{"id": 409, "species": {"value": 20, "label": "Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus var. hirtellus Blake"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "9", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Mashed plant used as a salve for pain.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 9"}
{"id": 1019, "species": {"value": 42, "label": "Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "9", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 114, "label": "Snake Bite Remedy"}, "notes": "Dried, crushed and powdered leaves applied to snake bite wounds.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 9"}
{"id": 44007, "species": {"value": 4227, "label": "Yucca brevifolia Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 43, "label": "Basketry"}, "notes": "Dark red rootstock core used as pattern material in coiled basketry. The core was split into strands, soaked and worked in with the coiling so that the color was always on the outside.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"}
{"id": 44008, "species": {"value": 4227, "label": "Yucca brevifolia Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Fruit pit roasted, mashed, dried and stored for future use. Yucca supplies food in two forms.  In the early spring, the apical meristem--the 'heart' or 'cabbage' --was removed with the aid of an oak or a juniper shaft having a shovel like cutting edge at one end.  The 'cabbage' was roasted in a pit about three feet deep and perhaps five feet in diameter.  A large stone was placed in the center of the pit with smaller stones radiating out from the center.  Firewood--preferably Douglas oak--was thrown in and the hot fire burned for a half-day.  From time to time more stones--and probably wood--were added.  As the fire died down, it was covered with sand or dirt to about ground level, leaving a small aperture in the center.  The sand was tapped down, causing flames to shoot out of the hole.  Then a layer of dry pine needles was put on and the 'cabbages,' having been skinned, placed on top.  Two or three families shared the same oven.  the direction in which 'cabbages' were laid identified the owner.  Another layer of dry pine needles apparently mixed with silky California broom covered the 'cabbages.'  More sand or dirt, patted down and smoothed with a basketry tray, completed the mound, which would now reach a height of five feet but which settled in the roasting process.  The roasting continued for two nights, during which no sexual intercourse was permitted.  Otherwise it was said that 'it won't cook.'  When the 'cabbages' were pulled out, they were so hot they burned the hands.  They were cooled before they were eaten.  To be stored, they were pulled apart, mashed a little and dried.  They could not be dried or stored uncooked.  After storage they were soaked and eaten.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"}
{"id": 44009, "species": {"value": 4227, "label": "Yucca brevifolia Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruit pit roasted and eaten. Yucca supplies food in two forms.  In the early spring, the apical meristem--the 'heart' or 'cabbage' --was removed with the aid of an oak or a juniper shaft having a shovel like cutting edge at one end.  The 'cabbage' was roasted in a pit about three feet deep and perhaps five feet in diameter.  A large stone was placed in the center of the pit with smaller stones radiating out from the center.  Firewood--preferably Douglas oak--was thrown in and the hot fire burned for a half-day.  From time to time more stones--and probably wood--were added.  As the fire died down, it was covered with sand or dirt to about ground level, leaving a small aperture in the center.  The sand was tapped down, causing flames to shoot out of the hole.  Then a layer of dry pine needles was put on and the 'cabbages,' having been skinned, placed on top.  Two or three families shared the same oven.  the direction in which 'cabbages' were laid identified the owner.  Another layer of dry pine needles apparently mixed with silky California broom covered the 'cabbages.'  More sand or dirt, patted down and smoothed with a basketry tray, completed the mound, which would now reach a height of five feet but which settled in the roasting process.  The roasting continued for two nights, during which no sexual intercourse was permitted.  Otherwise it was said that 'it won't cook.'  When the 'cabbages' were pulled out, they were so hot they burned the hands.  They were cooled before they were eaten.  To be stored, they were pulled apart, mashed a little and dried.  They could not be dried or stored uncooked.  After storage they were soaked and eaten.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"}
{"id": 44290, "species": {"value": 4239, "label": "Yucca whipplei var. caespitosa M.E. Jones"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 43, "label": "Basketry"}, "notes": "Split rootstock cores used as pattern material in coiled basketry.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"}
{"id": 44291, "species": {"value": 4239, "label": "Yucca whipplei var. caespitosa M.E. Jones"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Green leaves made into strong cord used to bind the vertical & horizontal poles of the winterhouse.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"}
{"id": 44292, "species": {"value": 4239, "label": "Yucca whipplei var. caespitosa M.E. Jones"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Apical meristems pit roasted, mashed, dried and stored for future use. Yucca supplies food in two forms.  In the early spring, the apical meristem--the 'heart' or 'cabbage' --was removed with the aid of an oak or a juniper shaft having a shovel like cutting edge at one end.  The 'cabbage' was roasted in a pit about three feet deep and perhaps five feet in diameter.  A large stone was placed in the center of the pit with smaller stones radiating out from the center.  Firewood--preferably Douglas oak--was thrown in and the hot fire burned for a half-day.  From time to time more stones--and probably wood--were added.  As the fire died down, it was covered with sand or dirt to about ground level, leaving a small aperture in the center.  The sand was tapped down, causing flames to shoot out of the hole.  Then a layer of dry pine needles was put on and the 'cabbages,' having been skinned, placed on top.  Two or three families shared the same oven.  the direction in which 'cabbages' were laid identified the owner.  Another layer of dry pine needles apparently mixed with silky California broom covered the 'cabbages.'  More sand or dirt, patted down and smoothed with a basketry tray, completed the mound, which would now reach a height of five feet but which settled in the roasting process.  The roasting continued for two nights, during which no sexual intercourse was permitted.  Otherwise it was said that 'it won't cook.'  When the 'cabbages' were pulled out, they were so hot they burned the hands.  They were cooled before they were eaten.  To be stored, they were pulled apart, mashed a little and dried.  They could not be dried or stored uncooked.  After storage they were soaked and eaten.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"}
