusion of root used for erysipelas.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 249"}
{"id": 16869, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 139, "label": "Meskwaki"}, "source": {"value": 21, "label": "smith28"}, "pageno": "265", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Potatoes cooked like the rutabaga.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 265"}
{"id": 16870, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 140, "label": "Mewuk"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "366", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Poultice of mashed roots applied to swellings.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 366"}
{"id": 16871, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 140, "label": "Mewuk"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "366", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 87, "label": "Misc. Disease Remedy"}, "notes": "Used for mumps.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 366"}
{"id": 16872, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 140, "label": "Mewuk"}, "source": {"value": 109, "label": "m66"}, "pageno": "366", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Young stems peeled and eaten raw.", "rawsource": "Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 366"}