{"id": 2030, "species": {"value": 132, "label": "Allium acuminatum Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "74", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Strongly flavored bulbs eaten with other foods.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74"}
{"id": 2032, "species": {"value": 132, "label": "Allium acuminatum Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 10, "label": "tta90"}, "pageno": "117", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs dug in the spring and used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"}
{"id": 2033, "species": {"value": 132, "label": "Allium acuminatum Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "482", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Thick coated, spherical bulbs eaten.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482"}
{"id": 2034, "species": {"value": 132, "label": "Allium acuminatum Hook."}, "tribe": {"value": 272, "label": "Ute"}, "source": {"value": 142, "label": "c09"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs and leaves used for food.", "rawsource": "Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32"}
{"id": 2036, "species": {"value": 133, "label": "Allium anceps Kellogg"}, "tribe": {"value": 185, "label": "Paiute, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 50, "label": "f89"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs roasted in the sand and eaten.", "rawsource": "Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44"}
{"id": 2037, "species": {"value": 134, "label": "Allium bisceptrum S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 15, "label": "Apache, White Mountain"}, "source": {"value": 45, "label": "r29"}, "pageno": "155", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs eaten raw and cooked.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155"}
{"id": 2038, "species": {"value": 134, "label": "Allium bisceptrum S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 79, "label": "Gosiute"}, "source": {"value": 38, "label": "c11"}, "pageno": "360", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs eaten in spring and early summer.", "rawsource": "Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360"}
{"id": 2041, "species": {"value": 134, "label": "Allium bisceptrum S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs roasted and used for food.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"}
{"id": 2042, "species": {"value": 134, "label": "Allium bisceptrum S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"}
{"id": 2043, "species": {"value": 134, "label": "Allium bisceptrum S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 272, "label": "Ute"}, "source": {"value": 142, "label": "c09"}, "pageno": "32", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs and leaves used for food.", "rawsource": "Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32"}
{"id": 2045, "species": {"value": 136, "label": "Allium bolanderi S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "380", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs relished by only old men and old women.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380"}
{"id": 2046, "species": {"value": 136, "label": "Allium bolanderi S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "322", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Corms used for food.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 322"}
{"id": 2065, "species": {"value": 138, "label": "Allium canadense L."}, "tribe": {"value": 138, "label": "Menominee"}, "source": {"value": 51, "label": "s23"}, "pageno": "69", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Small, wild onion used for food.", "rawsource": "Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 69"}
{"id": 2071, "species": {"value": 139, "label": "Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey"}, "tribe": {"value": 61, "label": "Dakota"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Fried bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"}
{"id": 2074, "species": {"value": 139, "label": "Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey"}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Fried bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"}
{"id": 2077, "species": {"value": 139, "label": "Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey"}, "tribe": {"value": 190, "label": "Pawnee"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Fried bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"}
{"id": 2080, "species": {"value": 139, "label": "Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey"}, "tribe": {"value": 205, "label": "Ponca"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Fried bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"}
{"id": 2083, "species": {"value": 139, "label": "Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey"}, "tribe": {"value": 280, "label": "Winnebago"}, "source": {"value": 17, "label": "g19"}, "pageno": "71", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Fried bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"}
{"id": 2085, "species": {"value": 140, "label": "Allium cepa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 89, "label": "Havasupai"}, "source": {"value": 2, "label": "ws85"}, "pageno": "212", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"}
{"id": 2089, "species": {"value": 140, "label": "Allium cepa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "31", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, and eaten immediately.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31"}
{"id": 2091, "species": {"value": 140, "label": "Allium cepa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Species used for food.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20"}
{"id": 2092, "species": {"value": 140, "label": "Allium cepa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 160, "label": "Neeshenam"}, "source": {"value": 81, "label": "p74"}, "pageno": "377", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Eaten raw, roasted or boiled.", "rawsource": "Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377"}
{"id": 2093, "species": {"value": 140, "label": "Allium cepa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 181, "label": "Oweekeno"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "77", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 77"}
{"id": 2094, "species": {"value": 140, "label": "Allium cepa L."}, "tribe": {"value": 228, "label": "Seminole"}, "source": {"value": 88, "label": "s54"}, "pageno": "505", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Plant used for food.", "rawsource": "Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 505"}
{"id": 2102, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "199", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs eaten fresh.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199"}