{"id": 44293, "species": {"value": 4239, "label": "Yucca whipplei var. caespitosa M.E. Jones"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Apical meristems pit roasted and eaten. Yucca supplies food in two forms.  In the early spring, the apical meristem--the 'heart' or 'cabbage' --was removed with the aid of an oak or a juniper shaft having a shovel like cutting edge at one end.  The 'cabbage' was roasted in a pit about three feet deep and perhaps five feet in diameter.  A large stone was placed in the center of the pit with smaller stones radiating out from the center.  Firewood--preferably Douglas oak--was thrown in and the hot fire burned for a half-day.  From time to time more stones--and probably wood--were added.  As the fire died down, it was covered with sand or dirt to about ground level, leaving a small aperture in the center.  The sand was tapped down, causing flames to shoot out of the hole.  Then a layer of dry pine needles was put on and the 'cabbages,' having been skinned, placed on top.  Two or three families shared the same oven.  the direction in which 'cabbages' were laid identified the owner.  Another layer of dry pine needles apparently mixed with silky California broom covered the 'cabbages.'  More sand or dirt, patted down and smoothed with a basketry tray, completed the mound, which would now reach a height of five feet but which settled in the roasting process.  The roasting continued for two nights, during which no sexual intercourse was permitted.  Otherwise it was said that 'it won't cook.'  When the 'cabbages' were pulled out, they were so hot they burned the hands.  They were cooled before they were eaten.  To be stored, they were pulled apart, mashed a little and dried.  They could not be dried or stored uncooked.  After storage they were soaked and eaten.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"}
{"id": 44294, "species": {"value": 4239, "label": "Yucca whipplei var. caespitosa M.E. Jones"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Stalks roasted, peeled and eaten.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"}
{"id": 44295, "species": {"value": 4239, "label": "Yucca whipplei var. caespitosa M.E. Jones"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Small stalk section used as a stopper for the basketry water bottle.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 69"}
{"id": 40665, "species": {"value": 4016, "label": "Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Green leaves eaten raw with salt.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41110, "species": {"value": 4045, "label": "Turricula parryi (Gray) J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves used as a wash for rheumatism.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41111, "species": {"value": 4045, "label": "Turricula parryi (Gray) J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves used as a wash for swellings.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41131, "species": {"value": 4048, "label": "Typha domingensis Pers."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Long leaves used in house construction.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41132, "species": {"value": 4048, "label": "Typha domingensis Pers."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Green seeds used for food.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41133, "species": {"value": 4048, "label": "Typha domingensis Pers."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "White stem bases and brown flowers eaten raw.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41874, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Poultice of leaves applied for headaches.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41875, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Poultice of mashed plant applied to the neck for pain.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41876, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Stems and leaves used as a counterirritant for sore limbs and back.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41877, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "'Children walk through nettles to toughen their skin.'", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41878, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of leaves applied for sores.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41879, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 39, "label": "Orthopedic Aid"}, "notes": "Stems and leaves used as a counterirritant for sore limbs and back.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41880, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 42, "label": "Pediatric Aid"}, "notes": "'Children walk through nettles to prepare them for practice of witchcraft.'", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41881, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 42, "label": "Pediatric Aid"}, "notes": "'Children walk through nettles to toughen their skin.'", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41882, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 42, "label": "Pediatric Aid"}, "notes": "'Younger people walk through nettles to procure dreams.'", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41883, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 60, "label": "Psychological Aid"}, "notes": "'Younger people walk through nettles to procure dreams.'", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41884, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 89, "label": "Witchcraft Medicine"}, "notes": "'Children walk through nettles to prepare them for practice of witchcraft.'", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41885, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 99, "label": "Cordage"}, "notes": "Outer stem layers separated into long strands and two or three twisted into a cord.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41886, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 32, "label": "Containers"}, "notes": "Outer stem layers made into cord and used to make carrying nets.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 41887, "species": {"value": 4060, "label": "Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "68", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 28, "label": "Hunting & Fishing Item"}, "notes": "Outer stem layers made into cord and used to make rabbit nets.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68"}
