{"id": 153, "species": {"value": 5, "label": "Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Blister pitch mixed with oil rubbed on the hair and scalp because it smelled nice.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"}
{"id": 154, "species": {"value": 5, "label": "Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Blister pitch mixed with oil rubbed on the scalp to prevent the hair from falling out.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"}
{"id": 155, "species": {"value": 5, "label": "Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 73, "label": "Clothing"}, "notes": "Boughs used by wolf dancers as decorative clothing.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"}
{"id": 156, "species": {"value": 5, "label": "Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "41", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 53, "label": "Incense & Fragrance"}, "notes": "Fragrant boughs placed under bedding as an incense.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"}
{"id": 488, "species": {"value": 26, "label": "Acer macrophyllum Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "60", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "White wood used to make rattles.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"}
{"id": 814, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for any kind of internal pain.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"}
{"id": 815, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 9, "label": "Cough Medicine"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for prolonged cough.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"}
{"id": 816, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for the stomach.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"}
{"id": 817, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 110, "label": "Internal Medicine"}, "notes": "Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for internal organs.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"}
{"id": 1562, "species": {"value": 71, "label": "Adiantum pedatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 62, "label": "Respiratory Aid"}, "notes": "Green fronds chewed for shortness of breath.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 1563, "species": {"value": 71, "label": "Adiantum pedatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 62, "label": "Respiratory Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of dried fronds burned to ashes, mixed with unknown and taken for shortness of breath.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 1564, "species": {"value": 71, "label": "Adiantum pedatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 128, "label": "Strengthener"}, "notes": "Green fronds chewed by dancers in winter for strength and endurance.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 1565, "species": {"value": 71, "label": "Adiantum pedatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 128, "label": "Strengthener"}, "notes": "Infusion of dried fronds burned to ashes, mixed with unknown and taken for strength and endurance. This infusion used especially by dancers in winter.  Hesquiat dancers would take nothing but this medicine on day when they were dancing; it made them 'light on their feet' and helped them continue dancing for a long time without tiring.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 1944, "species": {"value": 114, "label": "Alaria marginata Postels & Ruprecht"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 170, "label": "Sporting Equipment"}, "notes": "Dried stipes use as 'pucks' and hitting sticks. The dried stipes were used to play a beach game, something like hockey.  This game was played in winter on the beach in front of the village.  Large quantities of this seaweed drift ashore at this time.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"}
{"id": 1945, "species": {"value": 114, "label": "Alaria marginata Postels & Ruprecht"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Stipes and fronds with attached herring eggs dried for later use. These strong, tough seaweeds grow in the subtidal and intertidal zones.  Sometimes, herring spawn on the stipes and fronds of these short kelps, and then the plants are gathered and dipped briefly in hot water or dried for later use.  The spawn is taken off the longer types and the alga discarded, or, in the case of the broad, leafy types, the alga is eaten along with the eggs.  If the kelps with spawn are dried first, they are simply soaked in water before being eaten.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"}
{"id": 1962, "species": {"value": 123, "label": "Alectoria sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "17", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "Plant browsed by deer.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"}
{"id": 2506, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 87, "label": "Misc. Disease Remedy"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark used to make a medicine for internal ailments.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"}
{"id": 2507, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 49, "label": "Tuberculosis Remedy"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark used to make a medicine for tuberculosis.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"}
{"id": 2508, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 136, "label": "Red"}, "notes": "Boiled, steeped bark used as a red dye for cedar bark and other items.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"}
{"id": 2509, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 70, "label": "Canoe Material"}, "notes": "Wood used for carved dishes and canoe bailers.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"}
{"id": 2510, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used for carved dishes and canoe bailers.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"}
{"id": 2511, "species": {"value": 172, "label": "Alnus rubra Bong."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 37, "label": "Fuel"}, "notes": "Wood considered a good fuel for smoking fish.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"}
{"id": 2864, "species": {"value": 200, "label": "Ambrosia chamissonis (Less.) Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Children played with stems that exuded a blood-colored juice; looked like they had been injured.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"}
{"id": 2966, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "Berries eaten by bears.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"}
{"id": 2967, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"}
{"id": 3674, "species": {"value": 284, "label": "Anthoxanthum odoratum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "Cattle used this plant for forage.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 56"}
{"id": 4585, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64"}
