{"id": 43771, "species": {"value": 4224, "label": "Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel."}, "tribe": {"value": 248, "label": "Southwest Indians"}, "source": {"value": 58, "label": "bc41"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 113, "label": "Starvation Food"}, "notes": "Used when agricultural reserves dwindled.", "rawsource": "Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 10"}
{"id": 43948, "species": {"value": 4225, "label": "Yucca baccata Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 248, "label": "Southwest Indians"}, "source": {"value": 58, "label": "bc41"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Pulp cooked to a paste, dried and stored for winter use.", "rawsource": "Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 10"}
{"id": 43950, "species": {"value": 4225, "label": "Yucca baccata Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 248, "label": "Southwest Indians"}, "source": {"value": 58, "label": "bc41"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruit eaten raw.", "rawsource": "Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 10"}
{"id": 43955, "species": {"value": 4225, "label": "Yucca baccata Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 248, "label": "Southwest Indians"}, "source": {"value": 58, "label": "bc41"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Greatly sought after and utilized as food.", "rawsource": "Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 10"}
{"id": 236, "species": {"value": 6, "label": "Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 85, "label": "Candy"}, "notes": "Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. The confection was an aid to digestion as well as a delicacy.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 237, "species": {"value": 6, "label": "Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 85, "label": "Candy"}, "notes": "Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 238, "species": {"value": 6, "label": "Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 85, "label": "Candy"}, "notes": "Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 440, "species": {"value": 23, "label": "Acer glabrum Torr."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 86, "label": "Spice"}, "notes": "Dried, crushed leaves used to spice stored meat.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 648, "species": {"value": 34, "label": "Acer saccharinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 135, "label": "Sweetener"}, "notes": "Sap used to make sugar.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"}
{"id": 662, "species": {"value": 34, "label": "Acer saccharinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 108, "label": "Black"}, "notes": "Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used to color tanned hides.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"}
{"id": 664, "species": {"value": 34, "label": "Acer saccharinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 135, "label": "Sweetener"}, "notes": "Sap used to make sugar.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"}
{"id": 665, "species": {"value": 34, "label": "Acer saccharinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 135, "label": "Sweetener"}, "notes": "Sap used to make sugar.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"}
{"id": 666, "species": {"value": 34, "label": "Acer saccharinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 280, "label": "Winnebago"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 108, "label": "Black"}, "notes": "Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used to color tanned hides. The twigs and bark of new growth were boiled with water.  A clay which contained iron was mixed with grease and then roasted; then it was mixed with the boiled twig and bark water.  Tanned hides were soaked in this solution for two or three days to get the right color; treatment for a shorter period of time resulted in a brownish color and for a longer time resulted in black.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"}
{"id": 667, "species": {"value": 34, "label": "Acer saccharinum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 280, "label": "Winnebago"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 135, "label": "Sweetener"}, "notes": "Sap used to make sugar.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"}
{"id": 677, "species": {"value": 35, "label": "Acer saccharum Marsh."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 135, "label": "Sweetener"}, "notes": "Sap formerly used to make sugar.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"}
{"id": 752, "species": {"value": 38, "label": "Achillea millefolium L."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 27, "label": "Beverage"}, "notes": "Leaves and flowers used to make a pleasant tea.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 2255, "species": {"value": 160, "label": "Allium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 86, "label": "Spice"}, "notes": "Bulbs used to spice soup made of wheat and marrow.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 2275, "species": {"value": 160, "label": "Allium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 226, "label": "Sanpoil and Nespelem"}, "source": {"value": 44, "label": "r32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbous roots cooked in pits and used for food.", "rawsource": "Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100"}
{"id": 2909, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Berries dried and stored, some with backfat, for future use.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 2911, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries and fat stuffed into an intestine, boiled and eaten like a sausage.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 2912, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Crushed berries, animal fat and dried meat used to make pemmican.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 2913, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Dried berries used to make sausages.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 2915, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 10, "label": "Snack Food"}, "notes": "Berries and red osier dogwood berries used as a favorite snack reserved for men.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 2917, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 56, "label": "Soup"}, "notes": "Crushed leaves mixed with blood, dried and used to make a rich broth in winter.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 2918, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 56, "label": "Soup"}, "notes": "Dried berries used to make soups.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 2921, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Berries used as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 2922, "species": {"value": 204, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 59, "label": "Winter Use Food"}, "notes": "Crushed berries mixed with flour for winter storage.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 3169, "species": {"value": 216, "label": "Amelanchier utahensis Koehne"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Berries crushed, dried and used for food.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"}