{"id": 39717, "species": {"value": 3924, "label": "Thalictrum fendleri var. polycarpum Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 13, "label": "Poison"}, "notes": "Root caused death when eaten by cows and horses.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 39753, "species": {"value": 3930, "label": "Thamnosma montana Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Decoction of stems taken for chest pains.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 39754, "species": {"value": 3930, "label": "Thamnosma montana Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 21, "label": "Cold Remedy"}, "notes": "Decoction of stems taken for colds.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 39755, "species": {"value": 3930, "label": "Thamnosma montana Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Crushed stems rubbed into open wounds.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 39756, "species": {"value": 3930, "label": "Thamnosma montana Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 77, "label": "Diaphoretic"}, "notes": "Powdered plant caused men to sweat.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 39757, "species": {"value": 3930, "label": "Thamnosma montana Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 153, "label": "Hallucinogen"}, "notes": "Infusion of plant taken by medicine men 'to go crazy like coyotes.'", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 39758, "species": {"value": 3930, "label": "Thamnosma montana Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 61, "label": "Hunting Medicine"}, "notes": "Powdered plant put in deer tracks as an aid in hunting. This procedure would slow down the deer so that it could be overtaken.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 39759, "species": {"value": 3930, "label": "Thamnosma montana Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 61, "label": "Hunting Medicine"}, "notes": "Powdered plant used as an aid in hunting.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 39760, "species": {"value": 3930, "label": "Thamnosma montana Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 114, "label": "Snake Bite Remedy"}, "notes": "Powdered plant used to keep snakes away.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 39761, "species": {"value": 3930, "label": "Thamnosma montana Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 34, "label": "Veterinary Aid"}, "notes": "Powdered plant caused horses to sweat.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 39762, "species": {"value": 3930, "label": "Thamnosma montana Torr. & Fr\u201am."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 58, "label": "Protection"}, "notes": "Powdered plant kept on one's person to keep snakes away.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 40563, "species": {"value": 3995, "label": "Trichostema lanceolatum Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 21, "label": "Cold Remedy"}, "notes": "Infusion of plants taken for colds.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 40564, "species": {"value": 3995, "label": "Trichostema lanceolatum Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of plants taken for stomachaches.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 40565, "species": {"value": 3995, "label": "Trichostema lanceolatum Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 27, "label": "Beverage"}, "notes": "Leaves used to make a nonmedicinal beverage.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 40566, "species": {"value": 3995, "label": "Trichostema lanceolatum Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "67", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 76, "label": "Insecticide"}, "notes": "Crushed leaves used in bed rolls to discourage fleas.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 67"}
{"id": 1156, "species": {"value": 48, "label": "Achnatherum speciosum (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Seeds used for food. When ripe in June, the grass was cut off in bunches, tied together with stems of the grass and thrown over the shoulder into the carrying basket suspended on one's back.  Two procedures were used in preparing the seeds for food.  First, the grass was spread out on a flat rock, where it was allowed to dry a half day and then threshed by burning.  If the fire burned too quickly, green spear grass was added to slow it down.  The burned stalks were stirred and lifted with a green stick so that the seeds would fall out.  The seeds were gathered and winnowed by being poured from one basket to another.  Boiled, the seeds swelled 'like rice.'  A cupful would fill a pot.  Second, the grass was dried for a day or two and the seeds beaten out.  They would be boiled whole or first pounded to a meal and then cooked.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39410, "species": {"value": 3898, "label": "Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Dried root smoke inhaled for head pains.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39411, "species": {"value": 3898, "label": "Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Dried root smoke used for eye pains.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39412, "species": {"value": 3898, "label": "Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Ground root applied as a salve for aching limbs.