{"id": 4778, "species": {"value": 363, "label": "Argentina egedii ssp. egedii"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "73", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Boiled or steamed roots eaten with oil or 'stink salmon-eggs.'", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"}
{"id": 6572, "species": {"value": 498, "label": "Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 64, "label": "Cancer Treatment"}, "notes": "Young, unfurling fronds eaten for internal ailments, such as cancer of the womb.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 7368, "species": {"value": 592, "label": "Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 64, "label": "Cancer Treatment"}, "notes": "Leaflets chewed for internal cancer.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 7369, "species": {"value": 592, "label": "Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Fronds used as a good medicine for skin sores. This medicine was first learned about from watching the deer, who rub their antler stubs on this plant when their antlers break off.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 7370, "species": {"value": 592, "label": "Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 113, "label": "Starvation Food"}, "notes": "Young, tender stalks peeled and center portion eaten when hungry and there is nothing to eat.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 7396, "species": {"value": 601, "label": "Boschniakia hookeri Walp."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "70", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 9, "label": "Cough Medicine"}, "notes": "Roots used for coughs.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 70"}
{"id": 7397, "species": {"value": 601, "label": "Boschniakia hookeri Walp."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "70", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Peeled roots eaten raw.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 70"}
{"id": 7578, "species": {"value": 634, "label": "Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 13, "label": "Poison"}, "notes": "Long, sharp-awned fruit were said to be very dangerous if swallowed.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 56"}
{"id": 7839, "species": {"value": 699, "label": "Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 216, "label": "Salish"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"}
{"id": 7859, "species": {"value": 700, "label": "Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "54", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Steamed or boiled bulbs dipped in dogfish oil or whale oil before being eaten.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"}
{"id": 7885, "species": {"value": 700, "label": "Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 216, "label": "Salish"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "54", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"}
{"id": 8054, "species": {"value": 734, "label": "Carex aquatilis var. dives (Holm) K\u0081kenth."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "53", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 43, "label": "Basketry"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make strong handles for baskets and shopping baskets.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"}
{"id": 8080, "species": {"value": 746, "label": "Carex obnupta Bailey"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 43, "label": "Basketry"}, "notes": "Dried, split leaves used to make the finest baskets.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"}
{"id": 8081, "species": {"value": 746, "label": "Carex obnupta Bailey"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "18", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 43, "label": "Basketry"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make fine, closely woven baskets.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 18"}
{"id": 8082, "species": {"value": 746, "label": "Carex obnupta Bailey"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "18", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 73, "label": "Clothing"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make fine, closely woven hats.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 18"}
{"id": 8083, "species": {"value": 746, "label": "Carex obnupta Bailey"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Sharp edged leaves used by men for shaving.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"}
{"id": 9086, "species": {"value": 860, "label": "Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 70, "label": "Canoe Material"}, "notes": "Wood used for making wedge-shaped block for the back of a canoe, used to keep the feet dry.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"}
{"id": 9087, "species": {"value": 860, "label": "Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 73, "label": "Clothing"}, "notes": "Bark softened with special oil and used for weaving capes and other clothing of head chiefs.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"}
{"id": 9088, "species": {"value": 860, "label": "Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 73, "label": "Clothing"}, "notes": "Wood used for making ornamental dishes and headdresses.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"}
{"id": 9089, "species": {"value": 860, "label": "Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 67, "label": "Mats, Rugs & Bedding"}, "notes": "Bark softened with special oil and used for weaving blankets.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"}
{"id": 9090, "species": {"value": 860, "label": "Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "33", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used for making ornamental dishes and headdresses.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"}
{"id": 9920, "species": {"value": 952, "label": "Cirsium brevistylum Cronq."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Flower heads chewed to get the nectar.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"}
{"id": 10039, "species": {"value": 975, "label": "Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Flower heads chewed to get the nectar.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"}
{"id": 10174, "species": {"value": 1008, "label": "Claytonia sibirica var. sibirica"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of chewed leaves used on cuts and sores.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"}
{"id": 10175, "species": {"value": 1008, "label": "Claytonia sibirica var. sibirica"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 25, "label": "Eye Medicine"}, "notes": "Stem juice squeezed into the eye for sore, red eyes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"}
{"id": 10838, "species": {"value": 1091, "label": "Cornus canadensis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 47, "label": "Special Food"}, "notes": "Raw berries eaten with dogfish oil by the elders of the village at a big feast.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"}