{"id": 3170, "species": {"value": 216, "label": "Amelanchier utahensis Koehne"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"}
{"id": 4289, "species": {"value": 328, "label": "Arctium minus Bernh."}, "tribe": {"value": 100, "label": "Iroquois"}, "source": {"value": 116, "label": "r45i"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 35, "label": "Antirheumatic (External)"}, "notes": "Roots and fruits used for rheumatism.", "rawsource": "Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 100"}
{"id": 4639, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Roasted, dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 100"}
{"id": 11003, "species": {"value": 1102, "label": "Cornus sericea ssp. sericea"}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 10, "label": "Snack Food"}, "notes": "Berries and saskatoon berries used as a favorite snack reserved for men.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"}
{"id": 11368, "species": {"value": 1123, "label": "Crataegus douglasii Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Berries formerly dried and eaten.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"}
{"id": 11369, "species": {"value": 1123, "label": "Crataegus douglasii Lindl."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries formerly eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"}
{"id": 12260, "species": {"value": 1245, "label": "Daucus carota L."}, "tribe": {"value": 226, "label": "Sanpoil and Nespelem"}, "source": {"value": 44, "label": "r32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Dried roots stored for winter use.", "rawsource": "Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100"}
{"id": 12261, "species": {"value": 1245, "label": "Daucus carota L."}, "tribe": {"value": 226, "label": "Sanpoil and Nespelem"}, "source": {"value": 44, "label": "r32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 31, "label": "Vegetable"}, "notes": "Steamed or boiled root used for food.", "rawsource": "Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100"}
{"id": 14693, "species": {"value": 1603, "label": "Fagus grandifolia Ehrh."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Beechnuts used for food. The hidden stores of the small deer mouse was what the Indians relied upon.  The deer mouse is outdone by no other animal in laying up winter stores.  Its favorite food is the beechnut.  It will lay up, in some safe log or hollow tree, from four to eight quarts, shelled in the most careful manner.  The Indians easily find the stores, when the snow is on the ground, by the refuse on the snow.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 100"}
{"id": 15096, "species": {"value": 1648, "label": "Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Berries used as an emetic.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 100"}
{"id": 15097, "species": {"value": 1648, "label": "Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 40, "label": "Emetic"}, "notes": "Infusion of foliage, twigs and bark taken as an emetic.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 100"}
{"id": 16630, "species": {"value": 1821, "label": "Helianthus annuus L."}, "tribe": {"value": 226, "label": "Sanpoil and Nespelem"}, "source": {"value": 44, "label": "r32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Dried roots stored for winter use.", "rawsource": "Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100"}
{"id": 18343, "species": {"value": 2038, "label": "Juncus balticus Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 125, "label": "Jewelry"}, "notes": "Blades used to string clamshell beads to hold them together when being smoothed.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 100"}
{"id": 18344, "species": {"value": 2038, "label": "Juncus balticus Willd."}, "tribe": {"value": 202, "label": "Pomo, Kashaya"}, "source": {"value": 40, "label": "gl80"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Blades used by children to make play baskets.", "rawsource": "Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 100"}
{"id": 19998, "species": {"value": 2155, "label": "Leucocrinum montanum Nutt. ex Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of pulverized roots applied to sores or swellings.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 100"}
{"id": 19999, "species": {"value": 2155, "label": "Leucocrinum montanum Nutt. ex Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 232, "label": "Shoshoni"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Poultice of pulverized roots applied to sores or swellings.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 100"}
{"id": 20051, "species": {"value": 2159, "label": "Lewisia rediviva Pursh"}, "tribe": {"value": 226, "label": "Sanpoil and Nespelem"}, "source": {"value": 44, "label": "r32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 44, "label": "Porridge"}, "notes": "Roots mixed with service berries, grease or fat added and boiled into a congealed mass.", "rawsource": "Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100"}
{"id": 22877, "species": {"value": 2447, "label": "Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 115, "label": "Klamath"}, "source": {"value": 66, "label": "c97"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Seeds used for food.", "rawsource": "Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 100"}
{"id": 26366, "species": {"value": 2873, "label": "Phaseolus vulgaris L."}, "tribe": {"value": 257, "label": "Tewa"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 75, "label": "Staple"}, "notes": "Used as a staple food.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 100"}