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39413, "species": {"value": 3898, "label": "Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Infusion of roots taken for inside pain.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39414, "species": {"value": 3898, "label": "Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 21, "label": "Cold Remedy"}, "notes": "Dried root smoke inhaled for head colds.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39415, "species": {"value": 3898, "label": "Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded roots used as a bath for swollen limbs.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39416, "species": {"value": 3898, "label": "Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 25, "label": "Eye Medicine"}, "notes": "Dried root smoke used for eye pains.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39417, "species": {"value": 3898, "label": "Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 39, "label": "Orthopedic Aid"}, "notes": "Ground root applied as a salve for aching limbs.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39418, "species": {"value": 3898, "label": "Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 39, "label": "Orthopedic Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of pounded roots used as a bath for swollen limbs.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39419, "species": {"value": 3898, "label": "Tauschia parishii (Coult. & Rose) J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 71, "label": "Toothache Remedy"}, "notes": "Mashed, ground root placed on hot rock and cheek laid on rock for toothache.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39639, "species": {"value": 3913, "label": "Tetradymia axillaris A. Nels."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Spines used as tattooing needles.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39670, "species": {"value": 3916, "label": "Tetradymia stenolepis Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Spines used for warts.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 39671, "species": {"value": 3916, "label": "Tetradymia stenolepis Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "66", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 17, "label": "Tools"}, "notes": "Spines used as tattooing needles.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66"}
{"id": 38803, "species": {"value": 3811, "label": "Stachys albens Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 86, "label": "Spice"}, "notes": "Bunched leaves used as 'cork' for the basketry water bottle, 'it gives a good taste to the water.'", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 65"}
{"id": 38836, "species": {"value": 3818, "label": "Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Leaves & stems boiled, squeezed out in cold water to remove the bitterness, fried in grease & eaten.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 65"}
{"id": 38911, "species": {"value": 3828, "label": "Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nels."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 85, "label": "Candy"}, "notes": "Thick liquid used as chewing gum.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 65"}
{"id": 38936, "species": {"value": 3832, "label": "Stephanomeria virgata Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "65", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 25, "label": "Eye Medicine"}, "notes": "Milky plant juice used as an eye medicine.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 65"}
{"id": 13045, "species": {"value": 1388, "label": "Elymus multisetus M.E. Jones"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 44, "label": "Porridge"}, "notes": "Seeds parched, pounded and cooked into a thin mush.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 64"}
{"id": 22153, "species": {"value": 2382, "label": "Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 28, "label": "Hunting & Fishing Item"}, "notes": "Mashed roots used as a fish stupefier. When put in a stream it stunned the fish, which floated on the water.  They were caught in the basket winnower and thrown to the bank.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 64"}
{"id": 38368, "species": {"value": 3731, "label": "Solanum xanti Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of heated plant applied to sores.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 64"}
{"id": 38369, "species": {"value": 3731, "label": "Solanum xanti Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 39, "label": "Orthopedic Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of heated plant applied to swollen leg and shoulder.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 64"}
{"id": 38380, "species": {"value": 3733, "label": "Solidago californica Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and flower used as wash for boils and 'holes' in neck and limbs.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 64"}
{"id": 38381, "species": {"value": 3733, "label": "Solidago californica Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and flowers used as wash for open sores and skin irritations.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 64"}
{"id": 38485, "species": {"value": 3748, "label": "Solidago spectabilis var. confinis (Gray) Cronq."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and flower used as wash for boils and 'holes' in neck and limbs.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 64"}
{"id": 38486, "species": {"value": 3748, "label": "Solidago spectabilis var. confinis (Gray) Cronq."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "64", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and flowers used as wash for open sores and skin irritations.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 64"}
{"id": 37464, "species": {"value": 3608, "label": "Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 43, "label": "Basketry"}, "notes": "Slender rootstock cores used as pattern material for coiled baskets.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"}
{"id": 37491, "species": {"value": 3609, "label": "Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Stems sewn with cord, made into mats and used as interior and exterior walls in house construction.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"}