{"id": 11049, "species": {"value": 1102, "label": "Cornus sericea ssp. sericea"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 41, "label": "Dessert"}, "notes": "Berries, sugar & water whipped with salal branches until foamy & eaten as a confectionery dessert.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64"}
{"id": 11325, "species": {"value": 1118, "label": "Costaria costata (Turner) Saunders"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 170, "label": "Sporting Equipment"}, "notes": "Dried stipes use as 'pucks' and hitting sticks. The dried stipes were used to play a beach game, something like hockey.  This game was played in winter on the beach in front of the village.  Large quantities of this seaweed drift ashore at this time.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"}
{"id": 11326, "species": {"value": 1118, "label": "Costaria costata (Turner) Saunders"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Stipes and fronds with attached herring eggs dried for later use. These strong, tough seaweeds grow in the subtidal and intertidal zones.  Sometimes, herring spawn on the stipes and fronds of these short kelps, and then the plants are gathered and dipped briefly in hot water or dried for later use.  The spawn is taken off the longer types and the alga discarded, or, in the case of the broad, leafy types, the alga is eaten along with the eggs.  If the kelps with spawn are dried first, they are simply soaked in water before being eaten.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"}
{"id": 12691, "species": {"value": 1335, "label": "Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 64, "label": "Cancer Treatment"}, "notes": "Young shoots used cancer of the womb.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 12954, "species": {"value": 1372, "label": "Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 186, "label": "Fertilizer"}, "notes": "Considered a good fertilizer for potatoes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"}
{"id": 13113, "species": {"value": 1399, "label": "Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "23", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "Plants float upright during high tide and the brant geese like to pick at them.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"}
{"id": 13301, "species": {"value": 1421, "label": "Equisetum arvense L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "28", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Tender, young, vegetative shoots peeled and eaten raw. These shoots are green but have not yet branched out, and the segments are still very close together.  The leaf sheaths were peeled off two at a time and the succulent stems eaten raw.  They were 'nothing but juice.'  The Hesquiat people travelled up towards Esteven Point especially to get these shoots, and sometimes they would collect 20 or more kilograms of them at a time.  When they returned home, the harvesters would call together all their relatives and friends and have a feast of horsetail shoots.  The white, fertile shoots were apparently not eaten, although they are in other areas of the Northwest Coast.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"}
{"id": 14835, "species": {"value": 1632, "label": "Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"}
{"id": 14887, "species": {"value": 1636, "label": "Fragaria vesca L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"}
{"id": 14986, "species": {"value": 1640, "label": "Fragaria virginiana Duchesne"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"}
{"id": 15090, "species": {"value": 1648, "label": "Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 16, "label": "Anthelmintic"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark, infusion of bark or chewed bark used by children for worms.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"}
{"id": 15091, "species": {"value": 1648, "label": "Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark, infusion of bark or chewed bark used for general stomach upset.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"}
{"id": 15092, "species": {"value": 1648, "label": "Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 36, "label": "Laxative"}, "notes": "Decoction of bark, infusion of bark or chewed bark used as a laxative. It was believed that the bigger the tree, the stronger the medicine.  Thick bark from the larger trees was used if a very strong dose was required; thin bark from young trees was used for a mild dose.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"}
{"id": 15093, "species": {"value": 1648, "label": "Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Wood used to make implement handles, especially D-adze handles.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"}
{"id": 15362, "species": {"value": 1668, "label": "Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Bulbs dried for winter use.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"}
{"id": 15363, "species": {"value": 1668, "label": "Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "The first horse seen in the Hesquiat area was said to have eaten mission bells.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"}
{"id": 15364, "species": {"value": 1668, "label": "Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Boiled bulbs eaten with oil.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"}
{"id": 15394, "species": {"value": 1672, "label": "Fucus gardneri Silva"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 186, "label": "Fertilizer"}, "notes": "Seaweed used to fertilize potatoes.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"}
{"id": 15628, "species": {"value": 1703, "label": "Gaultheria shallon Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Dried, caked berries rehydrated and eaten with oil.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"}
{"id": 15629, "species": {"value": 1703, "label": "Gaultheria shallon Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 86, "label": "Spice"}, "notes": "Branches, with leaves attached, layered between fishheads and fish for flavoring.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"}
{"id": 15630, "species": {"value": 1703, "label": "Gaultheria shallon Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Branches, with leaves attached, layered between fishheads and fish to prevent sticking.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"}
{"id": 15631, "species": {"value": 1703, "label": "Gaultheria shallon Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Branches, with leaves attached, used as beaters for whipping soapberries.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"}
{"id": 15632, "species": {"value": 1703, "label": "Gaultheria shallon Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Leaves, folded around like a cone, made a good drinking cup.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"}