{"id": 26868, "species": {"value": 2933, "label": "Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 64, "label": "Cancer Treatment"}, "notes": "Decoction of needles and gum taken for cancer. It was said that if this treatment did not work, nothing would work.  The decoction was taken with a spoon directly from the bark blisters and in concentrated form.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 26869, "species": {"value": 2933, "label": "Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 9, "label": "Cough Medicine"}, "notes": "Decoction of needles and gum taken for coughs.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 26870, "species": {"value": 2933, "label": "Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Pitch used for eczema.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 26872, "species": {"value": 2933, "label": "Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 60, "label": "Psychological Aid"}, "notes": "Tree and red cedar tree caused vivid dreams for anyone who slept under it.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 26876, "species": {"value": 2933, "label": "Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Sap considered edible.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 26878, "species": {"value": 2933, "label": "Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 147, "label": "Good Luck Charm"}, "notes": "Tree and red cedar tree provided good luck and wishes for those who asked for it.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 27266, "species": {"value": 2938, "label": "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 68, "label": "Antidiarrheal"}, "notes": "Decoction of burned cone ashes taken for dysentery.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 27267, "species": {"value": 2938, "label": "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 25, "label": "Eye Medicine"}, "notes": "Needles used to restore eyesight. A blind person, or one with poor eyesight, rubbed his hands with the needles and then rubbed his eyes with his hands to restore his eyesight.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 27268, "species": {"value": 2938, "label": "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 20, "label": "Panacea"}, "notes": "Decoction of boughs used for any kind of illness.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 27269, "species": {"value": 2938, "label": "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark taken as a medicine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 27270, "species": {"value": 2938, "label": "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Evergreen tops considered good medicine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 27271, "species": {"value": 2938, "label": "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Infusion of bark taken as a medicine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 27272, "species": {"value": 2938, "label": "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 58, "label": "Protection"}, "notes": "Branches rubbed on skin to protect one against evil or 'witchcraft.' The protective powers were attributed to the prickly needles.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 32394, "species": {"value": 3285, "label": "Quercus rubra L."}, "tribe": {"value": 206, "label": "Potawatomi"}, "source": {"value": 43, "label": "smith33"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 44, "label": "Porridge"}, "notes": "Dried, ground acorns used as a flour to make gruel. Hardwood ashes and water furnished the lye for soaking the acorns, to swell them and remove the tannic acid.  A bark bag or reticule served to hold the acorns while they were washed through a series of hot and cold water to remove the lye.  Then they were dried in the sun and became perfectly sweet and palatable.  They were ground on depressions of rocks which served as a mortar with a stone pestle, to a flour, which was cooked as a gruel, sometimes called samp.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 100"}
{"id": 33413, "species": {"value": 3363, "label": "Ribes cereum Dougl."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruits eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"}
{"id": 33790, "species": {"value": 3403, "label": "Ricinus communis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 6, "label": "Analgesic"}, "notes": "Beans eaten for headaches.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100"}
{"id": 33791, "species": {"value": 3403, "label": "Ricinus communis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 29, "label": "Cathartic"}, "notes": "Beans eaten as a purge.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100"}
{"id": 33792, "species": {"value": 3403, "label": "Ricinus communis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 8, "label": "Dermatological Aid"}, "notes": "Beans dried, ground and sprinkled on sores.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100"}
{"id": 33793, "species": {"value": 3403, "label": "Ricinus communis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 36, "label": "Laxative"}, "notes": "Beans eaten for constipation.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100"}
{"id": 33794, "species": {"value": 3403, "label": "Ricinus communis L."}, "tribe": {"value": 193, "label": "Pima"}, "source": {"value": 11, "label": "c49"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 13, "label": "Poison"}, "notes": "Plant considered poisonous.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100"}
{"id": 36573, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Fruits dried and eaten.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"}
{"id": 36575, "species": {"value": 3565, "label": "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruits eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"}
{"id": 36890, "species": {"value": 3569, "label": "Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 29, "label": "Cathartic"}, "notes": "Infusion of bark and roots taken by boys and girls as a purgative to cleanse the system.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 36891, "species": {"value": 3569, "label": "Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 60, "label": "Psychological Aid"}, "notes": "Bark used with black twinberry bark for nervous breakdowns.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 36892, "species": {"value": 3569, "label": "Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries formerly used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 36893, "species": {"value": 3569, "label": "Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 1, "label": "Preserves"}, "notes": "Berries pounded, dried, soaked in water until jam like, mixed with sugar and used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 36894, "species": {"value": 3569, "label": "Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 185, "label": "Sacred Items"}, "notes": "Pithy branches hollowed out and used to make ceremonial and sacred wolf whistles.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 36895, "species": {"value": 3569, "label": "Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 101, "label": "ttco83"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 24, "label": "Toys & Games"}, "notes": "Used to make children's whistles and 'pea shooters.'", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"}