{"id": 2117, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "47", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"}
{"id": 2118, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 41, "label": "Clallam"}, "source": {"value": 99, "label": "f80"}, "pageno": "196", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs eaten raw, cooked in pits or fried with meat.", "rawsource": "Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 196"}
{"id": 2123, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 94, "label": "Hoh"}, "source": {"value": 77, "label": "r36"}, "pageno": "59", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs pit baked and used for food.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"}
{"id": 2125, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 184, "label": "n43"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Eaten raw with cornmeal dumplings or fresh piki bread.", "rawsource": "Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 20"}
{"id": 2131, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 114, "label": "Klallam"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"}
{"id": 2135, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 122, "label": "Kwakiutl, Southern"}, "source": {"value": 63, "label": "tb73"}, "pageno": "272", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs cooked and used for food.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272"}
{"id": 2138, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs eaten sparingly.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"}
{"id": 2139, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 133, "label": "Makah"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "338", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338"}
{"id": 2143, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "31", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, and eaten immediately.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31"}
{"id": 2148, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs, never the tops, eaten raw, with fried or boiled meat.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20"}
{"id": 2149, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 166, "label": "Nitinaht"}, "source": {"value": 3, "label": "g83"}, "pageno": "338", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338"}
{"id": 2154, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 176, "label": "Okanagon"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs and leaves used for food.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"}
{"id": 2155, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 181, "label": "Oweekeno"}, "source": {"value": 14, "label": "c93"}, "pageno": "76", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 76"}
{"id": 2156, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 209, "label": "Quileute"}, "source": {"value": 77, "label": "r36"}, "pageno": "59", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs pit baked and used for food.", "rawsource": "Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59"}
{"id": 2159, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 210, "label": "Quinault"}, "source": {"value": 25, "label": "g73"}, "pageno": "24", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24"}
{"id": 2160, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 217, "label": "Salish, Coast"}, "source": {"value": 23, "label": "tb71"}, "pageno": "74", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Strongly flavored bulbs eaten with other foods.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74"}
{"id": 2167, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 55, "label": "p52"}, "pageno": "37", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs and leaves used for food.", "rawsource": "Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"}
{"id": 2168, "species": {"value": 141, "label": "Allium cernuum Roth"}, "tribe": {"value": 259, "label": "Thompson"}, "source": {"value": 33, "label": "steed28"}, "pageno": "481", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Thick bulbs cooked and eaten.", "rawsource": "Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 481"}
{"id": 2169, "species": {"value": 142, "label": "Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 2, "label": "Acoma"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"}
{"id": 2172, "species": {"value": 142, "label": "Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "53", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs washed and eaten raw with broken waferbread dipped in water.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 53"}
{"id": 2173, "species": {"value": 142, "label": "Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Dipped in water with broken wafer bread and eaten raw.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"}
{"id": 2174, "species": {"value": 142, "label": "Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 101, "label": "Isleta"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs eaten raw or boiled.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"}
{"id": 2175, "species": {"value": 142, "label": "Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 124, "label": "Laguna"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"}
{"id": 2176, "species": {"value": 142, "label": "Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 257, "label": "Tewa"}, "source": {"value": 61, "label": "rhf16"}, "pageno": "53", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs washed and eaten raw with broken waferbread dipped in water.", "rawsource": "Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 53"}
{"id": 2177, "species": {"value": 142, "label": "Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 257, "label": "Tewa"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Dipped in water with broken wafer bread and eaten raw.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"}
{"id": 2182, "species": {"value": 145, "label": "Allium drummondii Regel"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "12", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs formerly boiled with meat and used for food.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"}
{"id": 2183, "species": {"value": 145, "label": "Allium drummondii Regel"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "45", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Species used for food.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 45"}
{"id": 2184, "species": {"value": 145, "label": "Allium drummondii Regel"}, "tribe": {"value": 125, "label": "Lakota"}, "source": {"value": 108, "label": "r80"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Species used for food.", "rawsource": "Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 27"}