{"id": 15897, "species": {"value": 1735, "label": "Geum macrophyllum Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Entire plant, including the roots, eaten as a medicine for stomach pains or excess acid.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"}
{"id": 15898, "species": {"value": 1735, "label": "Geum macrophyllum Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 22, "label": "Gynecological Aid"}, "notes": "Young, small leaves chewed after childbirth to heal the womb.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"}
{"id": 16405, "species": {"value": 1798, "label": "Halosaccion glandiforme (Gmelin) Ruprecht"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Seaweed used as a medicine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"}
{"id": 16830, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "60", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "Young shoots eaten by cattle.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"}
{"id": 16831, "species": {"value": 1851, "label": "Heracleum maximum Bartr."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "60", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Raw stalks of young leaves and flower buds eaten with sugar or honey.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"}
{"id": 17313, "species": {"value": 1904, "label": "Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Plant used to make needles for sewing tule and basket sedge.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"}
{"id": 17337, "species": {"value": 1904, "label": "Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim."}, "tribe": {"value": 167, "label": "Nootka"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "72", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Plant used to make needles and harpoons.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"}
{"id": 18358, "species": {"value": 2042, "label": "Juncus effusus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "54", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Tough, round stems dried, twisted or braided and used for tying and binding.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"}
{"id": 19283, "species": {"value": 2073, "label": "Kalmia polifolia Wangenh."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 13, "label": "Poison"}, "notes": "Leaves could be poisonous and should never be used to make tea.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"}
{"id": 19745, "species": {"value": 2120, "label": "Leathesia difformis (L.) Areschoug"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Used for some kind of medicine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"}
{"id": 19801, "species": {"value": 2125, "label": "Ledum groenlandicum Oeder"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 27, "label": "Beverage"}, "notes": "Toasted, dried leaves brewed or steeped to make tea.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"}
{"id": 19982, "species": {"value": 2152, "label": "Lessoniopsis littoralis (Farlow & Setchell) Reinke"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 170, "label": "Sporting Equipment"}, "notes": "Dried stipes use as 'pucks' and hitting sticks. The dried stipes were used to play a beach game, something like hockey.  This game was played in winter on the beach in front of the village.  Large quantities of this seaweed drift ashore at this time.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"}
{"id": 19983, "species": {"value": 2152, "label": "Lessoniopsis littoralis (Farlow & Setchell) Reinke"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Stipes and fronds with attached herring eggs dried for later use. These strong, tough seaweeds grow in the subtidal and intertidal zones.  Sometimes, herring spawn on the stipes and fronds of these short kelps, and then the plants are gathered and dipped briefly in hot water or dried for later use.  The spawn is taken off the longer types and the alga discarded, or, in the case of the broad, leafy types, the alga is eaten along with the eggs.  If the kelps with spawn are dried first, they are simply soaked in water before being eaten.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"}
{"id": 20109, "species": {"value": 2162, "label": "Leymus mollis ssp. mollis"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "58", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 43, "label": "Basketry"}, "notes": "Tough, coarse leaves used to make handles for bags, but not the bags themselves.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"}
{"id": 21167, "species": {"value": 2265, "label": "Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 161, "label": "Purple"}, "notes": "Mashed berries boiled to make a purple paint.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"}
{"id": 21168, "species": {"value": 2265, "label": "Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "Berries eaten by crows and other birds.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"}
{"id": 21493, "species": {"value": 2321, "label": "Lycopodium clavatum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "29", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 38, "label": "Decorations"}, "notes": "Used by children to make Christmas decorations.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29"}
{"id": 21608, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of cool leaves used for bad burns.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"}
{"id": 21609, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Roots used as a medicine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"}
{"id": 21610, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 5, "label": "Forage"}, "notes": "Roots eaten by deer and bear.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"}
{"id": 21611, "species": {"value": 2337, "label": "Lysichiton americanus Hult\u201an & St. John"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "48", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Leaves used as sheets to dry berries.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"}
{"id": 21753, "species": {"value": 2357, "label": "Macrocystis integrifolia Bory"}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Children threw dried, little floats from blade base onto fire to make them explode; firecrackers.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24"}
{"id": 22047, "species": {"value": 2379, "label": "Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of whole or mashed leaves used for boils and cuts.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"}
{"id": 22048, "species": {"value": 2379, "label": "Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 92, "label": "Hesquiat"}, "source": {"value": 41, "label": "te82"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 49, "label": "Tuberculosis Remedy"}, "notes": "Fruit used as a good medicine for tuberculosis.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"}