{"id": 37492, "species": {"value": 3609, "label": "Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 91, "label": "Building Material"}, "notes": "Stems used as wall filler in house construction.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"}
{"id": 37493, "species": {"value": 3609, "label": "Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 4, "label": "Fiber"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 67, "label": "Mats, Rugs & Bedding"}, "notes": "Stems sewn with cord, made into mats & used as rugs, meat platters, cradle linings & sleeping mats.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"}
{"id": 37494, "species": {"value": 3609, "label": "Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Tender, lower portions of the plant eaten raw.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"}
{"id": 37495, "species": {"value": 3609, "label": "Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Used to make images representing the deceased in the ceremony for the dead.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"}
{"id": 37496, "species": {"value": 3609, "label": "Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 33, "label": "Cooking Tools"}, "notes": "Stems sewn with cord, made into mats & used as rugs, meat platters, cradle linings & sleeping mats.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"}
{"id": 37497, "species": {"value": 3609, "label": "Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 164, "label": "Stable Gear"}, "notes": "Used to make saddles.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"}
{"id": 37664, "species": {"value": 3642, "label": "Senecio flaccidus var. douglasii (DC.) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkl."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 36, "label": "Laxative"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves taken as a strong laxative and could cause death.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"}
{"id": 37665, "species": {"value": 3642, "label": "Senecio flaccidus var. douglasii (DC.) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkl."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "63", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Infusion of leaves used as a very strong medicine.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63"}
{"id": 36389, "species": {"value": 3557, "label": "Salvia columbariae Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 25, "label": "Eye Medicine"}, "notes": "Seeds placed in the eye for irritation and inflammation.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36390, "species": {"value": 3557, "label": "Salvia columbariae Benth."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 27, "label": "Beverage"}, "notes": "Seeds parched, pounded, mixed with water and used as a beverage.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36407, "species": {"value": 3558, "label": "Salvia dorrii (Kellogg) Abrams"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36408, "species": {"value": 3558, "label": "Salvia dorrii (Kellogg) Abrams"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 14, "label": "Gastrointestinal Aid"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves taken for stomachaches.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36409, "species": {"value": 3558, "label": "Salvia dorrii (Kellogg) Abrams"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 89, "label": "Witchcraft Medicine"}, "notes": "Plant thrown into the fire to keep away the ghosts.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36410, "species": {"value": 3558, "label": "Salvia dorrii (Kellogg) Abrams"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 58, "label": "Protection"}, "notes": "Plant thrown on the fire at night to keep away the spirits and ghosts.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36519, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath for headaches.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36520, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 11, "label": "Blood Medicine"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves used as a wash on limb affected by blood poisoning.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36521, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 21, "label": "Cold Remedy"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath for colds.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36522, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 77, "label": "Diaphoretic"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath to cause perspiration.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36523, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 45, "label": "Febrifuge"}, "notes": "Infusion of flowers taken for fevers.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36524, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 78, "label": "Herbal Steam"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath for headaches and colds.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36525, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 78, "label": "Herbal Steam"}, "notes": "Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath to cause perspiration.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36526, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 87, "label": "Misc. Disease Remedy"}, "notes": "Infusion of flowers taken for measles.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36527, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 1, "label": "Preserves"}, "notes": "Dried or fresh berries used to make jelly.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36528, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 146, "label": "Musical Instrument"}, "notes": "Wood used to make a flute by pushing out the soft core and burning a single row of six holes.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 36529, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "62", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 79, "label": "Smoking Tools"}, "notes": "Wood section hollowed out and used as a tobacco container.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62"}
{"id": 35690, "species": {"value": 3521, "label": "Salix bonplandiana Kunth"}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "61", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 68, "label": "Antidiarrheal"}, "notes": "Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61"}