{"id": 2185, "species": {"value": 145, "label": "Allium drummondii Regel"}, "tribe": {"value": 159, "label": "Navajo, Ramah"}, "source": {"value": 18, "label": "v52"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs boiled with meat.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20"}
{"id": 2187, "species": {"value": 147, "label": "Allium geyeri S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 10, "label": "Apache"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"}
{"id": 2191, "species": {"value": 147, "label": "Allium geyeri S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 184, "label": "n43"}, "pageno": "20", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Eaten raw with cornmeal dumplings or fresh piki bread.", "rawsource": "Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 20"}
{"id": 2196, "species": {"value": 149, "label": "Allium hyalinum Curran"}, "tribe": {"value": 269, "label": "Tubatulabal"}, "source": {"value": 137, "label": "v38"}, "pageno": "12", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Leaves, stalks and heads used for food.", "rawsource": "Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 12"}
{"id": 2197, "species": {"value": 150, "label": "Allium lacunosum S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 269, "label": "Tubatulabal"}, "source": {"value": 137, "label": "v38"}, "pageno": "12", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Leaves, stalks and heads used for food.", "rawsource": "Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 12"}
{"id": 2199, "species": {"value": 151, "label": "Allium macropetalum Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs rubbed in hot ashes and eaten.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"}
{"id": 2200, "species": {"value": 151, "label": "Allium macropetalum Rydb."}, "tribe": {"value": 157, "label": "Navajo"}, "source": {"value": 74, "label": "e44"}, "pageno": "31", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, and eaten immediately.", "rawsource": "Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31"}
{"id": 2203, "species": {"value": 152, "label": "Allium nevadense S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 185, "label": "Paiute, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 50, "label": "f89"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Whole plant eaten raw.", "rawsource": "Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44"}
{"id": 2206, "species": {"value": 154, "label": "Allium peninsulare J.G. Lemmon ex Greene"}, "tribe": {"value": 269, "label": "Tubatulabal"}, "source": {"value": 137, "label": "v38"}, "pageno": "12", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Leaves, stalks and heads used for food.", "rawsource": "Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 12"}
{"id": 2208, "species": {"value": 155, "label": "Allium platycaule S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs roasted and used for food.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"}
{"id": 2209, "species": {"value": 155, "label": "Allium platycaule S. Wats."}, "tribe": {"value": 183, "label": "Paiute"}, "source": {"value": 153, "label": "k32"}, "pageno": "102", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten.", "rawsource": "Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102"}
{"id": 2223, "species": {"value": 158, "label": "Allium schoenoprasum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 4, "label": "Alaska Native"}, "source": {"value": 132, "label": "h53"}, "pageno": "113", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used sparingly.", "rawsource": "Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 113"}
{"id": 2225, "species": {"value": 158, "label": "Allium schoenoprasum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "26", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Fresh leaves used for food.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"}
{"id": 2231, "species": {"value": 158, "label": "Allium schoenoprasum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 118, "label": "Koyukon"}, "source": {"value": 158, "label": "n83"}, "pageno": "56", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Plant eaten raw, alone or with fish.", "rawsource": "Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 56"}
{"id": 2233, "species": {"value": 158, "label": "Allium schoenoprasum L."}, "tribe": {"value": 255, "label": "Tanana, Upper"}, "source": {"value": 36, "label": "k85"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Stems and bulbs eaten raw, fried or boiled.", "rawsource": "Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15"}
{"id": 2236, "species": {"value": 159, "label": "Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "12", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs formerly boiled with meat and used for food.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12"}
{"id": 2237, "species": {"value": 159, "label": "Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman"}, "tribe": {"value": 33, "label": "Cheyenne"}, "source": {"value": 57, "label": "h81"}, "pageno": "45", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Species used for food.", "rawsource": "Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 45"}
{"id": 2239, "species": {"value": 159, "label": "Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman"}, "tribe": {"value": 80, "label": "Great Basin Indian"}, "source": {"value": 139, "label": "n66"}, "pageno": "46", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46"}
{"id": 2261, "species": {"value": 160, "label": "Allium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 48, "label": "Comanche"}, "source": {"value": 147, "label": "cj40"}, "pageno": "520", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Roasted bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 520"}
{"id": 2268, "species": {"value": 160, "label": "Allium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 134, "label": "Malecite"}, "source": {"value": 78, "label": "sd52"}, "pageno": "6", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Species used for food.", "rawsource": "Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"}
{"id": 2271, "species": {"value": 160, "label": "Allium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 177, "label": "Omaha"}, "source": {"value": 154, "label": "g13ii"}, "pageno": "325", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs and tops eaten both raw and cooked.", "rawsource": "Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"}
{"id": 2272, "species": {"value": 160, "label": "Allium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 185, "label": "Paiute, Northern"}, "source": {"value": 50, "label": "f89"}, "pageno": "44", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Stems rolled into a ball and eaten.", "rawsource": "Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44"}