{"id": 37792, "species": {"value": 3657, "label": "Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Berries cooked, dried, boiled, drained, crushed and used for food.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"}
{"id": 37793, "species": {"value": 3657, "label": "Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Fruits eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"}
{"id": 37794, "species": {"value": 3657, "label": "Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 88, "label": "Pie & Pudding"}, "notes": "Berries, flour and sugar mixed and eaten as a pudding.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"}
{"id": 40473, "species": {"value": 3973, "label": "Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 13, "label": "Poison"}, "notes": "Plant considered poisonous.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"}
{"id": 40475, "species": {"value": 3973, "label": "Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill."}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 13, "label": "Poison"}, "notes": "Plant considered poisonous.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"}
{"id": 41929, "species": {"value": 4065, "label": "Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Ung."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Used with sweet corn as food.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 100"}
{"id": 41930, "species": {"value": 4065, "label": "Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Ung."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 37, "label": "w39"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Black powder used as a ceremonial body paint.", "rawsource": "Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 100"}
{"id": 42292, "species": {"value": 4084, "label": "Vaccinium oxycoccos L."}, "tribe": {"value": 181, "label": "Oweekeno"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries used for food.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 100"}
{"id": 20222, "species": {"value": 2178, "label": "Ligusticum filicinum S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 12, "label": "tha41"}, "pageno": "100101", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 9, "label": "Cough Medicine"}, "notes": "Root used in a cough remedy.", "rawsource": "Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 100101"}
{"id": 549, "species": {"value": 27, "label": "Acer negundo L."}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Wood made into charcoal and used for ceremonial painting and tattooing.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"}
{"id": 562, "species": {"value": 27, "label": "Acer negundo L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 135, "label": "Sweetener"}, "notes": "Sap used to make sugar.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"}
{"id": 563, "species": {"value": 27, "label": "Acer negundo L."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 30, "label": "Ceremonial Items"}, "notes": "Wood made into charcoal and used for ceremonial painting and tattooing.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"}
{"id": 565, "species": {"value": 27, "label": "Acer negundo L."}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 135, "label": "Sweetener"}, "notes": "Sap used to make sugar.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"}
{"id": 566, "species": {"value": 27, "label": "Acer negundo L."}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 135, "label": "Sweetener"}, "notes": "Sap used to make sugar.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"}
{"id": 568, "species": {"value": 27, "label": "Acer negundo L."}, "tribe": {"value": 280, "label": "Winnebago"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 135, "label": "Sweetener"}, "notes": "Sap used to make sugar.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"}
{"id": 3081, "species": {"value": 207, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc."}, "tribe": {"value": 226, "label": "Sanpoil and Nespelem"}, "source": {"value": 44, "label": "r32"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 2, "label": "Bread & Cake"}, "notes": "Berries dried whole or mashed, formed into cakes and dried.", "rawsource": "Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101"}
{"id": 3082, "species": {"value": 207, "label": "Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc."}, "tribe": {"value": 226, "label": "Sanpoil and Nespelem"}, "source": {"value": 44, "label": "r32"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries eaten raw or cooked with salmon.", "rawsource": "Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101"}
{"id": 4430, "species": {"value": 338, "label": "Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries used for food.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 101"}
{"id": 4431, "species": {"value": 338, "label": "Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray"}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 98, "label": "m53"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Roasted, dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked.", "rawsource": "Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 101"}
{"id": 4512, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 27, "label": "Beverage"}, "notes": "Crushed leaves used to make tea.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"}
{"id": 4513, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 4, "label": "Dried Food"}, "notes": "Berries dried and later soaked with sugar.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"}
{"id": 4514, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 52, "label": "Fruit"}, "notes": "Berries eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"}
{"id": 4522, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 23, "label": "Blackfoot"}, "source": {"value": 26, "label": "h74"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 3, "label": "Other"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 63, "label": "Smoke Plant"}, "notes": "Crushed leaves smoked with tobacco.", "rawsource": "Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"}
{"id": 4621, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 111, "label": "Antihemorrhagic"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves and stems taken for spitting of blood.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"}
{"id": 4622, "species": {"value": 347, "label": "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng."}, "tribe": {"value": 175, "label": "Okanagan-Colville"}, "source": {"value": 32, "label": "tbk80"}, "pageno": "101", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": {"value": 11, "label": "Blood Medicine"}, "notes": "Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a blood tonic.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"}