{"id": 2275, "species": {"value": 160, "label": "Allium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 226, "label": "Sanpoil and Nespelem"}, "source": {"value": 44, "label": "r32"}, "pageno": "100", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbous roots cooked in pits and used for food.", "rawsource": "Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100"}
{"id": 2276, "species": {"value": 160, "label": "Allium sp."}, "tribe": {"value": 250, "label": "Spokan"}, "source": {"value": 144, "label": "teit28"}, "pageno": "343", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Roots used for food.", "rawsource": "Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"}
{"id": 2281, "species": {"value": 162, "label": "Allium textile A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr."}, "tribe": {"value": 125, "label": "Lakota"}, "source": {"value": 156, "label": "k90"}, "pageno": "50", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs eaten fresh or stored for future use.", "rawsource": "Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 50"}
{"id": 2286, "species": {"value": 163, "label": "Allium tricoccum Ait."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 1, "label": "hc75"}, "pageno": "52", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Species used for food.", "rawsource": "Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52"}
{"id": 2287, "species": {"value": 163, "label": "Allium tricoccum Ait."}, "tribe": {"value": 32, "label": "Cherokee"}, "source": {"value": 161, "label": "w77"}, "pageno": "251", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Young plants boiled, fried and eaten.", "rawsource": "Witthoft, John, 1977, Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs, Journal of Cherokee Studies 2(2):250-255, page 251"}
{"id": 2299, "species": {"value": 164, "label": "Allium unifolium Kellogg"}, "tribe": {"value": 137, "label": "Mendocino Indian"}, "source": {"value": 89, "label": "c02"}, "pageno": "323", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs and leaf bases fried and eaten.", "rawsource": "Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 323"}
{"id": 2300, "species": {"value": 164, "label": "Allium unifolium Kellogg"}, "tribe": {"value": 188, "label": "Papago"}, "source": {"value": 19, "label": "c35"}, "pageno": "15", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs used for food.", "rawsource": "Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"}
{"id": 2303, "species": {"value": 164, "label": "Allium unifolium Kellogg"}, "tribe": {"value": 200, "label": "Pomo"}, "source": {"value": 96, "label": "b52"}, "pageno": "89", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs eaten raw or baked.", "rawsource": "Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 89"}
{"id": 2304, "species": {"value": 164, "label": "Allium unifolium Kellogg"}, "tribe": {"value": 287, "label": "Yuki"}, "source": {"value": 69, "label": "c57ii"}, "pageno": "86", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulbs eaten raw or fried.", "rawsource": "Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 86"}
{"id": 2318, "species": {"value": 166, "label": "Allium vineale L."}, "tribe": {"value": 95, "label": "Hopi"}, "source": {"value": 126, "label": "vest40"}, "pageno": "159", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bulb used for food.", "rawsource": "Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 159"}
{"id": 2326, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 53, "label": "t73"}, "pageno": "202", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Cones used for medicine.", "rawsource": "Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"}
{"id": 2343, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2344, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2382, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 233, "label": "Shuswap"}, "source": {"value": 92, "label": "palmer75"}, "pageno": "59", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Decoction of bark taken for the body.", "rawsource": "Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"}
{"id": 2383, "species": {"value": 168, "label": "Alnus incana (L.) Moench"}, "tribe": {"value": 233, "label": "Shuswap"}, "source": {"value": 92, "label": "palmer75"}, "pageno": "59", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Used for buckskin dye.", "rawsource": "Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"}
{"id": 2400, "species": {"value": 169, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2401, "species": {"value": 169, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2416, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 21, "label": "Bella Coola"}, "source": {"value": 9, "label": "s29"}, "pageno": "55", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Cones used for an 'unspecified complaint.'", "rawsource": "Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55"}
{"id": 2427, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2428, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 58, "label": "Cree, Woodlands"}, "source": {"value": 47, "label": "l85"}, "pageno": "27", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets.", "rawsource": "Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27"}
{"id": 2434, "species": {"value": 170, "label": "Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung"}, "tribe": {"value": 78, "label": "Gitksan"}, "source": {"value": 166, "label": "g92"}, "pageno": "152", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Bark and other plants used to make a salve.", "rawsource": "Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"}
{"id": 2457, "species": {"value": 171, "label": "Alnus rhombifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "248", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Juice used as a dye.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"}
{"id": 2458, "species": {"value": 171, "label": "Alnus rhombifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 50, "label": "Costanoan"}, "source": {"value": 16, "label": "b84"}, "pageno": "248", "use_category": {"value": 1, "label": "Food"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Inner bark used for food.", "rawsource": "Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"}
{"id": 2459, "species": {"value": 171, "label": "Alnus rhombifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 105, "label": "Karok"}, "source": {"value": 71, "label": "sg52"}, "pageno": "382", "use_category": {"value": 5, "label": "Dye"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Inner bark dried, ground, mixed with flour and water and used as a dye.", "rawsource": "Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382"}
{"id": 2462, "species": {"value": 171, "label": "Alnus rhombifolia Nutt."}, "tribe": {"value": 106, "label": "Kawaiisu"}, "source": {"value": 60, "label": "z81"}, "pageno": "10", "use_category": {"value": 2, "label": "Drug"}, "use_subcategory": null, "notes": "Plant used as medicine.", "rawsource": "Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"}